Niè pán, a Buddhist term, is transliterated in Sanskrit, which is nirvā? First, the old translations of "Nigen" and "Nihuan". Free translation is immortal. Is the central idea of Buddhism.

Master Lv Hui revealed:

Buddhism, the highest principle we pursue is called nirvana. Nirvana translates as eternal life, which means that we should face the world with this heart, a wise heart and a liberated heart. What is eternal life? It means that anything increases, but you can't feel it, and anything decreases, so you don't consider reducing it, because these phases are just images of the heart, and there is no material to get. Simply put, Nirvana means no phase, no phase, no increase, no subtraction, no right and wrong. Simply put, Nirvana means complete absolute wisdom without falling into opposition. Absolute is absolute, just like vanity can contain everything, which is what we should pursue when studying Buddhism and Taoism. We live in every minute of the phenomenal world with a wise heart, in other words, we live in every minute of the phenomenal world with a chest as big as vanity. This is what we want to pursue. Every minute of it slowly enters, neither increasing nor decreasing, neither coming nor going, neither living nor dying. Then we will gradually understand what nirvana is, which is the best principle and field we pursue in Buddhism. In other words, everyone and all sentient beings are Buddhists and will eventually enter nirvana, but those with karma will mature earlier when they encounter Buddhism, and those without karma will encounter Buddhism. So look at personal karma and personal blessings, but ah, with a little wisdom, Nirvana can always live a very happy life, without birth and death, without filth, without increase or decrease, without coming and going, without life and death, without increase or decrease, without opposition.

Nothing becomes absolute wisdom and absolute tolerance, then there will be no war of absolute tolerance for people, society and the country. Then people will live a happy life. If a person knows the nature of nirvana, no matter where he goes, he is so humiliated, so serene and serene, even if he sleeps at night, he will not have nightmares. This is what Buddhist disciples should actively pursue, that is, nirvana wisdom and bodhicitta.

Intercepted from the copy of Seeking the Method edited by Master Lv Hui.

Nirvana is the central idea of Buddhism, which means the realm of liberation from immortality and physical and mental silence. If you leave nirvana, Buddhism is just like the secular law of life and death, which can only be called to persuade the good, but you can't understand that the cause is empty, the fruit is empty, and it is not because it is not profound. It is a serious misunderstanding that unbelievers will die of nirvana. If death is the beginning of another life, as it says, isn't it life and death? All beings often suffer from reincarnation because of karma, so they can't help themselves. Only the Buddha is dead. If he dies, he will not be reborn, and if he is not born, he will not die. This promise is called the most precious thing in Buddhism. Everyone is afraid of death, because there are solutions to other things in the world, except death, which is beyond discussion. In real life, saints are beyond things, that is, the mind of nirvana and immortality. As the saying goes, "Don't dye the six dust to protect the door, don't dream of nirvana", that's heresy, and realizing yourself is nirvana. There is no distance between life and death and nirvana, only in the present. If you realize that nature, life and death and nirvana are all unattainable. We don't create life and death, that is, great nirvana; If you seek great nirvana, you create life and death.

Sanskrit nirva and Pali nibbna, also known as Nihuan, Niyue, Nirvana and Li Ni Panna, rank in the south? Bound? . Free translation means death, silence, extinction, silence and lifelessness. Synonymous with words such as selective extinction, separation and liberation. Or general nirvana (generally, the transliteration of Sanskrit pari, the complete meaning, the free translation is death), general nirvana (great, that is, the meaning of extraordinary victory. There was another great silence. Originally refers to blowing out, or the state of blowing out; The latter refers to the burning of the fire of trouble, and the realization of wisdom (namely Bodhi) is completed. This is beyond the realm of life and death, and it is also the ultimate practical purpose of Buddhism. Therefore, it is listed as one of France and India to express the characteristics of Buddhism and is called "Nirvana Silence". Although sects other than Buddhism also have nirvana theory, it is very different from Buddhists. Buddhist Mahayana and Hinayana have different interpretations of Nirvana. Generally speaking, it can be very different as follows: (1) According to Buddhism, nirvana is a state of eliminating troubles. Among them, there are two kinds of nirvana: Nirvana and Nirvana. The former is the situation that the body (meaning that rest depends on the body, abbreviated as "Yu Yi" or "Yu") still exists despite troubles. The latter is a state of destruction, that is, everything is destroyed. Some people think that Nirvana is an existing entity, while the Ministry of Economic Affairs regards Nirvana as a pseudonym of a state of endless troubles, but it has no entity itself. (2) In China's theory, reality is nirvana, and reality is the emptiness of law caused by karma, so it is no different from life and death. At the same time, Nanben Nirvana Sutra III points out that Nirvana has the following eight flavors, namely constancy, constancy, stability, purity, immortality, purity and happiness, which are called Nirvana Eight Flavors. If this is matched with the four virtues of nirvana, constancy will not become the norm, peace and happiness will be joy, immortality will be for me, and purity will be pure. Only those who know the Sect say that there are four kinds of nirvana, namely, sexual purity nirvana, surplus purity nirvana, surplus purity nirvana and no dwelling nirvana. Among them, it originated from the pure nirvana of sex, which is called the pure nirvana of sex. It means that the true nature of everything is the body of truth, which means truth. Nirvana with nowhere to live means relying on wisdom, staying away from troubles and obstacles of knowledge, not staying in the mystery of life and death, and helping all beings because of great compassion, so moving in the mystery and not staying in nirvana. The nirvana theory of Mahayana Buddhism is characterized by this. In addition, there are two kinds of nirvana: sexual nirvana and convenient nirvana (nirvana obtained by removing troubles through monasticism). Tiantai Sect is divided into sexual net nirvana, round net nirvana (equivalent to the convenient net nirvana of land Sect) and convenient net nirvana (Buddha saves all beings from death, reveals their false bodies and finally enters nirvana). Also known as adaptation of nirvana) and other three Nirvana. (3) The voice of Hinayana, the feeling of nirvana, and then the teaching of Mahayana, making a living without rest. At the same time, Nirvana is detached from all phases, so it is also called detachment. The pure land Sect called the pure land of Mituo the city of nirvana, also known as the nirvana realm of inaction. (4) The death of a Buddha who appeared in this world as a human being (especially the Buddha) is called nirvana, general nirvana and general nirvana. Nirvana is also called death, and the salary is the exhaustion of fire (salary refers to Buddha body or chance, and fire refers to wisdom or Buddha body). Nirvana originally refers to the enlightenment of Buddhism, but today it generally refers to endless nirvana. Carving a portrait or statue releases the attitude of respect to extinction, which is called nirvana. Holding a dharma meeting to show respect and respect is called Nirvana Meeting, Nirvana Taboo and Changle Meeting. Later generations called the monk's death "death", "returning to silence", "showing silence" and "entering silence". 【 Za Agama Volume 18, Kitamoto Nirvana Sutra Volume 33, Jin Guangming's Best Dharma King Sutra First Tathagata Shouzhi, On Great Bodhisattva Volume 28, Volume 33, Volume 34 and Volume 6 】

Nirvana (Sanskrit Nirvana) is the ultimate destination, goal and journey of Buddhist disciples, and it is also the ideal world for Buddhist disciples.

The Nirvana Sutra says:' A nirvana is called liberation.'

The Nirvana Sutra says:' Nirvana is a righteous man, the method of all Buddhas.'

The Nirvana Sutra says,' Stay away from all troubles, and be known as great nirvana with great silence.'

Pure Buddhism is nirvana. Buddha-Dharma Heng Chang remains unchanged, bright and comfortable, and now it is nirvana. Ordinary people die without knowledge, so that all beings can't see nirvana. Although they are in nirvana, they cannot escape from life and death.

Everyone has a heart of nirvana. Ordinary people don't develop, don't practice hard, and constantly worry. Although they have a heart of nirvana, they don't.

Bodhisattva practitioners who practice meditation and wisdom diligently will see nirvana when their troubles are broken. When they know that nirvana is a permanent law, it is not the present, so nirvana is permanent. In short, the realm of nirvana is achieved through diligent meditation. Nirvana is another name for pure Buddhism. Everyone has a pure mind of nirvana, but it is covered by ignorance, so it is impossible to see nirvana universally, so he sinks into life and death and circulates in six ways. If we can clear the way, abandon the Sanskrit panca kamah, respect the three treasures, practice the Tathagata Dharma diligently, stop all the troubles of greed and ignorance, and see the Buddha's nature, that is, see Nirvana.

What are the levels of nirvana?

Sages such as Vincent (Sanskrit sravaka), Jue Yuan (Sanskrit pratyekabuddha), Bodhisattva (Sanskrit Bodhisatva) and buddha (Sanskrit Buddha) achieved nirvana at different levels. According to Buddhism, there are four kinds of nirvana:

First, it comes from sexual purity and nirvana: truth is true, and all laws change with destiny. Although there are troubles and stains, they are pure in nature, infinite in subtle merits, immortal, equal in all beings, different from all laws and all things, hence the name of pure nirvana.

Both rely on nirvana: although the obstacles of trouble are removed, there is still a desire to be bound by the body of five yin, so the name depends on nirvana.

Third, nirvana without dependence: when the troubles are exhausted, the other five yin bodies are also destroyed, hence the name nirvana without dependence.

4. Nirvana with nowhere to live: Nirvana with nowhere to live, no nirvana, peace and affection in the afterlife, hence its name.

The meaning and content of Nirvana: Nirvana was originally an Indian language, called Nirvana, and also translated as Niva or Tienan. Its meaning includes extinction, silence, silence, silence and extinction, and Xuanzang translates it as death. In the application of the primitive language in India, it refers to the extinction of fire or the dispersion of wind, such as the extinction of lights, which is called' Nirvana of Lights and Flames' (see Volume 6 of "All Abandonment"). However, other religions in India have long regarded this word as the highest ideal. For example, The Great Bodhisattva lists five modern nirvana theories of paganism, that is, nirvana is based on the happiness of five desires and the meditation of four desires in the world; In addition, in Brahmanism, it is also seen that achieving the unity of Brahma and I through practice or reincarnating Brahma after death is called' Brahma Nirvana'; It can be seen that' nirvana' is not a Buddhist term. As soon as the word' Nirvana' appeared in Buddhist classics, it was given new content, and now it has almost become a unique and solemn term in Buddhism.

Nirvana, like Prajna, includes many aspects. There are 25 synonyms in Mahayana Sutra and 66 synonyms in Si Nianchu, which are the common theories of inaction, truth, the other side, harmlessness, immobility, worry-free, scale-free, lifeless, liberation, fearlessness, stability, supreme, auspiciousness and no drama.

Some people think that death is nirvana, which is wrong. "The Classic of Victory" says, "The one who has three virtues and three bodhis in Aunt Dedoro is nirvana"; If death is nirvana, it should be the time when Sakyamuni became a Taoist and proved nirvana under the bodhi tree, but when the bodhi tree proved nirvana, it had nothing to do with death. Bodhi and nirvana, like light, are both disorderly at the same time, so nirvana should not mean death; In strict translators, the death of the saint is translated as "nirvana", which means "nothing is left". Therefore, the meaning of nirvana is close to the nirvana of arhat's final physical and mental destruction, which is obviously different from the "current nirvana" obtained by the Buddha under the bodhi tree or by people who have heard of it. Call death nirvana, a solemn name of injury.

Nirvana means' extinction', which refers to the elimination of troubles and disasters. Volume 18 of Za Agama says (Dazheng 2.126b):' Greed, resentment, delusion and all kinds of troubles are always there, which is a famous nirvana.' The 25th volume of Mahayana Sutra is Nirvana, with the name of "No Bitterness". It can be seen that extinction is based on eliminating troubles and suffering; When troubles and pains are eliminated, there will be a state of peace, stability and happiness. Both Mahayana and Mahayana Nirvana Sutra attach great importance to the poem "impermanence of all actions is the law of birth and death, the birth and death of self-nature, and the joy of silence". A life full of silence and joy is not only the news of Mahayana, but also the nutritional necessity of Mahayana Bodhisattva's spiritual life. Only the voice of Hinayana is different from the wisdom of Mahayana Bodhisattva, and the meaning of silence is also very different, that is, the content of nirvana is divided into negative and positive rising lines. For example, Volume 6 of "On All Abandonment" leads to lamp flame nirvana, which is a metaphor for Buddha's nirvana's "liberation heart", saying (Dazheng 29.35a): "If the lamp is nirvana, there is nothing but lamp flame, so the Buddha's experience is liberated, and everything is destroyed, and there is nothing else"; However, in the sixth volume of Mahayana Nirvana Sutra, this statement was denied, saying (Dazheng12.402a):' If you come to Nirvana, it will be meaningless, and if you come to Buddhism, you will have a name'; Volume 4 also says (Dazheng12.390a):' When the oil is exhausted, it will be bright, and if it is bright, it will be trouble. Although the brightness went out, the lamp and stove still existed; If the Buddha comes, he will come back. Although the troubles are gone, the dharma body still exists. "Because Hinayana only knows the impermanence and bitterness of karma, it makes me feel empty and empty, putting out my troubles and karma, which reflects my emptiness in karma. However, the enforcement of the law of karma is true, and it is nirvana to fear life and death, to be tired of leaving all beings and to indulge in silence. As a result, my body and mind are trapped in a dense air, and I lack a positive spirit towards life and society. Mahayana Bodhisattva is based on the Bodhi Nirvana of Buddha, which shows the impermanence and bitterness of knowing the law of destiny. The second one, Kong Zhi, has attained to my Dharma, and my Dharma is empty, and when he is suffering, he has attained his Dharma, and when he is worried about his Bodhi, he can get rid of his karma when it is bitter, worrying, and his karma can be extinguished, which embodies the truth of the middle way in karma. Therefore, he is endless and unhappy in nirvana, but he practices Buddhism extensively and benefits all beings, so he has played a positive role in life and society. The Mahayana Nirvana Sutra, which focuses on nirvana, says that nirvana has three virtues: dharma, prajna and liberation, four virtues of constancy, joy, self and purity, and eight virtues of constancy, constancy, security, coolness, immortality, impurity and joy. Therefore, the body of Nirvana has not fallen into silence. Nirvana is based on reality or dharma body and plays an endless role in life. Relieve Nirvana-the Meaning of Death (continued11.157):' Righteousness fills the Dharma realm, while virtue prepares for a circle of dust and sand; Poor in truth, wonderful things are tired and lonely' (Volume 52 of Hua Yan Jing Shu Yan Yi Banknotes). How rich it is to express nirvana.

Four truths and twelve causes are the basic arguments of Buddhist fatalism. They are dialectical principle theories that show that' all laws are born in fatalism, and all laws are destroyed in fatalism' and' there is a reason for this matter, there is a reason in this life, and there is no time in this life, so it is destroyed'. Later, it developed into various theories of origin of Mahayana Theory Department. However, Buddha's theory of karma does not stop at cognitive theory. Through the theory of karma, Hinayana Buddhism summed up the three seals of impermanence of statutes, selflessness of behavior and nirvana silence as an appraisal of real life. Mahayana Buddhism, through fatalism, sums up that the mutual printing of all laws is an evaluation of real life. Silence is the body of Mahayana nirvana, and the body of Mahayana nirvana is the reality. However, the law of the birth, difference and extinction of objective karma is that Farr is equal and universal, and the nirvana proved by Hinayana and Mahayana is different only because of their fundamental difference and shallow subjective intelligence. Hint of Hinayana is to stay in the impermanence and fear of the birth and death of fate law, but to seek one's own gray body and wisdom for the sake of silence; Mahayana Bodhisattva grasps its true reality through the phenomenon of karma, unifies the birth and death of Falun in the unchangeable law, and realizes that there is no life and death, no nirvana to prove, the only thing in the world, the only thing in the world, the only thing in the world, and the only Buddha in all beings, so it is printed with the same reality.

Because Hinayana's fame is nirvana with the extinction of life and death, in the process of nirvana from reincarnation to extinction of life and death, nirvana is divided into two stages: one is more than enough nirvana, and the other is that there is no more than enough nirvana. The former is based on my Kong Zhi's traction to cut off the cycle of life and death-worry and karma. My experience is called nirvana, but the body drawn by previous karma has not been destroyed, and the remnants are still there, which is more than enough; This remnant is dead, both physically and mentally, and later life and death will be dead forever, and there is nothing left to rely on Nirvana. There are many explanations for the two kinds of nirvana in agama, but they are most briefly described in Volume III of Skills Classic, and the extracts are as follows (Dazheng 17 677b, 678a):

There are two kinds of nirvana. What is a cloud? One depends on nirvana, the other depends on nirvana. What is the cloud called Yu Yi Nirvana? It is said that all the monks (the same monks) got the arhat and missed everything. (In the middle) They have stayed in the curtain and felt the roots, but they still go on living. Although the roots are now touching all kinds of good and ugly realms, they are tired of giving up and clinging, and even continue to live in a world without nirvana. He often pays homage to heaven and people and respectfully supports them. More famous than nirvana. What is the so-called Nirvana Cloud? It is said that all the crimes have been committed, and all the crimes have been committed. At this time, everything has been lost for no reason, and there is no hope. After all, it's quiet, cool and hidden. But from the point of view of pure and no drama, it can be said that it is out of nothing, out of nothing, out of nothing. "

The scripture points out that both kinds of nirvana are based on the silence of' all leaks have been exhausted'. But the roots of the former are still there. If you are hungry, you need to eat, and if you are cold, you need to wear, and the four major disorders will occur. Just because the troubles have been exhausted, all kinds of good and ugly realms reflected by the six doors are just disturbing aspects that can be rejected in the law, and they will not be obsessed with love and hate. This is the realm of life that shows nirvana; But the physical disability still exists, so it is called' not like nirvana'. The so-called' the child is bound, the fruit is still bound', which means that nirvana is more than enough. As for Nirvana, the difference between Nirvana and Nirvana is that Nirvana's life has been exhausted and the body has been destroyed. Now that the traction of Nirvana has been broken, it is even more hopeless for the future, and it has reached the realm of ashes. It is said that Nirvana will be Nirvana. "On Achievement" Volume XIII says (Dazheng 32.345b):' Too much mud will destroy the heart; If there is no mud left, the heart will die, and there is no mud. "This kind of nirvana is a state of physical, mental and intellectual extinction. Although the Skill Sutra shows that nirvana is not completely lost, there is still a' clean and dramatic body', and what is the state of this clean and dramatic body? However, it is difficult to understand the expression' no, no (omitted)' with a cover. In the fourth volume of Mahayana Sutra, there is also Nirvana Theory (Dazheng12 627c):' If the iron is hot, the stars are scattered, and I don't know where it is; You get rid of it, and it's the same: you have lust, you have mud, you have nowhere to move, and you don't know where to go. "But we must know that the language used in Buddhism is the expression of love with veil, and love to use words such as nonexistence, nothingness, extinction and emptiness to affirm its positive side from the negative side; Arhat has nothing to do with nirvana's pure no-play theory, and it is by no means equal to what turtle horn has after all; Because nirvana is not a theoretical problem, but the spiritual life of the experiencer. Because arhat entered the realm of nirvana with my Confucius, on the one hand, he got rid of the fate caused by worry and karma, and at the same time got the fate without worry and karma. However, this theory, which is pure and hopeless, has gone beyond the realm that the sense of hardship and career can understand or experience. According to Hanshu 2 10 sutra, there is no bitter pleasure in bitter pleasure, there is no bitter pleasure in ignorance, there is knowledge in ignorance, there is nirvana in Ming, and nirvana is not correct. That is to say, Volume VI of All Houses says (Dazheng 29.34 c):' This is extremely quiet, and this is wonderful. Give up all dependence and all love, dye to death, this is called nirvana. "Yesterday, monk Carly died, and the Buddha said that because he had entered nirvana, the devil could never find the place where he was going; It is also a proof of this unreasonable truth and fact.

Of the two kinds of nirvana, the main one is the present nirvana, but there is no surplus nirvana, and there is nothing but the death of the disabled body and a name. So death, in the final analysis, is not important. The realm of "taking quietness as pleasure" requires proof before death. The book "As Jade" (the Chinese translation of Skills Sutra), which spread to the south in Pali, received rave reviews: "Blissful, the Buddha said nirvana; If there is no greed, it will be miserable in times of peace. " And the life realm of' I live in comfort and get this comfort'.

However, the nirvana witnessed by those who hear it is, after all, the realm of law and happiness enjoyed by individuals; In the interpretation of Nirvana's life terms, most of them are cover interpretation, which lacks positive significance to life and society. When it comes to Mahayana Buddhism, the terms used to explain Nirvana are both covered and expressed, and the expressions of expression and explanation are more widely used. Because the universal wisdom of Mahayana Buddhism's life source is from empty to not empty; Emptiness is an empty affirmation of seeing and not seeing, seeing life and death, seeing nirvana, seeing all beings and seeing Buddha, which is unified in a unique reality. "One color and one fragrance are nothing more than the middle way", "All beings are Buddhas" and "assets are not contrary to reality". So nirvana is not nirvana, nirvana is reality, and life and death are nirvana, so there is no law. To realize this truth is to become a Buddha and prove nirvana; If you don't realize this truth, it means that ordinary people live and die, but although they live and die, this Farr truth has not been lost. Ordinary people are not divided, which is called "pure nirvana of sex" in the Ten Classics, and "internality" in the three natures. In terms of Buddha's consciousness, the Ten Classics call it "convenient and pure nirvana" and the three natures call it "beginning". Cheng Weizhi argues that among the four kinds of nirvana, the first one is called "sexual purity nirvana" and the first one is called "nirvana without living". This article explains from the Nirvana Cloud of Sexual Purity (Dazheng 3 1.55b):' It is said that all laws are as true as truth, although they are infected, they are pure guests, and there are countless subtle merits and virtues, and all beings are equal * * *, which is different from all laws and is separated from all things. Only true saints can prove themselves. Release Nirvana Cloud (Dazheng 3 1.55b):' Say it is true, and show the obstacles it knows, which is often assisted by Great Compassion and Prajna. If you can't live and die, you will be nirvana. If you are happy and affectionate, you will be silent in the afterlife, hence the name Nirvana. '

According to the above theory, self-purification and nirvana refers to the truth that "Buddha is like a man, and all beings are like Buddha", but after all, an ordinary person without consciousness can't be called Buddha, just like an undeveloped underground mineral deposit, although it is wealth, it can't be enjoyed by the people. Tiantai Sect calls it a body that has never been solemn. Only when it is proved that there is no place to live can it benefit from Nirvana and expand its endless magical use, as if. The former belongs to theory and points out the direction of practice; The latter is a life of practice and enriches the theory of nirvana. Therefore, the theory of nirvana has been truly settled in Mahayana Buddhism, showing a vigorous and positive spirit, such as clear and vivid expressions such as' great compassion and prajna often help wings' and' happiness and happiness are poor in the future', which swept away the dark atmosphere of Mahayana Buddhism's expression of nirvana.