Zuo Qiu Ming, the author of the famous historical work "Zuo Zhuan", was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

"Zuo Zhuan" is a masterpiece written by Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty. It systematically and detailedly describes the politics, economy, military, and society of various vassal states in my country from 805 to 468 BC. , culture and many other aspects, the plot is tortuous and vivid, and the writing is beautiful. In the treasure house of ancient books in our country, it is not only a highly valuable historical masterpiece, but also an extremely precious literary masterpiece.

"Zuo Zhuan" was originally called "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". It is two books that are closely related to the earliest chronicle "Spring and Autumn". "Spring and Autumn" was originally a common name for the official history of various countries in ancient times. In the Oracle era, a year was only divided into spring and autumn. Later, it was divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. However, major court affairs were still conducted in spring and autumn, so the historian The "National History" that records the major events throughout the year is called "Spring and Autumn". In "Mozi? Guizi Pian", the so-called "Chun Qiu" of Zhou Dynasty, "Spring Autumn Dynasty of Yan Dynasty", "Spring Autumn Dynasty of Song Dynasty", "Spring Autumn Dynasty of Qi Dynasty", etc. refer to the Zhou Dynasty and Yan Dynasty, History books of Song and Qi countries. Later, because these historical books were lost, only the "Spring and Autumn" of Lu State has been passed down to this day, so "Spring and Autumn" became the exclusive name of "National History" of Lu State. The book "Spring and Autumn" records the historical events of the 242 years (Spring and Autumn Period) from the first year of Lu Yin to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (772-480 BC). However, although "Spring and Autumn" is a history book compiled by the officials of the Lu State, it is not The chronology of the Lu State is adopted, but the content it records is not limited to the history of the Lu State itself, but the major events of various vassal states during the Spring and Autumn Period.

The records recorded by ancient historians have two functions: one is to truly record historical facts; the other is to include the purpose of encouraging good and punishing evil in historical records. In ancient times, due to the difficulty of writing and backward writing tools, words could only be engraved on oracle bones, gold and stone or bamboo slips. Therefore, historians could only record events in the most concise words. The records in "Spring and Autumn" are basically based on year, month and day. Historical facts are recorded in chronological order. One thing is recorded one by one. Generally, there are only a few words, the most is no more than 40 words, and the shortest is only one word (for example: borer). With such a brief record, people often cannot understand the ins and outs and specific circumstances of the matter. If you want to understand and learn history, you must rely on some older people who are familiar with historical events to give a more detailed description of the records in "Spring and Autumn" And explanation, this is how "passage" comes into being. The so-called "pass" means annotation. The "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" that have been handed down are the so-called "Three Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period". "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" are attached to "Spring and Autumn", and the scriptures and biographies are arranged together, while "Zuo Zhuan" was originally an independent book. Because "Zuo Zhuan" has reliable and rich historical materials, detailed narratives, vivid plots and beautiful writing style, it has been the most widely circulated and has the highest evaluation by later generations.

Zuo Qiuming's main and outstanding contribution is that he based on extensive collection of various ancient historical news, public and private records, and a large number of reliable historical materials, based on the historical events recorded in "Spring and Autumn", Annotations and explanations were made selectively and emphatically. He mainly focuses on narrative, recording both words and deeds, detailed descriptions and brief summaries, retrospectives and appendices, analysis and comments. Many unclear places in the "Spring and Autumn" can be understood by later generations relying on the supplements and explanations in the "Zuo Zhuan". In addition, "Zuo Zhuan" also narrates many historical events that are not recorded in "Spring and Autumn". The recorded time is generally the same as that of "Spring and Autumn" but slightly exceeds it. The content is rich and detailed, and the historical materials are of extremely high value.

The language skills and literary achievements of this work are also very high. Zuo Qiuming is not only good at highlighting the essential characteristics of things, and using concise language to describe complex events in an orderly manner, especially when describing wars, he often writes them in a clear and vivid way, but he is also very good at describing them through wonderful details and inner descriptions. The characters are vividly drawn. For another example, the diplomatic activities of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period were very frequent and they attached great importance to diplomatic rhetoric. "Zuo Zhuan" also has vivid records of this. Many dialogues were euphemistic and implicit, soft on the outside and strong on the inside, with profound meaning. They sounded polite and leisurely, but But there is strength in his bones, and he will not give in on key issues. This was certainly the case with the diplomatic demeanor at the time, but these wonderful and superb diplomatic rhetoric are also inseparable from Zuo Qiuming's refinement, processing and polishing.

In addition, many historical stories in "Zuo Zhuan" have twists and turns, vivid plots and beautiful writing styles. They are all masterpieces in the history of literature. For example, Cao GUI (qui) debated, Duke Yuan of Qi attacked Chu, Gong Zhiqi remonstrated falsely, Zhu Zhiwu retreated the Qin army, Jie Zhidui refused to talk about his salary, Xuan Gao engaged the Qin army, Chu returned to Jin Zhi Feng (ying), etc.

Zuo Qiuming and Confucius were contemporaries. Confucius attached great importance to history. Among the six courses he taught students, namely: "Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Music, Yi, and Spring and Autumn Period", history was one of the required courses. Confucius also admired and respected Zuo Qiu Ming very much. In "The Analects of Confucius? Gong Zhi Chang", Confucius said: "With clever words, commanding colors, and respectful actions, Zuo Qiu Ming is ashamed of him, and Qiu is also ashamed of him. He is a friend who is resentful and friendly. Zuo Qiu Ming is ashamed of this person, and Qiu is also ashamed of him." The general idea is: he speaks well, is flattering to others, and is full of compliments. Zuo Qiu Ming thinks it is shameful, and I think it is shameful. Zuo Qiuming thinks it's shameful to hide your resentment towards others and make friends with them, and I think it's shameful too. It can be seen that Confucius had a very high evaluation of Zuo Qiuming's personality and conduct. After Zuo Qiuming lost his sight, he still worked hard to complete a book - "Guoyu". Sima Qian praised: "Zuoqiu is blind, but he can speak Mandarin."

References: Chinese Cultural History Knowledge Series "Famous Books in Ancient China" edited by Hua Sujuan and Xiong Guozhen and published by The Commercial Press in 1997

Zuo Ren Ying Zi Xing, a native of Lu, a disciple of Confucius . The Song Dynasty gave it to the Marquis of Nanhua.

Zuo Botao was born in the Warring States Period, his native place is unknown.

Befriended Yangjiao Ai, heard about King Xian of Chu, and entered Chu together. The road encounters rain and snow, and the clothes I bring are thin. It is not enough for two people to plan. Bo Tao expressed his sorrow and said, "What I have learned in dancing is not as good as my son's, so my son is gone!" So he took his clothes, food and mourning and threw himself into an empty tree to die. After mourning for the state of Chu, he became a minister and became famous in the world. He opened a tree to raise Bo Tao's body and prepared a funeral ceremony for it. When Bo Tao's tomb was near the mausoleum of General Jing, he dreamed of Bo Tao Gao Yun: "I am attacked by General Jing day and night." He said sadly, "I looked down at the ground," and then he committed suicide. See "Biography of Martyrs" for this. Later generations called the person who believed in friendship "Yang Zuo".

Zuo Bo was a native of Donglai (now Ye County, Shandong) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The name is Ziyi. He is good at making paper; Cai Yong is good at writing calligraphy; Zhang Zhi is good at making pen; Wei Dan is good at making ink. Together they are called the "Four Goods" of paper, calligraphy, pen and ink.

Zuo Xiong (? - 138) was a native of Nanqun and Huayang (now Henan and northeast of Dengzhou) of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Zuo Xiong, whose courtesy name was Bohao. In the era of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his official position was Shangshu Ling. Zuo Xiong was an upright man, straightforward in his words and deeds in court, opposed the "corruption and cunning" of wealthy families, and frequently reported and exposed them. During the reign of Emperor Shun Yangjia, he denounced the cruelty of the rulers at that time and wrote a letter saying: "Killing innocent people is to gather the virtuous and capable people for prestige, to govern and calm the people is to be inferior and weak, to follow the law is to not govern, and from then on The killings were born from the calamity of jealousy and corpses, and were caused by joy and anger. They treated the people like bandits and enemies, and taxed them like jackals and tigers." "If one person breaks the law, the entire clan will be punished." Zuo Xiong was a loyal minister deeply loved by the people and praised by future generations.

Zuo Ci was from southwestern Lujiang, Anhui.

Zuo Ci, whose courtesy name was Yuanfang, was an alchemist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He lived in Tianzhu Mountain when he was young, studied alchemy, and was Ge Xuan's teacher. The Taoist teachings of the Danding Sect of the Eastern Han Dynasty were passed down from generation to generation through him. Legend has it that Zuo Charity, a magician, had a banquet with Cao Cao and teased him. Later, he angered Cao Cao and was chased by Cao Cao's soldiers, so he became invisible and escaped. He was seen again at the top of Sheep Mountain and hid among the sheep, out of reach of his soldiers. In addition to "Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Zuo Ci Zhuan", there is also a record in "Sou Shen Ji" written by Qian Bao of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "Fangyu Shenglan", "Tianxia Scenic Spots", "Jiangnan General Chronicles", Qing Dynasty's "Lujiang County Chronicles", etc. all record that Lujiang has Zuo Ci's Diaoyutai, Zuo Ci Well, Toubi Bridge, Shengxian Bridge, Baiyanggang, Some of the ruins such as Yangshantou and Wangxuguan still exist today.

References: Anhui Province Local Chronicles Series "Lujiang County Chronicles", published by Social Sciences Press in 1993.