Jungian Psychology: Persona and Personality

Jungian Psychology generally refers to analytical psychology. Analytical psychology is a depth psychology born in the early 20th century that explores the original image of the human mind. The following is the Jungian psychology I compiled: persona and personality. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Jungian Psychology - Persona and Personality

Carl Gustav Jung (CarlGustav Jung,) (1875-1961), a famous Swiss psychologist, Psychoanalysts have received high praise in the world of psychology and are one of the originators of modern psychology. He is the author of "Psychology of Unconscious Processes", "Psychological Types", "Analytical Psychology and the Interpretation of Dreams" and "Memories, Dreams and Thinking", etc.

Born on July 26, 1875 in Thurgau, Switzerland. Young Jung was shy and sensitive, often contradicting his parents' beliefs and teachers' requirements. He is special compared to his classmates, fragile and easily hurt. Jung received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Zurich in 1902 and became a lecturer in psychiatry at the university in 1905. Later he resigned and opened his own clinic. In 1911 he was elected the first president of the International Psychoanalytic Society. Later, he withdrew from the International Psychoanalytic Association due to differences with Freud and founded his own analytical psychology. In the 1920s, he made several trips to Africa, Arizona, New Mexico and other places, where he began to study the nature and phenomenon of the racial subconscious, and extensively investigated ancient myths and sacrificial rituals. Died in 1961.

Regarding the issue of personality structure, Jung proposed that personality be divided into three levels, namely consciousness, individual subconscious and collective subconscious. Jung devoted his life to the exploration of the mysteries of the human psyche. His writings were voluminous throughout his life, his thoughts were profound and profound, and his research included both Chinese and Western knowledge. The analytical psychology he founded not only became a unique school of thought in psychotherapy, but also had a broad and profound impact on philosophy, psychology, cultural anthropology, literature, art, religion, ethics, education and many other fields. It is worth mentioning that Jung has always been interested in Eastern culture and religion, and borrowed it into his own theories. During his lifetime, he wrote several articles on psychology and Eastern religions. He has a wide range of interests, including Tibetan Buddhism, Indian yoga, Chinese Taoism and the I Ching, Japanese Zen and Eastern meditation, and has all had in-depth reflections. He also cited Chinese alchemical theories and Buddhist mandala diagrams to treat mental illness.

In Western "orthodox" psychology, Jung can be called a heretic. Although Jung studied under Freud, he did learn a lot of skills from Freud. Freud even said privately that "Jung is a genius." In the early days, both of them had the fear of cherishing heroes. When Ide wrote to Jung, he said: "If I were Moses, you would be Joshua, and you will have the promised land of psychiatry." The honeymoon period soon passed, and in 1912 Jung published "The Changes and Changes of Libido" Symbol", and had differences with Freud. The main difference lay in the interpretation of libido. Freud viewed libido as exclusively sexual potential, Jung viewed it as a universal life force. Expressed in growth and reproduction, but also in other activities. As a result, Jung completely overturned Freud's theory.

Jung once openly said that in addition to part of his psychological theory coming from "clinical psychology experience", the other part came from external channels and approaches, including Eastern religions. of all knowledge. Jung's book "Psychology and the East" ("Psychology and the East") is regarded as his best commentary on Zen Buddhism.

As early as 2,500 years ago, a line of words was engraved on a stone tablet in front of the Delphi Sun Temple in ancient Greece: "Man, know yourself." For thousands of years, standing in the world's thoughts The thinkers on the mountain top have explored the mystery of "knowing people" again and again. However, it is so difficult to know people that knowledge about them is so poor. Rousseau once said: "I think the most useful but least complete of all human knowledge is the knowledge about 'people'."

Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875. His thoughts gradually grew and matured in this beautiful motherland, and eventually nourished the European psychology and ideological circles.

The broad outlines of the development of Jungian theory were from psychiatry to analytical psychology through psychoanalysis, and from archetypal theory to the psychological mechanisms of religious motivational psychology and Eastern philosophy. Jung was Freud's favorite disciple when he was young. Later, like Adler, he parted ways with Freud's psychoanalytic school because of his different views on the core issues of his research. However, in his early days Jung was deeply influenced by Freud's ideas. In his long life, Jung finally created his unique psychological understanding and practical methods, which naturally gave rise to Jung's own field of psychology, whose thoughts are very rich and charming.

Historically, only a handful of souls have the tranquility to understand their own darkness. Jung, the master who created analytical psychology, is one of these few. He was Freud's most controversial disciple and introduced issues such as mythology, religion, philosophy and the soul that Freud ignored into the school of analytical psychology. He is one of the important revolutionaries and promoters of modern thought. If you ignore him, you will ignore the entire idea that is closely related to modern society.

Personality Mask and Personality in Jungian Psychology

The personality mask that Jung refers to is the dividing point between the internal world and the external world. The concept of personality mask elevates the way of interpersonal communication. At the theoretical level, it becomes a tool of psychological analysis. Jung believed: "The outermost personality mask of the personality covers up the true self, making the personality an illusion. It acts according to the expectations of others, so it is not consistent with his true personality. People rely on masks to coordinate the relationship between people and society. Relationships determine how a person appears in society... The persona is a symbol of the archetype. "We wear personas to express ourselves and our role in society. The persona is reflected by our body language, clothing, decoration, etc. We use this to tell the outside world who we are, using personas to express our idealized versions of ourselves. But on the other hand, the role of the personality mask is that it protects people's hypocrisy and cowardice. This reaction comes from one's own fear of unknown things or people, thus activating the psychological defense mechanism and making people unconsciously step into the relationship with others. Real human nature has different states of mind. The persona is also a strict inspection mechanism that enables people's behavior to be completed after the inspection process. But we don’t have to feel guilty for this. The emergence of personality masks is reasonable and it is a product of society.

Carl Jung’s Quotes

1. The only purpose of human existence is to light a lamp in the darkness of pure freedom. —— Jung

2. The wavering of thought is not a wavering between right and wrong, but a kind of wandering between reason and irrationality. —— Jung

3. When love dominates everything, power does not exist; when power dominates everything, love disappears. The two are each other's shadow.

4. There is no life prescription that applies to everything. —— Jung

5. Because of the ability to think, people can step out of the animal kingdom. —— Jung

6. Goethe did not create "Faust", but "Faust" created Goethe. —— Jung

7. People who have not gone through the purgatory of passion have never overcome passion. —— Jung

8. The final result of culture is personality. —— Jung

9. I+We=FullyI, (I+we=complete me). —— Jung

10. The extroverted and intuitive personality is suitable for many innovative leaders today. —— Jung (share)

The basic theory of Jungian psychology

Psychological causality

The viewpoint of causality permeates and pervades Jung as a person. The scientific environment in which scholars are exposed. Everything has a cause, which means that in psychiatric treatment, the doctor must find out the cause of the patient's current strange and difficult illness from the patient's past life. Freud's insistence on prioritizing childhood traumatic experiences in causing neurological disorders in adults provides an example of a causal perspective. Jung inherited and developed the causal theory of psychology, and further extended the causal theory to the collective unconscious to find the causes of psychological phenomena.

Psychological teleology

In addition to psychological causation, Jung also identified the effectiveness of another scientific kinetic theory. Jung called this kinetic theory teleology or ultimate theory. Argument.

When teleology is applied to psychology, it actually means that a person's current behavior is determined by his future. When understanding human behavior, we should consider both past events and future goals. Many of Jung's views on psychic development are teleological in the sense that they are goals - for example, individuation, integration, and self-fulfilment - towards which the personality develops.

Although intentionality does not always manifest itself in consciousness, intentionality does exist in behavior. Even dreams play a role in looking forward to the future: they are images of future designs that develop, just as they are often images of memory.

Jung felt that in psychology, it is necessary to adopt two postures, one is the posture of causation and the other is the posture of teleology. Jung wrote, “On the one hand, it (the psyche) presents a picture of the remains and traces of everything that has happened in the past, and on the other hand, within the same picture, insofar as the psyche creates its own future, what is to come The outlines of everything were also sketched. For many scientists, teleology was not, and still is not, an acceptable view.

However, as we have seen, Jung did not. No matter how little known a point of view was, he was always willing to think about it and apply it to his work. Jung was a pragmatist. He would apply a point of view that would help him understand his patients and be beneficial to the patients he treated. Jung pointed out that causality and teleology are, after all, artificial thinking patterns of scientists whose purpose is to organize observations. Various phenomena. In nature, people cannot find traces of these thinking patterns.

Jung also pointed out another practical value of doctors adopting a teleological attitude when working with patients: since the theory of cause and effect is From the perspective of the patient, the patient is a prisoner of his or her past life. Therefore, a purely causal attitude can easily arouse the sadness of resignation and despair in the patient's heart. The trauma has already been formed, and erasing the trauma caused is difficult and sometimes impossible. Impossible. The teleological posture can give the patient hope and provide him with a goal to work towards.

The principle of psychological synchronicity

In the later stages of his life, Rong. Jung proposed a principle that is neither a causal principle nor a teleological principle. Jung called this principle the principle of synchronicity. This principle is suitable for explaining those that occur at the same time but are mutually exclusive. Something that is not the cause of the other person. For example, a thought corresponds to an objective thing. Almost everyone has experienced such a coincidence when a person is thinking about another person, or that person will appear. Receive a letter from that person. Or, a person dreams that a friend or relative is sick or dies, and later hears that the friend or relative is sick or dies at the same time as the dream.

< p> Jung pointed to the vast literature on telepathy, paranormal vision, and other types of paranormal phenomena as evidence for the application of the principle of synchronicity in psychology. Jung believed that many of these situations were so when they occurred. Mysterious experiences cannot be explained by chance; on the contrary, these experiences imply that there is another order in the universe besides the order described by the theory of causality. The principle of synchronicity applies to the concept of archetypes and demonstrates that, while archetypes manifest themselves in physical form in the external world, they can also manifest themselves internally in spiritual form, rather than being the cause of two events. Rather, the occurrence of one event parallels the occurrence of another.

Jung's comment

Psychologists, especially those who work with patients. It is easy for writers to become social critics. The reason is that society's fallacies are clearly revealed, magnified, and expanded in the lives of those who need and seek psychotherapy. Jung, as we have noted before, was a passionate critic of modern society.

At some moments, Jung also had a pessimistic and world-weary mood; once his mood was low, he would express his views with bitter ridicule.

However, Jung's mood was not always so low. He worked with a large number of patients, and he tried his best to save their lives from the bottom of the abyss. He made them understand that despite their inner demons and other projection to the world, but he can still acquire a tenacious spirit and unerring judgment. Jung wrote, "The main purpose of psychiatric treatment is not to push the patient to an impossible state of happiness, but to help him gain stability and philosophical perseverance in the face of suffering. < /p>

The story of psychologist Jung

One day in early summer, a teenager was walking on the way home from school. Suddenly another teenager stepped forward and pushed him. He fell down and hit his head. He hit a stone on the side of the road, and in an instant, a thought flashed through his mind; "Now you don't have to go to school. "

After lying on the ground for a long time, he stood up and went home. He did not suffer any serious trauma, but for a period of time since then, he often fainted. After fainting many times in a row , he was allowed to go home for six months.

The doctors could not find the cause of his illness, and his parents were almost desperate, but he was happy to escape from school. I heard my father talking to a friend: “It would be so pitiful if the child’s illness cannot be cured. I've spent all my money and he won't be able to study anymore. What can we do? "

The twelve-year-old boy was shocked by his father's words. He concluded that he must study. He picked up the book and wanted to start studying, but a strong fainting attack occurred. He persisted After a few minutes, his mood began to stabilize. After overcoming three syncope attacks, he felt that he had finally completely defeated his syncope.

His efforts were almost successful. A few weeks later, he returned to school, more conscious about his studies, and his syncope never occurred again.

This incident occurred to one of the greatest psychologists of the 20th century. He later revealed that it was this experience that taught him what psychological problems were for the first time.