The most important thing is that "November criminals" are accused of treason, which goes against the so-called national justice.
Treaty of Versailles:
On November 11th, 1918, the world war finally ended, and ludendorff's prediction came true almost immediately. Although the war was over, Britain continued to blockade Europe for a year, which made Germany short of materials and people miserable. The Treaty of Versailles signed by Weimar * * and the Chinese government is even more regarded as extremely harsh, which is not what the German people expected at first.
However, the Treaty of Versailles surprised the Germans: Germany had to cede about 1% of its territory, demilitarize the Rhineland, let France occupy the Saarland region and pay a large amount of reparations (paying off debts in 7 years until 1988). For them, the most important thing is the war crimes treaty: Germany must admit full responsibility for starting the war.
However, in the years after the war, the Allies were willing to reduce the reparations so that Germany could resist the expansion of the Soviet Union. In the end, Germany paid only one eighth of the reparations (see Lausanne Conference for details).
after Germany surrendered, the allied forces never occupied German territory, while the Germans on the western front were still in northern France. Moreover, Lenin negotiated peace with the Germans at that time, and in March Russia signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which won a large number of Russian territories and reparations in Eastern Europe. This means that Germany defeated Russia, and that Germany still had a chance to win at that time. As a result, many Germans are convinced that the Germans are invincible and there is no possibility of defeat. In other words, as long as the government representatives did not "betray the country for glory" and the country did not collapse because of the revolution, the Germans would surely win. For some Germans, even if they have to make peace, they believe that the Allies will treat Germany leniently according to the 14-point peace principle.
the reason why the treaty is regarded as a great shame is that it seriously damages Germany's sovereignty and national dignity.
Strong response:
Therefore, conservative nationalists and former military leaders in Germany took this opportunity to put the blame on others. The most famous scapegoats are the leaders, socialists, industrialists and "international Jews" of Weimar Republic, that is, Jews who are regarded as "rich and heartless". All the above people are called "November criminals" and accused of betraying the nation, including criticizing German nationalism, inciting rebellion, inciting strikes in the military industry and profiteering. Most importantly, "November criminals" are accused of treason, which runs counter to the so-called national justice.
The above argument seems to be supported by solid evidence. When Germany surrendered, the Germans remained in the territory of France and Belgium; The war did not affect German territory at all. At the beginning of 1918, ludendorff launched a spring offensive to break through, which almost allowed the Germans to win, but finally failed. Some Germans who are dissatisfied with the status quo accuse the workers of the military industry of going on strike in the emergency of the war, which leads to the lack of German armaments and makes it fail. They claimed that the strike was an act of treason, and the Jews should bear the greatest responsibility.
This ignores Germany's position in the war and how individual strength is marginalized at the front. With the development of war economy and the appearance of total war, it may actually be a brand-new war mode that defeated Germany.
In any case, the legend of stabbing in the back spread widely after the war, which later enabled the Nazi party with a very racist color to gain public support. In 1919, the German revolution continued. The * * * producers established the Bavarian Soviet Republic, which was finally suppressed and overthrown by the right-wing Freedom Corps. Because most of the leading members of the Soviet Union were Jews, anti-Semitists labeled Jews as "traitorous * * * producers" when they carried out propaganda.