Around 30 BC, Rome first formed the scale of an empire. At that time, Octavian was in charge of political, military and religious power, and no one could doubt his unstable supreme power. Caesar's warning made Octavian, who has always been cautious, clearly realize that if he wants to consolidate his position in the civil war, he must build his rule on the basis of universal recognition of the people, and get the support of the nobles and the practical cooperation of the Senate. He accepted the title of "Augustus" modestly, obeyed the public opinion cautiously, and covered up his true face of autocracy.
Octavian was a great statesman in Roman history. He achieved great success in internal affairs, finance and military affairs, bringing an unprecedented "golden age" to Rome. He brought peace to Roman citizens for 20 years. During this period, he built roads and allowed free trade, which promoted the convenience and prosperity of commercial transactions and led to the heyday of the Roman Empire. In order to consolidate the political power, he advocated restoring the simple customs of ancient times and promulgated a series of laws to reward fertility and oppose debauchery. He was good at observing public opinion, paid special attention to and maintained the old Roman religion, and built many temples and buildings. He also spent a lot of money with Roman dignitaries to build various buildings in Rome to make Rome look brand-new. Octavian once proudly said, "I accepted a Roman city made of bricks, but left a marble city."
On his deathbed, Octavian was convinced that he had established a rock-solid system of succession to the throne. But contrary to expectations, shortly after his death, the country fell into a power struggle, and the four emperors who succeeded him: Tiberius, Regula, Claudius and Nero all seized the throne by force. Violent incidents such as assassination, sabotage and revenge are endless. In 68 AD, Nero, a famous tyrant in Roman history, was besieged and committed suicide. Within a year, four more emperors appeared in Rome.
It was not until Emperor Vespekian ascended the throne that the change of the throne ended. His 10 years of rule brought short-term stability to Rome, and he once again began the hereditary inheritance of another family. His son Titus once revived his military strength. In 70 AD, the Roman Expeditionary Force occupied Jerusalem and destroyed the temple. Later, between A.D. 138 and A.D. 180, Anthony, Horilo and several subsequent emperors brought a period of peaceful governance. In these 40 years, Rome has presented a scene of stability and prosperity. However, the good times did not last long. The assassination of Emperor Commodus in A.D. 192 triggered a series of power struggles. The change of the throne was as rapid as a lantern, and the emperors all died in catastrophe.
Then, at the age of 14, Iligai Belas ascended the throne, but was assassinated in 222 AD. The imperial power fell into the hands of his cousin Alexander Severus, but it was his mother who actually took power. However, in 13, Alexander's mother and son were also assassinated. After that, every emperor's rule was full of problems, turmoil and very short-lived. Over the past half century, there have been no fewer than 22 emperors in Rome, and there are still many ambitious people in the provinces under the rule of the empire who want to be emperors on their own.
At this time, Rome has fallen into the whirlpool of recession and its prestige has dropped greatly. Long-term chaos shows that the power of the Roman Empire is not as good as before. This situation is a strong temptation to the enemies around the coveted empire. Among these enemies, Germanic ministries pose the greatest threat. They were forced by the east and the west to face the border of the empire on the Dodds River.
The Goths first invaded Asia Minor, then the Jareman entered Spain, and finally the Franks invaded Ebalunius. Valerian, the Roman emperor, turned to King Sarniels bohr of Persia for help, but he was arrested during the talks, became a prisoner of a foreign country, and was tortured to death in unbearable humiliation.
Valerian's son Galina ascended the throne in the darkest period of Roman history. There are many difficulties at home and abroad, but he still insists on restoring his glorious past. He ordered the symbol of "world peace" to be engraved on ordinary currency, hoping to make people remember what he hoped to achieve. Thanks to amazing efforts and good opportunities, his goal of encouraging progress has finally been realized. After him, several emperors who were military leaders made more indelible contributions to this goal.
These emperors, who were born in the army, were all brave and good at fighting. Clogos II defeated the Goths at Nesos. Olian, the "restorer of order", defeated the invasion of Arreman and Queen Nobia successively, and put down the rebellion of western countries. Olian's successor, Broba, drove away aleman and the Franks. The next emperor Carlos drove the Persian Empire out of the Roman Empire.
In 284 AD, Carlos the Great was killed by Appel, the leader of the Guards, but his goal had been achieved. On the surface, at least, the divided Roman Empire has restored its former unity. Anoos, son of Carlos, succeeded to the throne as emperor, but was assassinated by Abel who plotted to usurp the throne. 1654381On October 20th, Dai Crick, the captain of the Imperial Guards, exposed Abel's crime at a soldier's rally in Nicomia and personally killed him. So he was elected emperor by the army.
After gaining the throne, Diocletian, the son of a freed slave, carried out a series of reform activities to solve the ruling problems faced by the Roman Empire. He saw that such a huge empire, if not split, will inevitably split. Therefore, it was decided to implement decentralized rule. He divided Rome into two parts. The eastern provinces formed the Eastern Roman Empire and the western provinces formed the Western Roman Empire. There is an emperor in the East and an emperor in the West (Augustus). The two emperors enjoy the same power as colleagues. Two Augustus appointed another Caesar as their heir. Dai Crick ruled the eastern part of the empire alone, Galerius ruled the Kaiser, Maksimian Nuss ruled the west, and Constantine ruled the Kaiser, forming a "four kings * * * ruling system".
After Dai Crick abdicated in 305 AD, Sidi Tutanding and East Emperor Lixinius failed to inherit and fought against each other according to their respective inheritance systems. In 324 AD, Constantine defeated the eastern Roman army, captured kiness and put him to death, and the empire was reunified.
The era of Constantine the Great brought prosperity to the Roman Empire. He took two important measures. In 3 12, the freedom of Christian belief was guaranteed, and in 325, Christianity was ordered to be the main religion of the Roman Empire. This made Christianity take root in the European world in the future and laid the foundation for the main influence of European civilization. He thought that Rome was not enough as the center of imperial rule, and once the barbarians in the north invaded, Rome's position was in jeopardy. So his second important measure. Is to move the capital to Byzantium and establish Constantinople, the new capital of the Roman Empire.
In 337 AD, Constantine the Great died, and the Roman Empire was divided into three parts, which were divided among his three sons. Less than a year after the tripartite confrontation, the two brothers began to compete for power and land, and the Western Roman Empire once again fell into the decadent scene before Constantine and Diocletian.
Since then, there have been wars in the empire and slave peasant uprisings. Driven by the Huns, the Germans moved into Rome on a large scale and defeated the Roman army many times. In 4 10, Rome, known as the eternal city, was captured by visigoths, and a series of barbarian kingdoms were established on the imperial map. Under this joint attack, the Western Roman Empire gradually declined and existed in name only.
In 475 AD, the young emperor romulus Augustus ascended the throne of the Western Roman Empire. In the second year, he was deposed by a coup staged by Odyak, a German-born Guards officer. At this point, the Western Roman Empire was completely destroyed. Fortunately, the Eastern Roman Empire flourished until the15th century. In A.D. 1453, Ottoman troops captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, ending the rule of the Millennium Empire.
As an ancient slave country, the Roman Empire's fundamental limitations doomed its existence. Therefore, when the slave economy in Rome came to an end, the fate of extinction fell from the sky. The great migration of Germans only accelerated the process of disintegration from the outside and the demise of the empire.
References:
The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, the Roman Empire, the last words of a Roman emperor.