Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, May 18, 1872 - February 2, 1970) He is one of the most influential philosophers, mathematicians and logicians of the 20th century. He is also an active political activist and is committed to the popularization and popularization of philosophy. Countless people regard Russell as a prophet of this era, but at the same time many of Russell's political positions are very controversial. He was born in 1872, when the British Empire was at its peak, and died in 1970, when Britain had experienced two world wars and its empire had declined. In 1950, Russell won the Nobel Prize for Literature in recognition of his "diverse and important writings and his continued pursuit of humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."