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I. Zero Ding Yang
II. Translation
III. Introduction to the poet
IV. Poetry background < Notes on Poems
VI. Famous Sentences in Poems
VII. Comprehensive Poems
[ Edit this paragraph] I.
Genre of Crossing Zero and Ding Yang: Seven-character Rhyme
<; Southern Song Dynasty > Wen Tianxiang
once hard work comes up, there are few stars around him.
the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs.
fear is said on the beach, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
since ancient times, no one has died, so take the heart of Dan to shine on the history.
[ Edit this paragraph] II. Translation
Translation 1:
With my own hard work, I mastered all kinds of classics, finally achieved fame, and started a turbulent and arduous political career;
It has been four years since he led the Song army against Yuan soldiers.
the great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like the wind and rain blowing catkins;
My own life experience is also turbulent, just like duckweed's ups and downs under the heavy rain.
It's still frightening to think of the scene that the former army defeated Jiangxi and evacuated from the beach of fear, the dangerous torrent and the grim situation.
Thinking that Wuling Slope was completely annihilated last year and was caught in the enemy, I can only lament my loneliness in the vast ocean.
people have been alive since ancient times, and who has not died? Die for your country, die a fair death, and leave this sincere heart to shine in history!
Translation 2:
Recalling that I went through a lot of hardships in my early years when I entered the imperial examination,
The calligraphy "Crossing Zero and Ding Yang" has survived four weeks since the war ended.
A country in danger is like catkins in a strong wind,
How can an individual be described as duckweed in a shower?
I'm still scared by the fiasco at Fear Beach.
Ling Dingyang is trapped in Yuan Lu, and it's a pity that I am lonely.
Who can live forever since ancient times?
leave this burning heart to go down in history forever!
Translation 3:
The reason why I suffered was that I got an official position because I was proficient in Confucian classics.
I spent four spring and autumn in the desolate battlefield.
Mountains and rivers are broken like catkins scattered by the wind.
Life is turbulent like duckweed beaten by rain.
Tell your fears on the beach of fear,
lament your loneliness on the ocean of odds and ends.
Since ancient times, no one can ever die.
After death, I will leave this red heart dedicated to serving the country and let it go down in history forever.
Translation IV
I studied the Confucian classics hard and achieved fame. Since then, I have encountered ups and downs.
I spent four years in the war-torn and desolate battle.
The motherland's rivers and mountains are fragmented, like catkins scattered by strong winds.
Life is turbulent, like duckweed drifting by wind and rain.
On the beach of fear, I once said that I was afraid of state affairs,
On the ocean of zero, I lamented my loneliness.
since ancient times, who can live without death?
Only a sincere heart for the motherland shines in history.
[ Edit this paragraph] III. Introduction to the Poet
Wen Tianxiang (AD 1236-1283), male, patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, Han nationality, self-named Wenshan, Fuxiu Taoist, Jishui, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). Formerly known as Yunsun, the word is good, and the word is Song Rui. Unfortunately, he was captured, and he was righteously killed in prison. Wen Tianxiang's poems in his later years reflect his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. The style is impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal. There are books such as Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu.
Crossing the Zero and Ding Yang is selected from The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang in Wupoling (in the north of Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in 1279, the second year of Emperor Zhao Yuxiang's reign.
[ Edit this paragraph] IV. Poetic background
In May 1278, Zhao Min, a 1-year-old Song Duanzong, died of drowning due to pampering and physical weakness since childhood, and Lu Xiufu and others took Zhao Min, a 7-year-old brother of Li Duanzong, as emperor, with a auspicious year. The court moved to Shan Mountain and sealed the letter of the Lord of Wen Tianxiang. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led his troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, and wanted to recruit soldiers by relying on the risks of mountains and seas, looking for a new opportunity. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.
At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North, and was defeated and captured. He immediately committed suicide by taking borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who had surrendered to Yuan, was sternly rejected.
In the first month of 1279, the Yuan army left the Pearl River Estuary and attacked the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in the South China Sea in Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang was escorted with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean (Zero Ding Ocean is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain near the sea. The sea below the mountain is called Zero Ding Ocean). Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief of Song Jun, who stuck to the Shan Mountain, and Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his will to death, which he solemnly refused. According to Wen Tianxiang's self-note in "Notes to the South",
"Last week, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Yuanshuai to cross the boat, so please write a letter to ask Zhang Shaobao to pay homage. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but teach people to carry their parents, okay?' This poem is left behind. Li can't be strong, holding a poem to get the point, but calling it' a good man and a good poem' can't be forced.
Twenty days after writing this poem, the naval battle at Yashan ended in a fiasco in the Song Dynasty, and Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao Min on his back and died. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty died and the Song Dynasty perished.
[ Edit this paragraph] V. Notes on Poetry
Selected from the Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan
The first sentence wrote his own experience. "Hard" sentence: Tracing back to his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official.
encounter, encounter the imperial court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. In Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was used to test the meaning of classics, and one of the five classics (Yi, Shi, Shu, Li, Spring and Autumn) was optional. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), and then the official was the prime minister. Sparse: Sparse means cold and cheerless, sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
the sentence "mountains and rivers" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable. Yu Daping wrote that personal strength is insignificant for the country, which shows that the author hopes that more sober people with lofty ideals, Qi Xin, can save this situation.
panic beach: in wanan county, Jiangxi province, the current is fast, which is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River and the most dangerous one. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.
"Zero Ding" sentence: I lament the current situation and my own courage and isolation.
After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Ling Dingyang. History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips with seven-character poems, the bamboo sweat (moisture) must be baked with fire, so it is called history.
The poet looks back on his life, but due to the limitation of space, in writing, Yuan Shizu cites two things, namely, entering an official position and losing a war, to sum up the rest. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to win militarily and turn the situation around two years ago. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation.
from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences render the atmosphere of grief and danger to the extreme, while the next two sentences turn from grief and anger to excitement and from depression to high-pitched. "Who has not died in life since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine. " Throughout the ages, people will inevitably die, die to save the motherland, and die for righteousness, and a heart of Dan will hang down in history and shine through the ages. These two passionate and generous poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. Everyone born in this world will die. Don't be afraid of death. Face it bravely. The point is, dying is valuable! People should live well for a day, make contributions to society, and not be a burden to the family and the country. Although Sima Qian suffered from the pain and humiliation of castration, he still insisted on completing the Historical Records, and he went down in history! The whole poem has also become a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it has been a strong song through the ages.
Note
① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.
② "hardship" sentence: tracing back to my early life experience and all kinds of hardships since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar.
③ Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
④ "mountains and rivers" sentence: It means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable.
⑤ trepidation beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.
⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and my own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang.
⑦ history: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.
[ Edit this paragraph] VI. Famous sentences in the poem
No one has died in life since ancient times, so take care of the heart and shine on the history.
"Dan Xin" refers to a red-hot heart, and loyal-hearted is generally described as a person who is loyal to his country.
"history" refers to historical classics. In ancient times, before the invention of paper, to record military events, it could only be engraved on bamboo slips; However, the water in the bamboo slips must be evaporated by torch first, which is convenient for engraving and can prevent insects from eating; Based on this, later generations collectively referred to the ancient books that recorded history as "history".
The meaning of the two poems "Who has never died in life since ancient times? Let's take care of the heart and shine on the history" means that since ancient times, people will inevitably die! But to die meaningfully, if you can be loyal to your country, you can still shine for a thousand years after your death and make a name for yourself in history.
[ Edit this paragraph] VII. Comprehensive Poems
This kind of integrity based on death and ambition is also clearly reflected in Wen Tianxiang's poem "Crossing Zero and Ding Yang". The poem that embodies this integrity is that no one has died in life since ancient times, and it is a matter of keeping a fresh heart and taking care of history.
The "natural and wonderful pair" of semantic pun in the poem "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang" is: fear on the beach says fear, and sigh in the zero Ding Yang.
The sentence that expresses the poet's national integrity and his view of life and death at the expense of righteousness in the poem "Crossing Zero and Ding Yang" is: No one has died since ancient times, so we should keep our hearts open and shine on our history.
The poem "Crossing Zero and Dingyang" borrows metaphors to show how difficult the country is and how personal ups and downs are: the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs.
Note:
① Lingdingyang: It is in the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.
② "hardship" sentence: tracing back to my early life experience and all kinds of hardships since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar.
③ Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
④ "mountains and rivers" sentence: It means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable.
⑤ trepidation beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.
⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and my own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang.
⑦ history: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.
Appreciation 1:
This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang after he was captured. One or two sentences the poet reviews his life, but limited by space, in writing, he cites two things: entering an official position and losing a battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to win militarily in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. From between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin and death, and the desolate mood intertwined with self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This makes the previous feelings and grudges add a tragic and passionate strength and confidence, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, which is far beyond the scope of language and writing.
Appreciation 2:
This is a poem that will last forever. At the beginning of the poem, look back on your life. Intend to be dark