This book is divided into five chapters, each chapter corresponds to one of the author's five core ideas, which is also the five steps to construct structured thinking:
The first step: clear the concept and lay a good foundation;
Step 2: Set the theme according to the goal;
The third step: vertical structure stratification;
Step 4: Choose the order of transverse structure;
Step 5: Make a demonstration through image expression.
Its core idea comes from barbara minto's "The Golden Pagoda Principle", but the author has added some new ideas, paying more attention to conveying the thoughts and methods of structural thinking to the public in a more popular way from the perspective of "structural thinking".
What exactly is "structural thinking"? Structural thinking refers to the method of analyzing things comprehensively and clearly from multiple aspects from the perspective of structure, emphasizing "the first is the total, then the second is the division"
Imagine what would happen if we didn't have structured thinking:
| When solving a problem, it is difficult to grasp or miss the key elements of the problem;
| When making a decision, it is difficult to give up and hesitate;
| When writing, there is no clear theme and the structure is chaotic;
| When applying or expressing, it is difficult to express your ideas clearly in a short time;
When preaching or tutoring, the listener doesn't understand what he is teaching for the first time.
I wonder if you have won any of the above mentioned projects. What can we do to solve all the above problems? This book can help us to establish structural thinking and how to apply it to thinking and expression.
1, four basic characteristics of structural thinking
Four basic characteristics: conclusion: first, the above are unified, classified and grouped, and logically progressive, which are also the four basic principles of the golden pyramid principle. Simply put, it is four words: argumentation analogy.
First, discuss the expression steps of the conclusion;
The first step: the conclusion is in the front, indicating the point of view;
Step 2: explain the main points supporting the viewpoint ABC; Conversely;
Step 3: Summarize your point of view again.
Class: Using structural thinking to sort things out can not only improve the efficiency of thinking, but also ensure the overall effect of thinking.
2. Structured three-step receiving information
Structural thinking emphasizes that no matter when thinking and expressing, we should first divide, first frame, then detail, first importance, then reason. So how do we find the key points from the chaotic information?
Step 1: Determine the facts, reasons and conclusions in the information. This book introduces some methods to help us find opinions and conclusions.
Step 2: Find the correspondence between facts and opinions and draw a structural diagram.
Step 3: Summarize everything in one sentence.
How to set the theme according to the goal?
Three aspects: determining the goal, setting the theme and designing the preface.
1, set goals and make our expression targeted.
First of all, we should set the expression scene in advance, and different objects need to organize the corresponding content; Then make it clear what you want to achieve in this scene.
2, set the theme, let us clearly express our views.
First of all, we need to think about several questions about the theme: What kind of theme is more attractive? How to persuade others to accept the set theme?
Step 1: Determine the conclusion, a conclusion that serves the goal.
Step 2: packaging theme, a touching theme.
Three basic principles of packaging theme: simplicity, accuracy and usefulness.
3. Design the preface to make the expression more attractive.
The first step: preliminary design, improve the basic elements of the preface.
The story structure of the preface contains four elements:
S is the scene: the background that needs others to resonate.
C is conflict: identify the problems faced in this context.
Q is a question: how to solve the problem in this context.
A is the answer: the solution to the problem.
Step 2: Optimize and improve, and choose different modes as needed. ?
In this chapter, the author deeply analyzes the vertical structure of structural thinking power, including two key contents: top-down question answer decomposition and bottom-up summary aggregation, so that readers can learn the practical methods of using vertical structure to build a framework, and let us draw clear conclusions when thinking and expressing to meet each other's needs.
1, top-down-question answer decomposition
Scope of use: when the goal is clear.
Two steps:
The first step: imagine the problem, a new model from the other side's point of view.
Step 2: Answer the question, and think about the answer in advance to get twice the result with half the effort. Our answer must be a conclusion, and at the same time, each layer needs to be a conclusion.
In order to ensure that the problem is not left out, here is a trick to imagine the problem-the-5W2H principle. In fact, this principle has been mentioned in logical thinking.
The so-called 5W2H means:
2, bottom-up-summary do summary
Scope of use: when the work goal is unclear.
Three steps:
Step 1: Collect information. List all the information that can be collected.
Step 2: Classification. The principle of this link is "classification and grouping" to ensure that the ideas of the same group belong to the same category.
The third step: summary. Through the following viewpoints, each classification can be summarized into a conclusion, and of course, it can continue to be summarized until the top of the pyramid structure and reach the final conclusion.
Of course, sometimes these two methods need to be combined to accomplish our task super efficiently.
In this chapter, the author mainly discusses how to solve the problems of "classification and grouping" and "logical progression" in each group of thoughts. Here I introduce two methods: deduction and induction, which are also two common ways of thinking in mathematics.
1, deductive method
Deduction is an argument and reasoning method to understand individual and special phenomena from general theoretical knowledge. That is what we often call "syllogism", that is, major premise, minor premise and conclusion. What we need to pay attention to is the horizontal relationship between the three elements.
Scope of use: when you need to convince the other party.
2, induction
Induction is a method of summarizing general concepts, principles or conclusions from many individual things.
Scope of use: when the other party pays attention to the solution.
There are three subsequences in the inductive structure, and the same tasks can be classified in different ways according to time, structure and importance.
This chapter is practical, and the author shows us the application of structural thinking in oral expression, written expression and demonstration.
1, selling point packaging-making ideas easy to remember
(1) analogy: packaging through image or behavior analogy.
(2) Quoting: packaging by quoting advertisements, songs or famous sayings.
(3) Integration: packaging by integrating colors, characters and numbers.
2, image expression-make the presentation more effective
The author suggests that when we conceive, we can stay away from the computer, take out a pen and paper and draw what we want, so that we can look at the overall situation, sort out our ideas and present these contents in the form of pyramid structure. If we regard every page of PPT as a task and demonstrate analogy with four characteristics that conform to structural thinking, then what we want to convey will surely win the approval of others.
Summary: This book not only introduces us to the methodological knowledge about structural thinking, but also adds case analysis behind every important knowledge point, which makes us understand each content more vividly and intuitively. Of course, you can't show everything here. You have to read it yourself to get more valuable content for yourself.