To understand these two words, we must understand the origin of museums.
Museums are a cultural phenomenon in human society. To put it bluntly, the origin is that people collect treasures, which can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. At that time, it was called "mouseion", which means the place where the muse was worshipped.
In the 3rd century BC, the Ptolemaic dynasty established a mouseion in Alexandria Palace, which contained some treasures of Aristotle's Academy, but it belonged to a consortium composed of research institutions, libraries and colleges.
In Roman times, the private collections of the royal family and nobles began to flourish, and some even built showrooms for people to watch.
In the Middle Ages, some European cathedrals had special treasure rooms, which were mainly used to preserve and display rare objects and relics.
14-16th century, during the European Renaissance, many manuscripts of Greek works, sculptures of ancient Rome, and looting of colonial treasures were discovered, which contributed to the emergence of museums to some extent. These collections are the foundation and core of modern museums.
1789 The French Revolution overthrew the Bourbon Dynasty, and a large number of European art treasures became state-owned, so the government ordered the establishment of the Central Art Museum in the Louvre and officially opened it to the public. Subsequently, European countries have established national museums. Private museums have also been opened. Thus, the process of museum socialization began.
By the19th century, museums have become very common in European and American countries, and they are institutions that collect, preserve, display and study human cultural heritage.
After World War II, the number of museums around the world increased rapidly, and new types emerged constantly. Museums have become an important part of education and cultural services in various countries and one of the important places for tourism and international exchanges.
At that time, many museums were mainly divided into three categories: art, history and science museums. Among them, the art museum mainly displays the aesthetic value of the collection, such as paintings and sculptures, as well as folk customs, primitive and modern art. History Museum, which displays the collection from a historical perspective. The science and technology museum is mainly a natural science and practical science and technology museum.
Finally, the word mouseion evolved into English "museum", which means the general name of the above places.
What does this word have to do with China?
/kloc-The late 20th century coincides with the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement, and those China people who have been to the West advocate the introduction of "museums".
At this time, there was a problem. What is the Chinese name of "Museum"?
It is not illegal to call it anything. Everyone must have his own understanding, such as the Antique Library, Wanzhong Garden, Jibao Academy, Miracle Museum, Bo Gu Academy, Exhibition Hall and so on.
Some representative names, such as Wang Tao, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, described the Louvre Museum in France as a "museum" in his essay roaming. "China became the first person in the world in modern times" Huang Zunxian came to the Japanese museum as a "museum" in Japanese miscellaneous poems.
1905, industrialist Zhang Jian founded Nantong Museum, the first modern museum in China, which opened a new era of modern museums in China.
The period of the Republic of China was the first peak of the development of China Museum. In the mid-1930s, there were nearly 80 museums in China. At that time, the Chinese names of "museums" were varied.
But there are still a few people who call it "museum" and "museum". They are equal. At that time, when discussing the name, we only paid attention to functionality and didn't care about the difference between "museum" and "hospital".
1930, the national government used the term "domestic museum" in the Antiquities Preservation Law, and "museum" became a general term to some extent; 1935 "China Museum Association" was established, and "Museum" was chosen as its name.
National Cultural Heritage Administration was founded after 1949. In the subsequent forum, the nature, function and significance of the museum were basically established. At this time, the general term "museum" was adopted.
1982 the promulgation of the law on the protection of cultural relics used the name of "museum", and finally "museum" became a general term recognized in words.
In fact, there is no difference between museums and museums in essence, but their functions are the same, such as the collection and preservation of cultural relics and specimens, as well as scientific research and exhibitions. Moreover, the management of museum institutions in our country is only different in nature, classification and grading, and there is no distinction between museums and museums.
As for some folk sayings, such as the museum is bigger than the museum, the grade is higher, and the dean is higher than the curator, it is a misunderstanding and not an authoritative statement in the industry.
Generally speaking, you can take "museum" as another name for "museum". Some people say that Beijing Palace Museum and Nanjing Museum are what's going on? Quite simply, this kind of museum just follows the name of the Republic of China. Some "museums" were renamed as "museums", and many of them were newly built or merged with the old ones just to show a new look.