Shi (189 1 ~ 1962), formerly known as Hu Hong (), whose word is Smecta, whose name is Xijiang, was later renamed Shi, a native of Jixi, Anhui. Modern scholars, historians, writers and philosophers. He is famous for advocating the May 4th literary revolution. Professor Peking University, President Peking University, Dean of the Central Research Institute of Taiwan Province Regional Leaders, etc. A few years ago, there was a man. In the early days of the founding of the United States, there was a famous saying "Give me liberty or give me death" (originally 1775 Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death"). Does China have a similar statement? I said, I remember it, but I can't remember who said it at the moment. I accidentally bought a photocopy of Notes on Sleepiness today, and I picked it up in 17 yesterday. Fan Wenzheng's "Ode to Lingniao" said: "It is better to die than to live." His words can establish Confucianism. "When Ning Ming died, he was born in silence." At that time, he often mentioned the freedom of protest. Now we call it freedom of speech. Fan Zhongyan was born in 989 and died in 1052. He has been dead for 903 years. He wrote "Ode to Lingniao" in response to Mei's "Ode to Lingniao", which was about three years (1036). At that time, he was relegated with Ouyang Xiu, Yu Jing and others because of his words. This is 740 years earlier than Henry Burleigh's sentence "Give me liberty or give me death". This can also be specially recorded as a story in the history of China's struggle for freedom. Mei, Chen Yaoren, was born in Gregorian calendar -003 and died in 106 1 year. He devoted himself to "Ode to the Spirit Bird", which was originally given to Fan Zhongyan to persuade his friends not to say much. ..... The point of view and words of this poem are not brilliant ... Fan Zhongyan wrote "The Poem of Lingniao", and said in an orderly way: Mei Yu wrote a poem, but he didn't despise me, but sent it as a good poem. Make peace with encouragement. Several senses have the same meaning, but in different ways. Because this Fu is an important document for ancient philosophers in China to strive for freedom, I will write a few more notes: Lingniao, Lingniao is a bird, why not fly high and live far away? What is a bugle? Tell people good, bad and angry! Fang will fold his wings and cook himself, and he will regret it and die. If he is mute, please guess correctly and bear with it again: I am born with yin and yang, and I am worried about the exposure of heaven and earth. A loving mother's dangerous nest depends on her master's good tree ..... Mother bow is difficult, Lord. Spring breeze makes me proud, and I am eager to go to Jun as soon as possible. Think about the significance of the report. Silence or difference: the worry of form. Worried that it won't burn. People who know me are lucky first. People who don't know me are fierce or something. So, if you tell me, it will be a disaster for you, and if you don't tell me, it will be a disaster for others. I am ashamed of the grace or forgetfulness of the Lord. Even if you die, it's a precaution. Also by mulberry demon to court, fear and Xiu De as king. The pheasant was blamed on Ding, and Xiu De was afraid, which made the king prosperous. Tiande is very fascinated, and people say that they are sick! He wanted to sound like a phoenix, but he also laughed at Chu Kuang. He is the unicorn of the world. See hurt Lu people again. Is the wind ridiculous and ineffective? Are our injuries merciless? So cut roll, who is the magic weapon? Who's Ying Qiong? Ningming died, but he was born silently! If Hu doesn't learn from the mice in big warehouse, why should he be kind and fat? Canggou is exhausted, and I will come back safely! If you don't learn from the fox in a deserted city, why should you be proud of your righteousness? The city is harsh, so I depend on it! ..... I am also diligent in my mother's self-discipline, and I love my master's self-discipline. What people say is true. It's natural to be speechless. This is a declaration on freedom of speech made by a China politician more than 900 years ago. There are two sentences in "Fu": "I'm worried about being invisible, but I'm afraid of being lifeless". Ten years later (1046), that is, one year after his last demotion, Gong Fan wrote The Story of Yueyang Tower, which fully developed into his most famous passage: My husband, I should seek the heart of the ancient benevolent ... I don't like things, I don't care about myself, I am the tallest in the temple. Do we have to say "the first worry in the world, the first joy in the world"? Wes, who are we going home with? At present, when Song Renzong was an official with Han Qi and Fu Bi for three years (1043), he once sent them a letter, asking them to "serve their country wholeheartedly and have no scruples". Fan Zhongyan has Ten Answers to Chen. In the introduction, he said: China is the richest country in the world, which lasted for 80 years. Discipline system, Japanese invasion of the moon, officials trapped in the next, people trapped outside, barbarians arrogant, bandits rampant, to save ... this is his warning in the so-called "Qingli Shengshi". Among these ten things, there is a "first-class tribute"-this thing, he said: ..... The country is committed to recruiting scholars through ci and fu, while scholars in Mo Yi are generous and follow the road. Although there are many people, those who seek knowledge have knowledge. How can we save the world from danger and lack of people? If you care about teaching economic talents, you can save them. Or is there no way to recover the disadvantage? I said that the four seas are not over yet, and I am planning the evening. I can help you. The banquet was not saved, and it was once in chaos. ..... This was a warning 83 years before the fall of the Central Plains. This is what Fan Zhongyan said: "Worry about its shapelessness and fear that it will not be blazing"; This is what he called "worrying about the world first." Judging from the most enlightened intellectual tradition in China, the freedom of speech and remonstration is a kind of "self-bearing", so there is a saying that "I would rather die than speak". From the standpoint of the state and the government, freedom of speech can encourage everyone to say, "I'm worried about the unformed, but I'm afraid of the uncreative" instead of the cliché that young people sing hymns and advocate peace every day.

Fan Zhongyan is two years old and lonely, and his mother is poor and helpless. He lives in the Zhu family in Changshan. Because he grew up, he knew his family, tore up his mother, went to Du Nan, and went to school. Study hard day and night and sleep without taking off your clothes for five years. If the night is dark, the water will drown your face. I often eat porridge (please read it together, I can't find its pronunciation, please let me know when you find it). Take the "Six Classics" as the purpose and aim at the world. I often say to myself: "Scholars worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." Yueyang Tower: Fan Zhongyan celebrated the fourth spring, Teng and Shou Baling County. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything went smoothly. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it. It belongs to (zhǔ) to (yú) Write a composition and remember it. Yu (fú) Baling wins the case in Dongting Lake. Holding the distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River and making endless soup (shāng); It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. What the predecessors said was to come prepared (yǐ). But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang, and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things well. Husband fornication (yín) rainy (fēi), the moon does not open, the evil wind howls (háo), and the waves are cloudy and empty; Sun stars are hidden (Yao) and mountains are hidden (Qi á n); If business travel is not good, it will be ruined. Twilight is boundless, tigers roar and apes crow. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. If it is spring, the waves are quiet, the sky is up and down, the sky is clear (qǐng), Ji Xiang, Sha Ou, and you Jinlian; On shore, ZH (ZH ǐ) TΡ ng (Tο ng) is blue and green (jοng). Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy! Oh, honey! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live far in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will it be fun (yé)? Do we have to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"? Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?

Because of Fan Zhongyan's strict military discipline and emphasis on reducing the burden on the border people, the defense forces in the Northern Song Dynasty were strengthened. Xixia and the northern song dynasty fought for several years, and they didn't get any benefits. By AD 1043, Yuan Hao, the Lord of Xixia Kingdom, was willing to surrender to the throne and make peace. The Song Dynasty promised to give Xixia a batch of silver silk and tea every year, and the border situation in the Northern Song Dynasty was temporarily stable. Fan Zhongyan was not only a strategist, but also a famous politician and writer in Song Dynasty. He is from Wuxian, Suzhou. His father died when he was a child. Because his family was poor, his mother had to send him to another family named Zhu. Fan Zhongyan grew up in a very difficult environment. He lives in a temple and studies. He is so poor that he can't even eat three meals. He has to cook some gruel every day to satisfy his hunger, but he still studies hard by himself. Sometimes I study until midnight, so tired that I can't open my eyes, so I pour cold water on my face and wait until the tiredness disappears before continuing my study. After studying so hard for five or six years, I finally became a very learned person. Fan Zhongyan used to be an admonition officer in the imperial court. Seeing that Prime Minister Lv Yijian abused his power and appointed a private person, he boldly exposed it to Injong. This incident angered Lv Yijian, and Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan made friends and provoked the relationship between the monarch and the minister. Song Renzong listened to Lv Yijian and demoted Fan Zhongyan to the south. It was not until after the Xixia War that he was transferred to Shaanxi. Fan Zhongyan made great contributions to the Battle of Song and Xia Dynasties, and Song Renzong felt that he was really a talent. At this time, due to internal corruption and huge military expenses and reparations in the wars with Liao and Xixia, the Song Dynasty fell into financial panic. Song Renzong transferred Fan Zhongyan from Shaanxi to Beijing and appointed him as Deputy Prime Minister. As soon as Fan Zhongyan returned to Beijing, Song Renzong summoned him and asked him to put forward the strategy of governing the country. Fan Zhongyan knew that there were too many ills in the imperial court, and it was impossible to get rid of them at once, and he was prepared to step by step. However, unable to withstand Song Renzong's repeated urging, he put forward ten reform measures, the main contents of which are as follows: First, the official history must be regularly assessed and promoted according to political achievements; Second, strictly restrict the minister's children to rely on their father's relationship; Third, reform the imperial examination system; Fourth, carefully select and appoint local governors. There are also several suggestions, such as advocating planting mulberry, reducing labor force, strengthening armaments and strictly enforcing laws and regulations. Song Renzong is eager for reform. Fan Zhongyan read the plan and immediately approved the implementation of these ten reform measures throughout the country. Historically, this reform was called "Qingli New Deal" ("Li Qing" is the title of Song Renzong). In order to carry out the New Deal, Fan Zhongyan first discussed with Han Qi and other ministers the candidates assigned to various places (Lu is the name of the administrative division in the Song Dynasty) as supervisors. On one occasion, Fan Zhongyan examined a list of official invigilators and found that there were people who were corrupt and perverted the law, so he raised his pen and ticked off his name, ready to replace it. Fu Bi, sitting next to him, couldn't bear it. He said to Fan Zhongyan, "Gong Fan, your hook made the whole family cry." Fan Zhongyan said seriously: "If you don't let your family cry, you will make people cry along the way (the road is the name of the Northern Song Dynasty administrative region)." Hearing this, Fu Bi was beaming and admired Fan Zhongyan's insight. When Fan Zhongyan's New Deal was implemented, it was like stirring up a hornet's nest. Some royalty, powerful ministers and corrupt officials began to make trouble, spread rumors and attack the New Deal. Some ministers who were originally dissatisfied with Fan Zhongyan spoke ill of Song Renzong every day, saying that some people of Fan Zhongyan made friends and abused their power. Song Renzong wavered when he saw many people opposed it. Fan Zhongyan was forced to stay in Beijing, so he automatically asked to go back to Shaanxi to guard the border and was sent away by Song Renzong. As soon as Fan Zhongyan left, Song Renzong ordered the abolition of the New Deal. Fan Zhongyan dealt a great blow to the political reform, but he was not upset by his personal experience. A year later, Teng Zongliang, an old friend of his, became an official in Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan), built the Yueyang Tower, a local scenic spot, and asked Fan Zhongyan to write a commemorative article. Fan Zhongyan wrote The Story of Yueyang Tower. In that famous article, Fan Zhongyan mentioned that a person with lofty political ambitions should "worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" (meaning "worry about the world first, then enjoy the world"). These two famous sayings have been passed down to later generations, and Yueyang Tower is more famous for Fan Zhongyan's articles.

Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but for inspiration, he often goes to the nearby Liquan Temple in Changbai Mountain for boarding study and reads satirical recitations in the morning and evening. His persistent spirit of reading films left a deep impression on monks: at that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a pot of thick porridge every day, cools it, cuts it into four pieces, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes a few pickles and half a jar of vinegar juice, and continues to study after eating. Later generations have the reputation of cutting pigs with porridge, but he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy in books to find his own fun.

In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, led tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir. The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled, and the officials panicked. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He saw with interest Teng Zongliang, a friend of the same year beside him. Zong Liang is quietly commenting on a standing levee. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful to Fan Zhongyan, the county magistrate of Xinghua, for his achievements, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan. Today, Xinghua still has a site of Gong Fan Temple, which is remembered by the elders.

Fan Zhongyan has been ill since childhood and has suffered from lung disease in recent years. Soon, his wife Li also died in Raozhou. Mei, a poet friend who served as a county magistrate nearby, gave him a poem "Lingwu Fu" and told him that his many outspoken remarks in North Korea were regarded as ominous crows. I wish him nothing but eating and drinking in the past, just flying high. Fan Zhongyan immediately replied a poem "Lingwu Fu". He replied that no matter how much people hate the crow's dumb voice, I died in Ningming and was born silently!

Fan Zhongyan had nothing to do when he was a local official in Yizhou. One day, he took his colleagues and subordinates to a high-rise building for a banquet. He didn't raise his glass to drink. When he saw several people in Pima Dai Xiao building burial utensils, he was not very angry, but quickly sent someone to ask them. It turned out that a scholar who lived in Yizhou died and was going to be buried in the suburbs, but the coffin, grave and other funerary objects have not yet landed. Fan Zhongyan listened to the sadness behind him, immediately withdrew from the banquet and gave the bereaved a considerable sum of money to let them finish the funeral. Some guests at the party were moved to tears.