Major scientific and technological invention of the 20th century

Steam engine: promoted the development of the entire industrial revolution

Traditional horsepower or water power cannot provide the power needed for the industrial revolution. The steam engine The development of energy has brought a more efficient and powerful power to the world. Although the ancients had already begun exploring this aspect in the 2nd century BC, it was not until Watt's steam engine came on the market that the commercial value of the steam engine was truly opened. Many historians consider the development of the steam engine to be one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution, as it led to the development of the metallurgy, coal mining, and textile industries. The emergence of the steam engine and the mechanization of the textile industry increased the amount of iron used in industry. Since Britain is rich in iron ore and coal mines, the increase in demand stimulated improvements in iron smelting technology and coal mining, while accelerating the pace of industrialization. The steam engine train that appeared in 1804 and the steam engine ship that appeared in 1807 greatly improved transportation conditions and assisted the development of the Industrial Revolution.

Telephone: Opening a new chapter in the history of human communication

"Mr. Watson, please come here immediately, I need help!" This is Alexander, the inventor of the telephone, on March 10, 1876 ·The first sentence successfully transmitted by Bell through the telephone, the telephone was born, and the history of human communication opened a new chapter.

Humanity’s dream of wireless communication was realized in 1973 in New York, USA. At that time, the world's first practical mobile phone was large in size and weighed 1.9 kilograms. It was a veritable "big brother". Today, 26 years later, the world's smallest mobile phone was born. It is only as big as a pager and much lighter than the first generation mobile phone.

1964 was another important turning point in the history of human communication. In the summer of this year, thousands of viewers around the world watched the live broadcast of the Tokyo Olympics in Japan via satellite for the first time. This is the first time in human history that people can watch events thousands of miles away at the same time through TV screens. In addition to sighing at the wonderful and spectacular opening ceremony and various competitions of the Olympic Games, people are also amazed at the progress of science and technology. This is all thanks to the geostationary satellite invented by Harold Rosen.

In the summer of 1969, the prototype of the international Internet appeared in the United States. It consisted of four computer websites, one at the University of California and the other three in Nevada. In 1972, experimenters sent the first email on the experimental network for the first time, which marked the beginning of the integration of the international Internet with communications. In the 1990s, the international Internet began to be used for commercial purposes. In 1995, the development of the Internet reached its first climax, and this year was called the International Year of the Internet. Driven by the wave of electronic commerce, the impact of the international Internet on human society will be even more profound in the 21st century.

Cars: Carrying the Times forward

Cars have changed the entire transportation situation of mankind, and owning the automobile industry has become a symbol of every powerful industrial country.

The automobile has gone through such a history: in 1771, the Frenchman Guineau designed a steam engine tricycle; in 1860, the French Renault manufactured a car engine fueled by coal gas; in 1885, the German Ford and Daimler each completed a locomotive equipped with a high-speed gasoline engine and a three-wheeled vehicle equipped with a two-stroke gasoline engine, and successfully commercialized them; in 1908, the American Ford used a flow-type production line to mass-produce low-price, high-safety, A fast Model T car. The popularization of automobiles began; in 1912, Cadillac launched an electronic ignition starter, which made women fall in love with automobiles; in 1926, Daimler-Benz, the world's first automobile manufacturing company, was established; in 1934, the A front-wheel drive car was launched; in 1940, the war caused many car manufacturers to cease production, and European car manufacturers began to turn to the production of military vehicles; in the 1950s, Germany's Volvo's shell sedan became the most popular car once it was launched; in 1970 In 2000, Japanese cars became popular in Asia. Toyota, Honda, Mitsubishi and Nissan's ultra-high-tech small cars invaded the European and American markets, rewriting the monopoly situation of European and American brands.

In fact, the invention of the automobile has greatly improved human mobility, broadened human horizons and pursued freedom in the 20th century. Of course, the development of the automobile industry has also brought about problems such as the road network occupying land resources, air pollution and high fares, but in any case, cars do carry mankind forward and move forward.

Television: the "devil" created by human beings themselves

Modern people can go a day without eating or drinking water, but they cannot go a day without TV.

The idea and theory of television appeared as early as 1870. In 1884, German inventor Paul Nipkow designed a fully perforated "scanning disk". When the disk rotates, the small holes break the scene into small dots, and these small dots are then converted into electrical signals. A receiver at one end recombines the signal into a crude image that is identical to the original image. In 1926, Scotsman John Baymond built an imaging camera using Nipkow's "big disc".

The real producers of TVs with stable pictures were Vladimir Zorikin, who immigrated to the United States from Russia, and Philo Farnsworth, who was born in Utah, USA.

At the 1939 World's Fair, the world's first truly clear television was launched, and television was truly born.

Moon landing: a big step in the history of human spaceflight

American astronaut Neil Armstrong famously said when he landed on the moon: "For a person, this is only a small step; for a person, it is only a small step; "This is a big step forward for mankind" is firmly engraved in the hearts of people on earth.

At 4 pm on July 20, 1969, 500 million TV viewers around the world saw the "Dark" picture. A voice from outer space came from deep in the picture: "Houston, this is the Sea of ??Tranquility." Base, the Eagle module has landed!" Next, the two astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin on the American "Apollo 11" moon landing spacecraft asked the Houston Space Center: "We don't want to rest for four hours, we want to land right away. "Moon." Houston replied: "Agree to go to the moon immediately!" Then, with his back facing outward, Armstrong slowly began to climb down the nine-step ladder. 500 million people around the world saw this scene.

The moon landing is indeed a major advancement in human aerospace technology, because as Colonel Cernan, the last man to land on the moon, said: "Looking at the earth from the moon, I can't see any national borders. I feel that the earth is a whole, and my whole mind is broadened."

Computers: Hope for the Future of Humanity

On February 4, 1946, the U.S. military and government departments. representatives and famous scientists crowded into a room at the University of Pennsylvania. When an army general gently pressed the button, the machine that occupied three entire walls immediately lit up. People applauded warmly and cheered loudly: "ENIAC is alive!" and congratulated Chief Engineer Eckert. "ENIAC" is the world's first computer.

Genes: Cracking the Eternal Code of Life

More than 10 years ago, the scientific community predicted that the 21st century would be a century of genetic engineering. What is the main history of human genetic engineering? In 1866, the Austrian geneticist Father Mendel discovered the genetic rules of organisms; in 1868, the Swiss biologist Friedrich discovered that there are two parts in the nucleus: acidic and protein. The acidic part became what became known as DNA; in 1882, when studying salamander cells, German embryologist Walter Fleming discovered that the nucleus contained a large number of divided linear objects, which later became chromosomes; in 1944, American researchers proved that DNA is the genetic material of most organisms, not protein; in 1953, American biochemist Watson and British physicist Crick announced that they had discovered the double helix of DNA, laying the foundation for genetic engineering. Basics; in 1980, the first genetically modified mouse was born; in 1996, the first cloned sheep was born; in 1999, American scientists deciphered the sequencing map of the 22nd group of human genes; future plans are based on genetic maps Targeted medication is given to relevant illnesses.

Answer: Yan Yanwu - Chief Operating Officer Level 13 12-17 17:53

1. Atomic bomb

August 1945, destroying the earth The Bodora box was opened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. At that time, the international powers only wanted to overwhelm each other with this extremely powerful and lethal weapon of destruction. The United States first successfully tested an explosion in New Mexico in July 1945, followed by the Soviet Union in 1949, the United Kingdom in 1952, France in 1960, and China in 1964.

2. Space Shuttle

In 1959, the Soviet Union’s unmanned spacecraft successfully landed on the moon for the first time and took back a large number of photos. The United States' Apollo moon landing in the late 1960s was the first step for mankind to set foot on a planet beyond the earth. Since then, the United States has gradually left the Soviet Union behind in terms of space exploration. After the emergence of the space shuttle, the chance of success for humans to travel to outer space has been greatly improved. Scientists predict that humans will carry out outer space travel after 2000 AD.

3. Television

In 1923, the picture tube, the soul of television, was born. Television technology was widely used in the 1940s, and the era of color television was ushered in in 1954. After the 1960s, most countries have established television stations. This square box has created countless happy moments for mankind.

4. Artificial Satellite

The first artificial satellite was successfully test-launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, followed by the American Explorer 1 on October 1, 1958. The test was successful on March 31. From then on, more and more of these artificial satellites that orbited with the rotation of the earth were floating outside the atmosphere. Artificial satellites were originally used in military technology, and later gradually evolved into a family of satellites with different purposes such as communication, mapping, detection, and meteorology.

5. Aspirin

As early as the 15th century, Greek doctors used the powder ground from willow bark as the ancestor of the herbal version of aspirin. By the end of the century, this formula for relieving body pain received unprecedented attention. The "aspirin" trademark created by the German pharmaceutical company Bayer became the exclusive pronoun for this prescription. In the increasingly busy modern society of the 20th century, Aspirin Spirin, the white, round tablet, played an integral role.

6． Civil Aviation Passenger Aircraft

Airplanes, an essential means of transportation for international travel in modern life, are mostly commercial passenger aircraft modified from military transport aircraft. In 1949, the first commercial passenger aircraft flew over Europe with 36 passengers, opening a new page in the civil aviation century. Today, the transportation market has an increasing demand for air travel, and civil aviation has become one of the most convenient means of transportation for people

7. Personal Computers

The first revolution started by computers The three revolutions completely changed the way people work and think. In the late 1970s, computer manufacturers began to develop smaller personal computers. By the early 1980s, popular computer consumer products were on the market. Personal computers accelerate the pace of social digitization, and almost every aspect of society is completely infected by computers. No one can refuse computers to enter their lives.

8． Mobile phones

Once the exclusive equipment of big brothers in heroic movies, the "big brother" has become a private communication method for people during outdoor activities. The development of the global economy has made mobile communications one of the hottest industries in recent years. The convenience of mobile phones to communicate anytime and anywhere has also changed the traditional way of communication between people.

9. Cloning sheep

In early 1997, British scientists successfully gave birth to a lamb without a father. This pioneering work demonstrated that it would be possible for humans to create a lamb by methods other than natural methods. life. Cloning sheep is undoubtedly an unprecedented step in biotechnology, but it involves human moral concepts. But it is a difficult problem that science cannot sort out.

10 Internet

The most primitive computer network was originally just a connection between different computer hosts in college laboratories. When this technology only required connections through simple modems and telephone lines, When it became available to people, the Internet instantly became the most influential invention at the end of the century. The new information dissemination model created by the Internet is quickly affecting more and more levels. Email, online shopping, online dating, etc. are redefining and shaping the Internet. As long as people have a thin telephone line, they can connect the whole world in their hands.

Answer: happy4938 - Magic Apprentice Level 12-17 19:01

In the 20th century, one of the great impacts that communication technology has had on human society is the use of communication technology to Many computers are linked together to form the Internet, the Internet. The emergence of the Internet has completely changed our living space. Speaking of the Internet, it is a great invention after the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer. Computers around the world can be connected through the Internet to communicate or share information resources. Wireless phones, coupled with the Internet, are the primary means of communication for the entire planet. The Internet is the world's largest electronic computer network. Its formation enables computers to not only process information, but also obtain and transmit information. Its rapid development has a profound impact on global politics, economy, culture and other fields. The Internet is currently considered the prototype or predecessor of the global "information highway".

Internet is translated into Chinese, and some are translated into Internet, international network, Internet, etc. The name Internet is used here. The origin of the Internet is the United States. The origin of the Internet in the United States can be traced back to 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the first artificial earth satellite Spunik 1 with a rocket. At that time, the Soviet Union launched an artificial earth satellite before the United States, making the United States The government and opposition parties were greatly stimulated to comprehensively review the country's science and technology policies and education in order to catch up. At that time, US President Eisenhower decided to establish an agency to develop science and technology, called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency). It was this agency that later provided funding to establish the earliest Internet, called APRANET.

The Internet provides users with an efficient working environment, and computer terminals connected to the network can access various information materials

The Internet has developed into a world-wide mega-network, which was originally used to Universities exchange scientific research information between universities, but later everyone was more interested in its email function (E-mail). That is to say, everyone is more interested in using the Internet to transmit all kinds of information, including private information. Back when the Internet could only transmit text messages, people who had access to the Internet used it to discuss various issues. Now it has become an important operating system. It was at that time that Computer programmers scattered around the world discuss and hand over their research results through the Internet, gradually forming a complete operating system.

The World Wide Web (WWW) with multimedia functions later emerged on the Internet. Its original purpose was to allow nuclear physicists around the world to share research data from the European Institute for Particle Physics (CERN). As a result, the people who were most interested in the World Wide Web were ordinary Internet users. At this time, personal computers were becoming more and more powerful, and cheap ones already had multimedia functions, which meant that everyone was ready to use the World Wide Web. Therefore, the World Wide Web has more and more users, allowing users to connect to the Internet through telephone lines on a timed basis.

The development of computer network is extremely rapid, and the era of global networking has arrived

Because the methods used by the Internet are simple and easy to use, the required information can be found quickly, and because Everyone is accustomed to the methods used by the Internet, so now the internal network of enterprises also uses the method of the Internet, which is called an Intranet.

The Internet plays a huge role in the development of distance education, interpersonal communication and computer development. The combination of multimedia and the Internet enables "interactive" communication, which in turn triggers a new media revolution. The emergence of the Internet has also given rise to many new things, such as online marriage, online shopping, online universities, etc.