the sunshine is always after the storm. how can you see the rainbow without experiencing the storm? -Inscription (excerpted from a student's exercise "There is always a time when there is a dark willow.") The wind is gentle, the clouds are long, the thoughts are always there, the streams are gurgling, and the springs are sweet. Thank you very much. -Inscription (from a student's exercise "Because of You") Nowadays, it is very common for middle school students to use inscriptions in their compositions. The fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary by the Commercial Press explains the inscription: the words written before the text of the book or below the title of the article mostly briefly explain the content or theme of the work, and some only quote famous sayings. After a little attention, we can find that both primary school students and adults (including college students) rarely use inscriptions in their articles, and inscriptions only appear widely in middle school students' compositions. Why is this happening? Personally, there are two reasons: first, the need to take the exam. As we all know, the marking teachers of major exams such as college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination often finish reading a composition in a short time, and some even only glance at the title, beginning and end. Inscription, because of its eye-catching position and because it summarizes the content or theme of the full text in a few words, has become a "magic weapon" for students to manage carefully and try to catch the eye of the marking teacher. The marking teacher is naturally welcome. After reading the inscription, you can basically judge whether the article is innovative or not, and whether the author is talented or not. This "two of a kind" between students and marking teachers will inevitably make the wind of "inscription" spread in the examination room, so as to extend to students' ordinary compositions. Second, after students enter middle school from primary school, influenced by various aspects, their awareness of stylistic innovation has been enhanced, and adopting inscriptions is a relaxed "innovation"; Coupled with curiosity and following the trend, middle school students use inscriptions in their compositions, which has become a "gushing" trend. Inscriptions are rampant in middle school students' compositions, resulting in a series of problems. Some students often "inscribe", as if without inscription, the composition would be incomplete, forming a composition mode with eight strands of flavor. Some students are satisfied with "innovation" by using inscriptions, ignoring that there is still a broader space for innovation in composition forms. There are also some students who have not yet understood the connotation and function of inscription, and are blindly "inscribing". The inscriptions in the above two students' exercises reveal some specific problems to us: first, the little author uses it to summarize the main idea of the full text, which is purely platitudes and offensive. Second, although the writing is not old, it makes people feel empty and unintelligible. Then, how can we put an end to or solve this series of problems and make better use of inscriptions? Let's first listen to the views of all parties on inscription and "inscription phenomenon" The writer's voice asked: Have you ever used inscriptions in your own works? Why adopt (not adopt)? What great writers do you know who have used inscriptions? What do you think of middle school students' general love of using inscriptions? How do you think we can make good use of the inscription? Zhao Song (published novels "Gap" and "Fushun Tales") A: Occasionally, but not much. The reason for using it is just that I think a sentence will be helpful to what I want to express, but the content must be subtle and not too clear. More directly, the meaning of the inscription can echo the breath of the work itself. There are many inscriptions used by western classical writers, such as Stendhal. In his Red and Black, almost every chapter has inscriptions, most of which are quotations from predecessors' statements, and some of them are fabricated under the guise of predecessors' names. A good work, with a good inscription, will have the icing on the cake effect and more meaning; Even if there is no inscription, it will still be a good work. On the other hand, a bad work, no matter how to use the inscription, will not change the fact that it is bad. If you want to make good use of inscriptions, you should read more books, know more, and have a deep understanding. When you use them, you will be able to use them easily and properly. Looking at how a person uses the inscription, we can really see how deep a person's knowledge is and whether a person's understanding and grasp of the meaning of the sentence is in place. Sun Zhizheng (who published the novel Teenagers) A: No. Mainly because of habit, we must analyze the reasons, perhaps because we are afraid that using inscriptions will seem to gild the lily. My thoughts can be fully expressed in the title and text. Because I don't use inscriptions, I seldom pay attention to which great writers have used them. I think middle school students use inscriptions to see if they really like them. If you just follow the trend, don't adopt it. The most important thing in writing an article is a "truth", which not only refers to the true feelings, but also refers to the "real" needs in writing. If the inscription is used well, it may increase the literary talent and information, and catch the reader faster; If you don't use it well, it may appear ostentatious and artificial. If I use the inscription, I will avoid being completely consistent with the ideas expressed in the title and the text. If it is completely consistent, the inscription will be superfluous. I will try to make the inscription have a certain "deviation", which is not only related to the text, but also not completely consistent, resulting in the effect of being at arm's length. This kind of inscription can expand the connotation of the article as much as possible and produce more meanings. The teacher's voice asked: What do you think is the reason why middle school students like to use inscriptions? Do you agree with students using inscriptions in their articles? Why do you agree (disagree)? What do you think of middle school students' general love of using inscriptions? How do you think we can make good use of the inscription? Hong Zhou (a senior teacher in the middle school attached to Hunan Normal University and a member of Changsha Writers Association) A: We look at the short works of literary masters through the ages, which one has used what inscription? Since a candidate wrote an inscription on a perfect composition, primary and secondary school students' compositions have been inscribed at every turn after our perfect composition book and the network spread. In fact, some inscriptions have nothing to do with topics and articles, but are deaf ears-just decorations. Therefore, I don't agree with students using inscriptions in their articles. I never use inscriptions in my writing myself. He Tongzhu (Chinese teacher in Rizhao Port Middle School, Rizhao City, Shandong Province) A: Personally, I think that students now use inscriptions in their compositions for two purposes: first, to increase literary talent, stimulate readers' interest, and at the same time, to make inscriptions play the role of making the finishing point and outlining; Second, in order to keep up with the fashion, I should use the inscription whether it is suitable or not when I see others writing the function inscription. Some inscriptions have little to do with the text, just putting on airs and blindly pursuing form, thus forming an "stereotyped" article. I think, when students write, they should use the inscription when they need it, and don't use it unless they have to. Under what circumstances can it be used? It can be summarized as follows: First, it can point out the main idea; Second, it has the function of setting suspense; Third, it can play a role in adding emotion; The fourth is to arrange the needs of the structure. Generally speaking, the inscription must be closely related to the text, and it must not be flashy and write an inscription for the sake of writing an inscription, otherwise it will only be superfluous and annoying. Liu Jian (instructor of "Mo Shen Literature Society" in Hunan Longhui No.2 Middle School) A: I have written some things in my spare time, and I seldom use any preface or postscript. I have no objection to the use of inscriptions, but they must be the essence of the theme of the article, and it is best not in the article (otherwise it will become a summary). About half of the students in our school use "inscriptions" in their compositions. Seriously, I didn't say anything about it either. When I read the manuscript, I immediately deleted any inscription that had nothing to do with the theme. For the inscription, I think it should be a sentence that explains the reasons for writing, reflects and reveals the main idea and emotion of the article, and it should let the reader see through the highlights of the article and the pulse of the author's emotion. Therefore, it should be rich in meaning and lasting in affection; Be clear and concise; It should also be exquisite in language and rich in literary talent. It can't be too long and it can't be obscure. You can set suspense to arouse people's reading appetite; You can also "sing the opposite", which is unexpected. The student's voice asked: Do you understand the meaning and function of the inscription? Have you ever used inscriptions in your composition? When did you first use inscriptions in your composition? Why use it? What do you think are the advantages (disadvantages) of using inscriptions? How do you think we can make good use of the inscription? Su Xiaoyan (a middle school student in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) A: Many middle school students use "inscriptions", which is probably a tricky way to lead out the content. I never use "inscription" in my composition. I want to make my article purer and more distinctive. Of course, a good "inscription" can "make the finishing point" to the composition, and there is nothing wrong with it if it can be integrated. But I still advocate that writing a composition must not be stereotyped, and it should not be written as an eight-part essay. Zhuang Yong (student of Rizhao Port Middle School, Weihai Road, Rizhao City, Shandong Province) A: I can't remember when I first used the inscription (but it won't be earlier than the sixth grade, because I didn't even know what the inscription was before that). At the beginning, I used the inscription naturally because I felt fresh and followed the trend, and sometimes I wanted to write an inscription for fun. Later, I gradually realized that many of the inscriptions I wrote were empty and tasteless, and they were nonsense. They should be deleted completely, so they gradually became less useful. Now, if I feel it is possible or necessary occasionally, I will still use the inscription. How to write a good inscription? As a junior high school student, I can't tell you why. But in short, to write a good inscription, you must have cultural accumulation. If you write an inscription just because it is fresh and fun, then delete it quickly, because that kind of inscription can only make the article look more bloated and tired. At present, for me or anyone who is not sure well, it is better to write less about this kind of thing that easily seems to be superfluous. Lai Ling Liu (a middle school student in Puwen Dong and Miao Township, Huitong County, Hunan Province) A: I have never used inscriptions in my composition. To tell the truth, before junior high school, I didn't know what the inscription was, let alone adopted it. Later, with the increase of reading, I gradually got to know the inscription. Some people use inscriptions just to follow the trend, and the result can only be superfluous and counterproductive. If you don't know how to use the inscription, don't use it indiscriminately, otherwise it will affect the overall aesthetic feeling of the composition. Hu Yuanqian (a student of Dingling School in Linli County, Hunan Province) A: Personally, I think the inscription is a modification and perfection of the article, which may explain the reasons for writing, create an environment and render an atmosphere, or reveal the main idea of the article through concise language. The first time I used the inscription was in a campus composition contest in the sixth grade of primary school. As for the reasons for using it, curiosity and innovation accounted for the majority. It is not difficult to see the advantages of using inscriptions-the lightning-fast composition marking speed will inevitably make inscriptions the commanding heights for our students to arrange firepower. But blindly "inscribing" may also be counterproductive, which is contrary to our original intention of using inscribing-to make the composition icing on the cake. I think that a good composition in the true sense is based on its own practical experience and emotion, and the inscription born from the heart can convey the truest emotion and arouse the readers' * * *. Synthesizing all kinds of "voices", we should be able to draw the conclusion that inscription is not a "magic weapon" for trying everything, nor is it a "forbidden area" that cannot be set foot in. A good inscription can add color to an article, but a bad inscription will only do the opposite. So, how can we make good use of inscriptions? Writer Zhao Song's words are strategically placed: "If you want to make good use of inscriptions, you should read more books ..." I think the books he said mainly refer to classic works. Yes, we should learn from the master first. As far as I know, most of the inscriptions used by great writers are quotations from famous sayings or statements in some classic masterpieces, such as Roman Roland's inscription in Beethoven's Biography quoted a sentence from Beethoven; There are two inscriptions in Borges' famous novel Alef, which quoted the sentences in Hamlet and Leviathan respectively. This kind of quotation can make the characters or works represented by the inscription relate to their own articles, and make people think about the similarities or differences between them, thus expanding the space and connotation of the articles-I think only in this way can the inscription play its greatest role. Middle school students can't have such extensive knowledge and profound thoughts as these great writers, so they can only settle for the second best, and they can work hard to attract readers' interest in reading. Of course, the language should be concise and novel.