Sima is a strategist,
Mistaken Shu as the homeland.
Wisdom and fame do not require courage and merit,
Win, but work hard.
This is a poem with an embedded name, in which "Sima Cuo outsmarted him" is embedded. Seeing that a friend is so versatile, another friend is not to be outdone and immediately recites a poem:
Sima Gong sat in the temple,
Take the wrong blade of Bashu skillfully.
Talking about the basis of hegemony with laughter,
Eventually, China will be unified.
Someone asked, "Sima Cuo outsmarted him" in other people's poems. What's in your poem? In my poem, "Sima Cuo laughs and laughs into one".
Liu Xiang said: You are showing off one poem after another. Give me an idea! Everyone unanimously said: the brothers wrote well, and the brothers all passed, allowing publication!
According to unofficial history's Gege Chunqiu, the historical classic Warring States Policy not only pays attention to historical materials, but also attaches great importance to the literariness of articles, including some very famous literary works. It is precisely because the article is very beautiful that later researchers questioned its authenticity as historical materials. Take this article "Sima Cuo on Cutting Shu" for example! Zhang Yi advocated cutting Korea to attack Zhou, Sima Cuo advocated destroying Shu, and King Qin Huiwen immediately adopted Sima Cuo's opinion. Come to think of it, will it be so simple? Sun Tzu said: Soldiers, the important affairs of the country, the place of life and death, and the way of survival must be observed! War is a matter of national life and death and must be seriously considered. How can you make a decision in a few words on which country to use force against? Analysis in Gege Chunqiu shows that this is the beauty of the policy narrative of the Warring States Period. Many articles are just to clarify the point of view and do not record unnecessary plots. Or take "Sima Cuo's Theory of Cutting Shu" as an example, the article only focuses on the views of Zhang Yi, Sima Cuo and King Qin Huiwen, and all other arguments are deleted, which can better highlight the central idea of the article. After all, what is the argument between Sima Cuo and Yi Cheung? Next, friends should listen to Gege slowly.
According to unofficial history's Gege Chunqiu, Sima Cuo's ancestral home in xia yang, now Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province, is the eighth ancestor of Sima Qian, a historian. He was a famous general of Qin State during the Warring States Period, and later he was called "Three Generals of Qin State" with Bai Qi and Wang Jian. In Gege Chunqiu, it is said that Bai Qi is good at strategic planning and Wang Jian is good at meticulous tactics. These two men's military skills have been fully reflected in all the battles they commanded, which has attracted the attention of future military strategists. Sima Cuo is good at strategy and strategic timing. As Sun Tzu said, "The victorious soldiers win before the war, and the defeated soldiers win after the war", he made the war a shoo-in at the strategic planning stage. In this way, the battle he commanded is meaningless in the eyes of laymen, and it is rarely surprising. This is also the beauty of Sima Cuo's use of military force, as Sun Tzu said: The winner has no wisdom and no name, and the loser has no courage. It seems ordinary, but it is meticulous and profound, but it is everywhere. Sima Cuo's contribution mainly lies in cutting Shu. Under the historical conditions at that time, the land of Bashu was obtained, which was equivalent to nearly doubling the territory of Qin State and increasing the population by nearly one third. What is this concept? Equal to the comprehensive national strength of Qin doubled! It is precisely because of the success of Sima Cuo's attack on Shu that the Dujiangyan Project, presided over by Li Bing, the commander of Shu after Qin State, was created, thus creating a land of abundance as the granary of Qin State, which provided abundant manpower and material resources for the later reunification of the whole country.
As for the historical background of cutting Shu, Gege Chunqiu made a detailed record. In the ninth year of King Huiwen of Qin-3 16 BC, Pakistan, two neighboring countries to the south of Qin, went to war with Shu. The capital of Pakistan is now Chongqing, and the capital of Shu is now Chengdu. When Shu was strong and Ba was weak, Ba knew he was defeated and turned to Qin for help. Sima Cuo saw that the bargain was coming, and in the name of aiding Pakistan, he urged him to send his troops to destroy Shu. The Prime Minister Yi Cheung shook his head like a rattle, trying to laugh at Sima Cuo. Zhang Yi said: If you want to be famous, you have to go to a big city, because there are many people there! If you want to achieve hegemony, you must go to the Central Plains to compete with various governors. Our current strategic policy should be to defeat South Korea, intimidate the Zhou royal family, and then achieve the goal of ordering the princes of the world. Shu is just a wild land, remote and savage, and attacking will only make people tired. Even if it is occupied, it cannot establish a reputation among the princes. Don't go to the Central Plains to compete with powerful countries, and go to remote places to compete for profits with barbarians. Isn't it getting farther and farther away from the goal of hegemony?
Zhang Yi's point of view occupies the overall thinking of the central city. "Gege Chunqiu" said that no matter in which historical period, there will be such people who are eager for quick success and instant benefit. Regardless of historical conditions, such people always want to eat a fat man in one bite, hold the illusion that the revolution will succeed one day, regard their frivolous and impatience as high enthusiasm, but look down on others' down-to-earth attitude and think that others are short-sighted and not enough to achieve great things. In fact, with the national strength of Qin at that time, it was far from enough to compete with the heroes of the Central Plains. Rushing to send troops is directly related to national security. Sima Cuo's argument for attacking Shu is: those who want to be rich should be broad; Those who want to strengthen their soldiers must be good to their people; If you want to be king, do your best. This sentence means that to make the country rich and strong, we must work hard to expand our territory; If you want to be strong militarily, you must first make the people rich; If you want to dominate the world, you must let the people support you morally. What are you afraid of? We can manage it! One more territory is one point, and one more inch is one inch, which is the foundation of our development. Now Shu is invading Pakistan, and we are famous for sending troops in the name of saving the weak. If we give up cutting Shu and attack South Korea and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the East, it will inevitably lead to self-isolation. Don't forget that the Zhou royal family is still the nominal master of the world! In the long run, we should seize the land of Bashu, because it can be used as a springboard to attack Chu. If you get Shu, you get Chu, and if you get Chu, you get the world.
The historical background and respective viewpoints of Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo. Finally, King Huiwen of Qin supported Sima Cuo's plan, and Sima Cuo led troops to attack Shu. Although it is said that "the difficulty of Shu Dao lies in the sky" and "48,000 years have passed without communicating with Qin Emperor", don't forget: Qin also has a "friend" from Pakistan to help! Because Qin destroyed Shu under the banner of aiding Pakistan. Because Sima Cuo's judgment of the situation was very correct, the destruction of Shu by Qin was almost effortless, and it took only ten months to complete. Since Shu has been destroyed, how can we let go of the weak Pakistan exhausted by the war? Sima Cuo went on to wipe out Pakistan as easy as blowing off dust. There was no just war in the Spring and Autumn Period, and there was no need for any reason to destroy a small country in the Warring States Period.
According to Gege Chunqiu, Sima Cuo later went to Shu twice to counter the rebellion. The first time was in the first year of Qin Wuwang-3 10 BC. Chen Zhuang, the king of Shu, rebelled, and Sima Cuo was ordered to help put down the rebellion. Finally, Chen Zhuang was punished. The second time was in the sixth year of Qin Zhaoxiang-that is, in 30 1 year BC, the commander-in-chief of Shu and Duke Hui of Shu made an insurrection in Shu, rebelling against Qin independence, and Sima Cuo went to Shu again to counter the rebellion, killing 27 people including Duke Hui and Doctor Zhong Ling, which led to chaos in Shu.
The development of history is not satisfied with Sima Cuo's plan to cut Shu. According to Gege Chunqiu, in the twenty-seventh year of Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, in 280 BC, Sima Cuo led Qin Jun to attack Chuqianzhong County (now the western part of Hunan Province and the northeastern part of Guizhou Province) from Longxi, defeated the defenders, seized the county, and forced Chu to cede a large territory of Heshangyong (now the northwestern part of Hubei Province) to Qin. After Sima Cuo destroyed Shu in BC 107, that is, in the Chu-Han War in 223 BC, Qin Jun took the former Batu Chongqing as the base and entered the territory of Chu along the Yangtze River waterway, successfully completing the feat of destroying Chu. In recent years, a large number of bamboo slips and Qin Ying sites discovered by archaeologists in Chongqing have become strong evidence of this historical fact. According to Gege Chunqiu, the most successful battles commanded by Sima Cuo were the battles to destroy Shu in 365 BC and 438+06 BC, and the battle of Qianzhong County in 280 BC. However, because these two battles were minor battles, they rarely attracted the attention of later military strategists, which proved the superb art of Sima Cuo's war from the opposite side.
Gege said these things, is it necessary to explain those two poems? Combining these stories, the meaning of those two poems is obvious. However, in order to save friends' time, Gege added a few superfluous words and told these two poems together. The meaning of the first poem is: Sima Cuo commands the army, which contains profound strategies. He thinks Shu is the territory of Qin. As Sun Tzu said, he used his troops "without wisdom and namelessness, without courage and without plan", and his superb art of war is a thousand times better than fighting on the battlefield!
Oh, Sima CuO outsmarted him!
The meaning of the second poem is: In the temple, pre-war planning made great achievements, and Sima Cuo avoided the enemy's edge and took advantage of Bashu. Talking and laughing, the foundation of Qin was solid, and then the country was finally unified.
Yes, Sima Cuo smiled and laughed into a unified system!