The famous French philosopher Descartes once said: "I think, therefore I am."

Great souls shine by thinking. And before we can think correctly, we must learn to recognize common logical fallacies.

Article 1 Sloppy Premise

A sloppy premise means that the argument is generated by inappropriate induction. For example, traveling is a good thing, so everyone should travel.

‘Travel is a good thing’ is a wrong generalization. For example, if you have high blood pressure or coronary heart disease, traveling to mountainous areas is not a good thing. Your generalization must be appropriate. You can say that traveling is good for most people, otherwise you would be committing the fallacy of hasty premise.

Article 2: Overgeneralization

For example, if the students in your class, Xiao Ming, don’t want to learn English, Xiao Hong doesn’t want to learn Chinese, and Xiao Li doesn’t want to learn mathematics, you would say that your class All the students here don't like to study.

Is this conclusion drawn too quickly? Because the examples provided are not enough to support your conclusion.

Article 3 Misuse of cause and effect

For example, we should not take the car washer out, because every time we take it to the car, the car will break down.

What does car breakdown have to do with having a car washer?

Article 4 Contradictory Premise

There is a very famous example of a contradictory premise - if God is omnipotent, can he create a stone that he cannot move?

If such a thing can be created, then it cannot be moved, but is it inconsistent to say that God is omnipotent? vice versa!

Article 5: Add sympathy

For example, a boy confesses his love to the girl he loves. He says: "My dear, my whole world will be ruined without you." It’s dark. I can’t eat without seeing you, and I toss and turn at night. I really can’t live without you, my dear, marry me!”

This is typical! In order to infiltrate sympathy, the proposal does not say marriage proposal, but talks about some miserable state, so as to win the other party's pity and thus his request.

Article 6 Assumptions contrary to facts

The often used sentence pattern: "If I could..., I would...", reality does not actually exist. When encountering such a situation, you must be wary of mistaking assumptions for reality.

Article 7: Poisoning the Well

Two people were debating. The first person stood up and said, 'This man is a complete liar. We can't believe what he says. 'And at this moment his opponent did not speak. This phenomenon is called poisoning the well.

In other words, no one can poison the water before starting to drink it. You can't break the opponent's hamstring before he opens his mouth.