The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.

a city of three miles, a country of seven miles, is invincible if it is encircled and attacked. If the husband attacks it, he will have the right time, but if he doesn't win, the right time is not as good as the right place.

the city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not profitable, and the rice is not too much. It is not as good as human peace to entrust it.

as the saying goes, the people of the territory do not take the border of the frontier as a defense, consolidate the country without taking the risk of mountains and streams, and conquer the world without taking advantage of the military revolution. Those who gain the Tao help more, but those who lose the Tao help less. Poor help

comes to relatives. If you help more, the world will be smooth. Take advantage of the world and attack the relatives, so a gentleman will win if he doesn't fight.

Note

(1)[ Time] includes conditions beyond human power such as season, climate and even political situation.

(2)[ geographical location] refers to the geographical situation conducive to combat.

(3)[ harmony between people] refers to the unity of the people in the war.

(4)[ Sanli City] The inner city of Sanli, Fiona Fang. City: inner city. [The city is not high] The wall is not high.

(5)[ Guo] outer city. A wall built outside the city.

(6)[ ring] surrounding.

(7)[ the] generation of this city

(8)[ and] conjunction table turning point.

(9) The first words of the [husband] sentence are not translated.

(1)[ and] conjunctions turn.

(11)[ Yes] this.

(12)[ also] indicates the tone of judgment, "yes".

(13)[ no] no.

(14)[ Pool] moat.

(15)[ Bing Ge] refers to weapons and equipment. Soldiers, weapons; Leather, armor, armor for protection and so on.

(16) Jianli is excellent. Strong, strong. Lee, sharp.

(17)[ millet] grain.

(18)[ More] sufficient.

(19)[ commission] to give up.

(2)[ and] conjunctions express succession.

(21)[ Go] and leave.

(22)[ zhi] pronoun, instead of "city".

(23)[ therefore] so.

(24)[ domain] used as a verb here means to limit.

(25) rely on [by].

(26) the boundary line delineated by [the boundary of the frontier]. Seal, delimit. The frontier. Boundaries, boundaries.

(27) consolidation.

(28) national defense.

(29) Mountains and rivers.

(3)[ Wei] deter and establish prestige.

(31) The monarch who practices "benevolent governance". A person who is a monarch. Tao, justice. The same below.

(32) A monarch who does not practice "benevolent government".

(33) few.

(34) Reach the extreme.

(35)[ the bank] is connected with "rebellion" and betrayal.

(36)[ submit] to, obey

(37)[ rely on].

(38) Cancel sentence independence between subject and predicate.

(39)[ therefore] so.

(4)[ Yes] Either, or.

Translation

The favorable weather is not as good as the geographical advantage, and the geographical situation conducive to combat is not as good as the will of the soldiers and the unity from top to bottom. The inner city of Fiona Fang Sanli and the outer city of Fiona Fang Qili surrounded and attacked it, but they could not win. Around attacking it, you must have got favorable weather, but you can't win, because the weather conditions conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation conducive to combat. The city walls are not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not weak and sharp, and the food is not insufficient. However, the city guards abandon the city and flee. This is because the geographical situation favorable to the battle is not as good as the people's will in the battle, and they are United from top to bottom. Therefore, people can't settle down without moving to other places, and they can't rely on the boundaries of designated territories; Consolidating national defense cannot rely on the dangers of mountains and rivers; Conquering the world cannot rely on the strength of force. People who practice benevolent policies have many people who help and support him; People who don't practice benevolent government have few people to help and support him. There are so few people who help him that relatives inside and outside will betray him; There are so many people who help him that everyone will submit to him. By virtue of the fact that all the people in the world submitted to him, they attacked the helpless king who was opposed by relatives (brothers and flesh) at home and abroad. Therefore, if the monarch does not fight, he will surely win.

3 Author's brief introduction

Mencius (about 372 BC ~ about 289 BC), whose name was Ke, the word Ziyu, was a native of Zouguo (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). Some people think that Zouguo is a subordinate country of Lu, while others say that Mencius is a native of Lu. Great thinker, educator and politician in the Warring States period. One of the main representatives of Confucianism is the school of Confucianism. Politically, he advocated that the law should precede the king and be benevolent; In theory, Confucius was praised and Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai were opposed.

Mencius is one of the Confucian classics, which mainly records the words and deeds, political theories and debates on philosophy, ethics and educational thoughts of Mencius, his disciples and his re-disciples. The article is thorough in reasoning, magnificent, fluent in language and full of emotion.

Mencius learned from Zisi (a student who learned from Zisi), inherited and promoted Confucius' thoughts, and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius, and was called "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby countries. But it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and he retired to write with his disciples. There are seven pieces of Mencius handed down from generation to generation, the titles of which are: Liang Huiwang, up and down; "GongSunChou" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; Li Lou; "Zhang Wan" up and down; "Gao Zi" goes up and down; "Dedicated" up and down. The starting point of his theory is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean "Four Books". From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination. Mencius' article is eloquent, full of momentum and good at argument.

Mencius' distant ancestor was Meng Sun Shi, an aristocrat of Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou. It is said that Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu raised him hard. Meng Mu was very strict, and his stories such as "Meng Mu moved three times" and "teaching his son by breaking the machine" became beautiful stories throughout the ages, which was a model of maternal education in later generations.

Mencius is one of the Confucian classics. The ideological core of Mencius is "benevolence" and "righteousness", and advocating "benevolent government" is the development of Confucius' thought. His prose is full of momentum, strong feelings and full of agitation; Being good at using metaphors to explain things and debate right and wrong can not only attract people's attention, but also enhance the image power of persuading Mencius. The article "I want what I want" embodies these characteristics well.

Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, but his position was not very high before the Song Dynasty. Since Han Yu in the mid-Tang Dynasty wrote The Original Tao, and listed Mencius as the only figure in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited the Confucian orthodoxy, there has been a "upgrading movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his books has gradually risen. In the fourth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (171), Mencius was included in the imperial examination for the first time. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (183), Mencius was officially named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and was approved to enjoy the Confucius Temple in the following year. Later, Mencius was upgraded to a Confucian classic. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined Mencius with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books, and its actual position was even higher than the Five Classics. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (133), Mencius was named "Asian Saint" and later called "Asian Saint", ranking second only to Confucius. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang compiled "The Festival of Mencius", and deleted the sentences in "Mencius", such as "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light", and "The man who is a thief is called a husband, and it is unheard of to kill a gentleman".

4 classic quotations

1. If you don't follow the rules, you can't be Fiona Fang.

If you don't use compasses and rulers, you can't draw squares and circles correctly.

2, right, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length.

Only when the translation is weighed can the weight be known; Measure it, and you will know the length.

3. People can do something if they don't, and then they can do something.

Only when people do something can they do something.

4. although there are things that are easy to live in the world, if they are violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live.

Even if there is a plant that grows most easily, nothing can grow again if it is dried for one day and frozen for ten days.

5. if it is sharp, it will be slow.

People who advance too fast will retreat too quickly.

6, the official of the heart thinks, thinks and gets it, and does not think.

The organ function of heart lies in thinking, which can only be obtained, but it cannot be obtained without thinking.

7. Only the benevolent should be in a high position. Being unkind and in a high position is to spread its evil to the public.

Only benevolent people with high morality should be in a dominant position. If the immoral person with low morality is in a dominant position, he will spread his sins to the masses.

8. The son of heaven is heartless and does not protect the four seas; The princes are heartless and do not protect the country; Doctor Qing is heartless and does not protect the ancestral temple; Shu Ren was heartless, and he didn't protect his four bodies.

If the Emperor of Heaven can't be benevolent, he can't keep his world. If a vassal can't be benevolent, he can't keep his country; Qing and the doctor can't "benevolent government", so they can't keep his ancestral temple; Ordinary people can't be "benevolent", so they can't keep their bodies.

9. The monarch is benevolent and invincible in the world.

If the monarch of a country loves benevolence, the whole world will have no rivals.

1. Save punishment, collect taxes thinly, and cultivate deeply.

Reduce punishment and taxes, so that people can cultivate intensively and get rid of dirty grass early.

11. The benevolent is invincible.

A benevolent person has no enemies.

12. For a house of five acres, the trees can be mulberry, and the fifty can be clothed. Chickens, dolphins and dogs are livestock, and there is no time to lose. Seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, don't seize the moment, a family of several can be hungry. I sincerely hope that the teaching of the order will be filial, and those who award it will not be put on the road.

Every house that gives him five acres of land is surrounded by mulberry trees, so people over 5 can wear silk cotton-padded jackets. Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs and pigs will have meat to eat if they don't disturb their breeding period. If a family gives him 1 mu of land and doesn't disturb the law of its seasonal growth, then a family of several people can have enough to eat. Run schools at all levels well, and enlighten them repeatedly with the principle of filial piety and love for their brothers. Then, old people with gray hair will be helped by others, and they will not walk on the road with their heads up and things on their backs.

13, easy to its territory, thin its tax collection, people can make rich.

Doing well in farming and reducing taxes can make the people rich.

14. You are benevolent and merciless; Junyi, all righteous; Jun Zheng, Mo Zheng.

The monarch is benevolent, and no one is unkind; Monarchism, no one is unjust; The monarch is right, and no one is wrong.

15. People are happy when they are happy; People worry about their worries, and people worry about their worries.

A monarch who takes the happiness of the people as his own happiness, the people will take the happiness of the monarch as their own happiness; A monarch who takes the worries of the people as his own worries, the people will also take the worries of the monarch as their own worries.

The next chapter

16. Benevolence is glory, and unkindness is humiliation.

if the princes and ministers practice benevolent policies, they will have glory; If you act inhumanely, you will suffer humiliation.

17. Those who have a constant birth have perseverance, and those who have no constant birth have no perseverance. If you have no perseverance, you will do whatever you want.

People with certain industrial income have certain moral concepts and codes of conduct, while people without certain industrial income will not have certain moral concepts and codes of conduct. If there is no certain moral concept and code of conduct, you will run amok, violate the law and discipline, and do anything.

18. Fight for land, killing people to make a profit; Fighting for the city, killing people to gain the city, this so-called rate of land and eating human flesh, the crime can not be allowed to die.

Fighting for land, killing people everywhere; Fighting for the city, killing people all over the city. This is to lead the land to eat human flesh, and the death penalty is not enough to redeem their sins.

19. Your minister is like a hand and a foot, then I regard you as a heart; If you treat me like a dog or a horse, then I treat you like a Chinese; If you treat me like dirt, then I treat you like enmity.

The monarch regards his lieutenants as his own brothers and sisters, and his lieutenants will regard the monarch as their heart. The monarch regards the liegeman as an ox and a horse, and the liegeman will regard the monarch as an ordinary person he meets on the road; The monarch regards his lieutenants as dirt or weeds, and his lieutenants will regard the monarch as their enemies.

2. Fish is what I want, and bear's paw is what I want; You can't have both, and you can take the bear's paw instead of the fish. Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want; You can't have both, and those who give up their lives for righteousness are also.

fish is what I want, and bear's paw is what I want. These two things cannot be obtained at the same time, so I choose bear's paw instead of fish. Life is also what I want, and righteousness (truth, belief and justice are beneficial to the public's thoughts and actions) is also what I want. If these two things cannot be obtained at the same time, I will give up life and choose righteousness.

21. I am old, and people are old; Young, young, and young people.

Respect my elders, which is extended to respect others' elders; Take care of your younger generation, so as to extend it to younger generations who care for others.

22, Mencius said: water is not divided into things, nor is it divided into up and down? The goodness of human nature is even better than water. There is nothing wrong with people, and there is nothing wrong with water Today's husband's water, beating and jumping, can make it too long; If you are excited, you can make it in the mountains. Is it the nature of water Its potential is also natural! People can be bad, and their nature is still good.

Mencius said, "Water quality has no distinction between east and west. Is it equal? The goodness of human nature is just like water flowing downwards. No man is unkind, just as water flows downwards. Now on the other side of water, beat it hard to make it jump, it can be higher than people's forehead; Interception makes it whirl, and it can stop on the mountain. How is this so water-based? This is really caused by external forces! Man can make him do bad things. This kind of behavior that goes against his good nature is essentially the same as letting water flow downwards against it. "

23. Killing an innocent person is neither benevolence nor righteousness.

It is unkind to kill an innocent person; It is unjust to go and get it when you don't own it.

24. A thief who is kind is called a "thief" and a thief who is righteous is called a "remnant". The remnant thief is called "one husband". It's unheard of to kill a man, but it's unheard of to kill a king.

People who destroy kindness are called "thieves" and those who destroy morality are called "disabled". Such a person, we call him a "single husband". I only heard that Zhou Wuwang killed her husband, Yin Zhou. I've never heard of him killing the king as a minister.

25. The sage is in office, while the able is in office.

The translation makes virtuous people occupy quite official positions, and talented people hold certain positions.

26. Respect the sage and enable him, and Junjie is in office.

Respect moral people, use capable people, and outstanding people have official positions.

27. The people are the most important, followed by the country, and the monarch is the least important.

The people are the most important, followed by the God of Earth Valley, who represents the country, and the monarch is the lightest.

28, from Mencius: who is happy, alone or with others? Later, it evolved into an idiom, and being alone is not as good as being happy!

Translation means that it is better for one person to enjoy music than to enjoy music with others.

29. Shun Fa was born in an acre, and Fu Shuo was raised in a plate building.