1. How to accurately translate classical Chinese sentences

Classical Chinese translation must be "faithful, expressive and elegant". "Faithfulness" means that the translation must be accurate, that is, the translation must be faithful to the original text, and the original text must be translated truthfully and appropriately into modern Chinese. "Da" means that the translation should be smooth and fluent, that is, the translation should conform to the grammar and usage habits of modern Chinese, with smooth words and smooth sentences, and no language errors. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and perfectly express the writing style of the original text.

Principles of classical Chinese translation

In the process of classical Chinese translation, we must follow the principle of "every word must be accurate, literal translation and free translation should be combined, and literal translation should be the mainstay". This requires us that when translating, every word in the sentence, as long as it has a certain real meaning, must be implemented word by word and matched. When translating, we should directly follow the word meaning and word order of the original text, and replace the classical Chinese text with the corresponding modern Chinese, so that the words are not separated from the words and the words are not separated from the sentences. If the semantic meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should also be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.

Methods of classical Chinese translation

Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only test the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve classical Chinese reading ability and students' written expression ability.

Classical Chinese translation requires the implementation of every word, with literal translation as the main method and free translation as a supplement. Try to maintain the language style of the original text. The steps for translating classical Chinese texts are to first read the full text, grasp the main idea, and be aware of it. Do not rush into translation right from the start. When translating, if you encounter difficult words or sentences, you can temporarily let them go and then refine them after the context is translated. After you have finished translating the text, read it through again and check and correct it to prevent mistranslations, missing translations and mistranslations.

Basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

The so-called literal translation refers to using modern Chinese words to translate the original text word for word, sentence by sentence, so that the content words and function words are as opposite in meaning as possible. The advantage of literal translation is that every word is implemented; its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not smooth enough.

The so-called free translation is to translate according to the meaning of the sentence, so as to conform to the meaning of the original text as much as possible, and the sentence takes care of the meaning of the original text as much as possible. Free translation has a certain degree of flexibility. Words can be added or deleted, the position of words can be changed, and the sentence structure can also be changed. The advantage of free translation is that the text and meaning are coherent, the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages, and is relatively smooth, smooth and easy to understand. The disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be implemented word for word. These two translation methods should be based on literal translation and supplemented by free translation.

2. Specific methods of classical Chinese translation: retain, delete, supplement, replace, adjust and change.

"Remain" means to retain. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, etc., can be kept unchanged during translation.

"Delete" means to delete. Delete the empty words in classical Chinese that do not need to be translated. For example, "Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai is also the one who rides on Fan Kuai." "Zheye" is a final particle and is not translated.

"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Change monosyllabic words into bisyllabic words; (2) Complement the omitted components in the omitted sentences; (3) Complement the omitted sentences. Note: Add brackets when filling out omitted components or statements.

"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern ones. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I", and replace "Er, You" with "you".

"Tune" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences into modern Chinese sentence structures. When translating subject-predicate inverted sentences, object-prepositioned sentences, prepositioned-object sentences, attributive postpositioned sentences, etc., the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.

"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, Huo Ze's relevant text has been updated. For example, "the waves are calm" can be transformed into "(the lake) is calm and the waves are calm".

A "Quartet" of Classical Chinese Translation

In the past two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in the college entrance examination has been changed from correct and error selection to written translation. This increases the difficulty of answering the questions, and the test questions are all from outside the classroom, so there seems to be no trace and no way to start. In fact, you can still pay attention to some skills and start from the following four aspects to play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet":

1. When translating, you should pay attention to supplementing the omitted sentence components. There are a lot of omission phenomena in classical Chinese, including omitting subjects, omitting predicate verbs, omitting prepositions, omitting objects, etc. When you are doing translation questions, you must first complete the omitted sentence elements in the original text, otherwise the translation will be unclear and unintelligible.

2. When translating, pay attention to adjusting the word order. Modified sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including four types: subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, and object-preposition. Only by adjusting the word order during translation can translation be facilitated. Otherwise, the translation is likely to be confusing and give people the feeling of "Monk Zhang Er is confused".

3. Translation should pay attention to the phenomenon of utilization. Some content words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their part of speech and usage in a certain language environment. This is called conjugation. Mainly include the use of verbs, adjectives, and nouns in verbs, the uses of adjectives and nouns in volition, nouns used as verbs, and nouns used as adverbials, etc. When translating, grasp the temporary meaning of the words.

4. Translation should grasp key words, connect with context, and make key breakthroughs. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is a keyword. For it, we need to understand and comprehend it in context.

To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese texts correctly as long as you work hard, pay attention to the above four points, and master them flexibly. 2. Analysis of 3 famous quotes in classical Chinese, with points

I will give you a translation method, I hope you can master it well.

Ancient Chinese translation is divided into literal translation and free translation. The method of literal translation is generally summarized into eight words: "review", "correct", "retain", "supplement", "delete", "change", "decorate" and "tune".

Review - review type Review classical Chinese sentence patterns and accurately translate the characteristics of classical Chinese sentences, such as judgment sentences, interrogative sentences, passive sentences, fixed sentence patterns, etc. Example:

⑴ Xu Gong in the north of the city is the most beautiful person in Qi. "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice"

Translation: Xu Gong in the north of the city is a handsome man in Qi State.

⑵I always see laughter in a generous family. "Autumn Water"

Translation: I will be laughed at by the generous family for a long time.

⑶ Nothing is the future? "Gou Jian's Destroy of Wu" (Excerpt)

Translation: I'm afraid it's too late?

Right - Translation Although there are differences between modern Chinese and ancient Chinese, it originated from ancient times. The wording and sentence making methods are always the same in many aspects. Therefore, the translation can often be based on the original text. The word order is translated word by word and sentence by sentence, so that the meaning and grammatical function of each word in the original classical Chinese sentence can be fully reflected in the translation as much as possible. In addition, classical Chinese texts are mainly monosyllabic words, which can be translated into compound words using the word as a morpheme. Example:

⑷I couldn’t use my son earlier, and now I am in a hurry to ask for my son. It is my fault. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army"

Translation: I didn't use you in an important way earlier, but now I'm begging you in a critical situation. This is my fault.

Retain - retain some basic words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, such as mountain, water, fly, swim, small, long, hundred, thousand, black, white, etc.; as well as specific special names, such as personal names , place names, official names, country names, emperor names, reign names, weights and measures units, etc.: they can all be inherited and retained without translation. Example:

⑸ Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei heard about it and all came to Qi. "Zou Ji Satirized the King of Qi for Accepting Admonition"

Translation: Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and other countries heard about this incident, and they all came to Qi to pay homage.

Supplement - Supplement The simplicity of classical Chinese is mainly reflected in the simplicity of wording and the omission of components. In order to express the meaning of the original text clearly and smoothly, the original text should be added or supplemented when translating. There are some language components that cannot be omitted in Chinese.

Example:

⑹There are five or six crown princes and six or seven boys. "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua sit at the table"

Translation: (I and five or six adults, six or seven teenagers).

⑺ (Queen Yan) has already done it, and (I) do not think about it. "The Empress Dowager Zhao"

Translation: After (she) gets married, it's not like (you) don't miss (her).

Deletion - Deletion There are some function words in ancient Chinese that have no real meaning and only serve to supplement syllables or soothe the tone. There are no corresponding words in modern Chinese that can replace them, so they should be deleted during translation. If you try to translate it reluctantly, it will make the sentence awkward or cumbersome. Example:

⑻ Because of this, this and three years can make you brave. "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua sit down"

Translation: If I (Zi Lu) are allowed to govern, in three years' time, I can make everyone brave and good at fighting.

"Ye" is a modal particle with no meaning. It is used to soothe the tone and is not translated.

Replace - replace some words. The meanings of ancient and modern words have developed, their usage has changed, and their expressions are different. In the translation, the ancient words should be replaced with modern words, such as "I, Yu, Yu" (I) " "You", "Ru" (you), "walk" (run), etc. Example:

⑼ If there is bad luck in Hanoi, then the people will be moved to the east of the river. "The Identity of the Country"

Translation: When there was a famine in Hanoi, the people there were moved to the east of the river.

Decoration - Rhetoric To accurately translate the expressions and moods of characters, the details and characteristics of things, and language characteristics in classical Chinese texts, attention should be paid to modifying the diction to make it appropriate and vivid. When translating, we must grasp the key words in classical Chinese sentences to translate the tone; grasp the translation methods of classical Chinese sentences containing metaphors, metonymy, euphemism, allusion, elaboration, parallelism, intertextuality, parallelism and other rhetorical figures, and strive to make the translation vivid and expressive. Example:

⑽ Que Qin to benefit Jin, only the king wants to do it. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army"

Translation: It will harm Qin and benefit Jin. I hope you will consider this matter.

"Wei", the modal particle at the beginning of the sentence, expresses the expected tone.

⑾Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself. "The Story of Yueyang Tower"

Translation: Don't feel happy or sad because of the quality of external objects or your own gains and losses. (Intertext)

⑿ To destroy something due to human strength is unkind; to lose what was given is unknowing; to make chaos easy to rectify is not forceful. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army"

Translation: It is unkind to rely on the strength of others and harm them by opposing them; it is unwise to lose one's allies; it is unwise to replace reorganization with dispersion. It is not brave. (parallelism)

Tone - Adjusting the word order of ancient Chinese sentences is different from modern Chinese. The translation should be appropriately shifted and adjusted according to the grammatical standards of modern Chinese, such as "subject-predicate" "Inversion sentence", "object preposition sentence", "adverbial postposition sentence", "attributive postposition sentence", etc. Example:

⒀What a sad world! "The Worker's Overseas Chinese Presents the Qin"

Translation: How pathetic is this society!

⒁Don’t be confident. "Zou Ji Satirized the King of Qi for Accepting Admonition"

Translation: Zou Ji did not believe that he would be more beautiful than Duke Xu.

⒀Subject-verb inverted sentences and ⒁object-preposed sentences should be translated into "subject-predicate" word order and "verb-object" word order respectively.

The above are only the basic methods of literal translation of ancient texts. Of course, when literal translation is difficult, free translation can be used. However, in order for translation to meet the standards put forward by Yan Fu: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, we still need to read more ancient Chinese, cultivate a sense of language, master more language rules of ancient Chinese, and accumulate more meanings and usages of actual and function words in classical Chinese. Only in this way can we Only by continuously improving the ability and level of reading ancient texts can we translate ancient texts accurately, smoothly and vividly. 3. Translation of classical Chinese sentences

Question 1: ⑴ "Why is the horse missing?" The servant said (the horse) was sold to the Master by Chen Yaozi.

Question 2: ⑵The tiger is very scared, thinking that (the donkey) is going to bite him, so he is very scared.

Question 1: Test question analysis: Accurately understand the key words, "bi": that; "why": why; "for"; being; "sale": sell; "Jiaren": businessman.

Comments: This question is not difficult, the meaning of the sentence is simple and easy to understand. Ancient Chinese language is concise, and each word often contains rich content, especially sentences describing scenes. When encountering such sentences, literal translation and free translation should be combined to try to translate the artistic conception of the original sentence.

Question 2: Analysis of test questions: Accurately understand the key words, "氪": fear, "evasion": escape; "thought": think; "bite": bite; "shen": very. Comment: This question is not difficult. You can basically see the meaning of the sentence. Just translate the key words accurately.

When translating classical Chinese sentences, the biggest obstacle is the unpredictable changes in the meaning of words. We must pay attention to distinguishing the differences between ancient and modern word meanings. This requires a certain accumulation of ancient words in study and a certain understanding of ancient Chinese. Have a certain understanding of the laws of language. 4. How to accurately translate classical Chinese texts

Translation of classical Chinese texts requires the implementation of every word, with literal translation as the main method and free translation as a supplement.

Try to maintain the language style of the original text. The steps for translating classical Chinese texts are to first read the full text, grasp the main idea, and be aware of it. Do not rush into translation right from the start.

When translating, if you encounter difficult words or phrases, you can let them go temporarily and then refine them after the context is translated. After you have finished translating the text, read it through again and check and correct it to prevent mistranslations, missing translations and mistranslations.

Basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. Specific methods for classical Chinese translation: retain, delete, supplement, replace, adjust and change. Classical Chinese translation should be "faithful, expressive and elegant".

"Faithfulness" means that the translation must be accurate, that is, the translation must be faithful to the original text, and the original text must be translated truthfully and appropriately into modern Chinese. "Da" means that the translation should be smooth and fluent, that is, the translation should conform to the grammar and usage habits of modern Chinese, with smooth words and smooth sentences, and no language errors.

"Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should make the translation vivid and vivid, and perfectly express the writing style of the original text. Principles of Classical Chinese Translation In the process of classical Chinese translation, we must follow the principle of "every word must be accurate, literal translation and free translation should be combined, and literal translation should be the mainstay".

This requires us that when translating, every word in the sentence, as long as it has a certain real meaning, must be implemented word by word and matched. When translating, we should directly follow the word meaning and word order of the original text, and replace the classical Chinese text with the corresponding modern Chinese, so that the words are not separated from the words and the words are not separated from the sentences.

If the semantic meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should also be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible. Methods of classical Chinese translation Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only test the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve classical Chinese reading ability and students' written expression ability.

Classical Chinese translation requires the implementation of every word, with literal translation as the mainstay and free translation as a supplement. Try to maintain the language style of the original text.

The steps for translating classical Chinese texts are to first read the full text, grasp the main idea of ??the article, and be aware of it. Do not rush into translation as soon as it comes up. When translating, if you encounter difficult words or sentences, you can temporarily let them go and then refine them after the context is translated.

After translating the entire text, read it through again and check and correct it to prevent mistranslation, missing translation and mistranslation. Basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to using modern Chinese words to translate the original text word for word, sentence by sentence, so that the content words and function words are as opposite in meaning as possible.

The advantage of literal translation is that every word is implemented; its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not smooth enough. The so-called free translation is to translate according to the meaning of the sentence, so as to conform to the meaning of the original text as much as possible, and the sentence takes care of the meaning of the original text as much as possible.

Free translation has a certain degree of flexibility. Words can be added or deleted, the position of words can be changed, and the sentence structure can also be changed. The advantage of free translation is that the text and meaning are coherent, the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages, and is relatively smooth, smooth and easy to understand.

The disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be implemented word for word.

These two translation methods should be based on literal translation and supplemented by free translation.

2. Specific methods of classical Chinese translation: retain, delete, supplement, replace, adjust and change. "Remain" means to retain.

All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, etc., can be kept unchanged during translation. "Delete" means to delete.

Delete classical Chinese function words that do not need to be translated. For example, "The one who rode Fan Kuai was Pei Gong's bodyguard" - Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai.

"Zheye" is a final particle and is not translated. "Supplement" means to supplement.

(1) Change monosyllabic words into bisyllabic words; (2) Complement the omitted components in the omitted sentences; (3) Complement the omitted sentences. Note: Add brackets when filling out omitted components or statements.

"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern ones.

For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I", and replace "Er, Ru" with "you". "Tune" means to adjust.

Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences into modern Chinese sentence structures. When translating subject-predicate inverted sentences, object-prepositioned sentences, prepositioned-object sentences, attributive postpositioned sentences, etc., the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.

"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, Huo Ze's relevant text has been updated.

If "the waves are calm", it can become "(the lake) is calm". Classical Chinese Translation "Quartet" In the past two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in the college entrance examination has been changed from correct and error selection to written translation.

This increases the difficulty of answering the questions, and the test questions are all from outside the classroom, so there seems to be no trace and no way to start. In fact, you can still pay attention to some skills and start from the following four aspects to play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet": 1. When translating, you should pay attention to supplementing the omitted sentence components.

There are a lot of omission phenomena in classical Chinese, including omitting subjects, omitting predicate verbs, omitting prepositions, omitting objects, etc. When you are doing translation questions, you must first complete the omitted sentence elements in the original text, otherwise the translation will be unclear and unintelligible.

2. When translating, pay attention to adjusting the word order. Modified sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including four types: subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, and object-preposition.

Only by adjusting the word order during translation can translation be facilitated. Otherwise, the translation is likely to be confusing and give people the feeling of "Monk Zhang Er is confused". 3. Translation should pay attention to the phenomenon of inflection.

Some content words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their part of speech and usage in a certain language environment. This is called conjugation. Mainly include the use of verbs, adjectives, and nouns in verbs, the uses of adjectives and nouns in volition, nouns used as verbs, and nouns used as adverbials, etc.

When translating, grasp the temporary meaning of the words. 4. Translation must grasp key words, connect with context, and make key breakthroughs.

In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is a keyword.

For it, we need to understand and comprehend it in conjunction with the context. To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese texts correctly as long as you work hard, pay attention to the above four points, and master them flexibly.

Tips for Grasping Score Points in Classical Chinese Translation. The 2005 Chinese language examination syllabus included "sentence patterns and usages that are different from modern Chinese" in the scope of the college entrance examination. The test of this knowledge point is most likely to be in It is reflected in the translation questions. Therefore, how to do well in classical Chinese translation questions has become the focus of candidates' attention. 1. Look at the parts of speech - grasp the preparation strategies from the phenomenon of conjugation of parts of speech: conjugation of parts of speech is an optional content of the 2005 college entrance examination.

It is a unique grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese, mainly nouns and verbs. 5. Translation of classical Chinese

2. Specific methods of translation of classical Chinese: retain, delete, supplement, replace, adjust and change. "Remain" means to retain. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, etc., can be kept unchanged during translation. "Delete" means to delete. Delete the empty words in classical Chinese that do not need to be translated. For example, "Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai is also the one who rides on Fan Kuai."

"Zheye" is a final particle and is not translated. "Supplement" means to supplement. (1) Change monosyllabic words into bisyllabic words; (2) Complement the omitted components in the omitted sentences; (3) Complement the omitted sentences. Note: Add brackets when filling out omitted components or statements. "Change" means to replace. Replace ancient words with modern ones. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I", and replace "Er, You" with "you". "Tune" means to adjust. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences into modern Chinese sentence structures. When translating subject-predicate inverted sentences, object-prepositioned sentences, prepositioned-object sentences, attributive postpositioned sentences, etc., the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. "Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, Huo Ze's relevant text has been updated. For example, "the waves are calm" can be transformed into "(the lake) is calm and the waves are calm". Classical Chinese Translation "Quartet" In the past two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in the college entrance examination has been changed from correct and error selection to written translation. This increases the difficulty of answering the questions, and the test questions are all from outside the classroom, so there seems to be no trace and no way to start. In fact, you can still pay attention to some skills and start from the following four aspects to play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet": 1. When translating, you should pay attention to supplementing the omitted sentence components. There are a lot of omission phenomena in classical Chinese, including omitting subjects, omitting predicate verbs, omitting prepositions, omitting objects, etc. When you are doing translation questions, you must first complete the omitted sentence elements in the original text, otherwise the translation will be unclear and unintelligible. 2. Pay attention to adjusting word order when translating. Modified sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including four types: subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, and object-preposition. Only by adjusting the word order during translation can it be easier to translate. Otherwise, the translation will be confusing and give people the feeling of "Monk Zhang Er is confused". 3. Translation should pay attention to the phenomenon of inflection. Some content words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their part of speech and usage in a certain language environment. This is called conjugation. Mainly include the use of verbs, adjectives, and nouns in verbs, the uses of adjectives and nouns in volition, nouns used as verbs, and nouns used as adverbials, etc. When translating, grasp the temporary meaning of the words. 4. Translation must grasp key words, connect with context, and make key breakthroughs. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is a keyword. For it, we need to understand and comprehend it in context. To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese texts correctly as long as you work hard, pay attention to the above four points, and master them flexibly. Tips for Grasping Score Points in Classical Chinese Translation The 2005 Chinese language examination syllabus includes "sentence patterns and usages that are different from modern Chinese" in the scope of the college entrance examination. The test of this knowledge point is most likely to be reflected in the translation questions. Therefore, How to do well in classical Chinese translation questions has become the focus of candidates' attention. 1. Look at the parts of speech - grasp the phenomenon of conjugation of parts of speech. Preparation strategies: conjugation of parts of speech is an optional content of the 2005 college entrance examination. It is a unique grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese, mainly including the conjugation of nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. When translating, you should be good at analyzing the grammatical structure of the sentence to determine its part of speech and meaning for the flexibly used words. 2. Observe Sentence Patterns - Grasp exam preparation strategies from the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns: Classical Chinese sentence patterns have been included in the 2005 College Entrance Examination examination scope, which requires us to master the different characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns, especially judgmental sentences and passive sentences. Sentences, omitted sentences, and object-preposed sentences. Generally speaking, these sentence patterns have language marks. Therefore, by identifying these language marks, we can determine which sentence pattern characteristics they belong to.

Understand the meaning of words - grasp the meaning of key content words. Preparation strategies: The so-called key content words refer to those words that play a key meaning in a sentence, and the interpretation is usually different from modern Chinese or have multiple meanings. The most important content words in the sentence are verbs, followed by adjectives and nouns. In addition, we should also pay attention to the Chinese characters, ancient and modern synonyms, etc. in the sentences. 4. Distinguish the usage - grasp the test preparation strategies from the usage of the main function words: Function words are an indispensable part of the sentence structure. Among the 18 classical Chinese function words in the examination syllabus, the ones that are often tested include "er, yi, yu, yong, nai". ", its, for, then, it" etc. Before the exam, you should pay attention to summarize their usage and strengthen training to deepen your impression.

When translating, we must ensure that "words do not leave sentences and sentences do not leave paragraphs." Pay attention to the relationship between context and the cohesion and coherence of meaning. Therefore, when translating classical Chinese, we must pay attention to keenly discover these scoring points and translate them accurately and smoothly by looking at the part of speech, observing sentence patterns, understanding word meanings, and identifying usage. In this way, you can get high scores in classical Chinese translation