(1) Uyghur. Russia, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan.

(2) Aguba invaded Xinjiang, British and Russian forces invaded Xinjiang, and Xinjiang faced a serious crisis.

(3) was adopted by the Qing government. The Qing government appointed Zuo Zongtang as the Imperial Envoy to supervise the military affairs of Xinjiang and be responsible for recovering Xinjiang.

(4) Zuo Zongtang was far-sighted, defended the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity, made great contributions to the reunification and consolidation of the motherland, and had a strong spirit of patriotism.