1 key points of narrative style knowledge (1) an article with narrative as its main expression is called narrative. The language features are vivid and vivid. (2) The life reflected in the work and the author's view on life are the center of narrative, which is also called the central idea. The central idea is expressed by people, events, scenes and things. Therefore, the materials of narrative must serve the central idea. Concentration. (3) There are several kinds of narrative order: chronological order, flashback, and interpolation. Ordinarily, the process of narration is based on the occurrence and development of the event. Flashback, the ending of the event or a most prominent fragment is mentioned at the beginning of the article, and then the events are written in chronological order. Interpolation: in the narrative process, it is sometimes necessary to insert other relevant plots, and then the original events are described. Materials related to the center, but not very important, should be omitted; Materials unrelated to the center should be abandoned. In this way, the center of narrative can be concentrated, distinct and prominent. (5) Narrative styles are common: communication that makes specific reports on typical characters and deeds in real life. Close-ups of real people and stories are described in written language and literary techniques. Scenery of mountains and rivers are described, and travel notes based on travel experiences are made. Memoirs, biographies, interviews, etc., recalling my own life experiences and social activities are the same. Necessary processing is required for what is written, so as to make the article central, vivid and ingenious. (6) Close-up is a style of reportage, which intercepts a certain fragment of a person or event and describes it in detail. (7) Biographies are generally divided into two categories: one is to describe one's own life; One kind narrates the life of others. The main feature of biography is factual record, which requires seeking truth from facts and does not allow fiction and exaggeration. Biography is mainly narrative in expression, and it can also be appropriately inserted with discussion and description. The order of biographical narration is generally chronological. The difference between a character and a character story is that a character story only needs to specifically write an event or a few things about the character. Biography requires writing the birthplace, date of birth, main experience, etc. The difference between the complexity and simplicity of autobiographies lies in that autobiographies can be written in different ways according to their needs, and they can write all their experiences or their experiences in a certain period. 2 Essentials of Stylistic Knowledge of Explanatory Writing (1) An article that takes explanation as the main expression and explains things or things according to certain requirements is called explanatory writing. The language features of expository writing are accurate, plain and concise. (2) The premise of explaining things is to grasp the characteristics of things. The so-called characteristics are the signs that distinguish things from each other. (3) The explanatory order of the explanatory text is: spatial order, chronological order, logical order, (there is a general statement and then a sub-statement, first major and then secondary, first cause and then result, from phenomenon to essence, from performance to function, etc.) (4) The commonly used explanatory methods are: classification, explanation, examples, analogy, comparison, figures and charts. (5) Explanatory texts can be divided into two categories according to the object and content: explaining physical things and explaining abstract things. According to the writing methods and expressions, expositions can be divided into plain expositions and literary expositions. (6) The difference between plain expositions and literary expositions lies in the fact that plain expositions are purely expressive, with simple and concise language and specific content, so that people can understand them after reading them. Such as all kinds of textbooks of natural science. Scientific and technological information, experimental reports, manuals, etc. Literary expositions are mainly based on explanations, supplemented by narrative, description, lyric and other expressions, and often use some rhetorical methods to visually introduce things or explain things, so that readers can enjoy art while gaining knowledge. Such expositions are usually called knowledge sketches or scientific sketches. (7) The difference between the description in expository and narrative: A has different purposes: the description in narrative is to "make people feel something"; The description of explanatory text is to "make people know" B narrative can play many roles by using various descriptive methods according to the needs of the central idea. Descriptive writing can only make some necessary descriptions of the characteristics of things in the process of explaining things, with the help of a certain visualization technique, mainly to make the characteristics of the things explained more specific and vivid. C the description in narrative can give full play to artistic imagination, exaggeration and rendering, while the description in expository can be processed under the premise of being realistic and realistic, so as to be vivid and authentic. 3 knowledge points of argumentative writing style (1) discussion is indispensable in life, reasoning, and expressing opinions is discussion. An article with argument as its main expression is an argumentative essay. (2) arguments always put forward opinions or propositions, which are arguments, materials used to prove arguments are arguments, and the process of proving arguments with arguments is the argumentation process. (3) There are two kinds of materials used to prove arguments: factual materials (factual arguments) are conclusive examples; Historical facts; Statistics, etc. Theoretical materials (arguments) are famous sayings of celebrities; Epigram; Motto; Scientific principles; Laws of nature; Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. (4) The basic structure of argumentative writing: asking questions; Analyze the problem; Solve the problem. The basic argumentation method of argumentative writing: putting facts and reasoning. Demonstration mode: argument, refutation. The so-called argument is to state one's views positively. Refutation is to refute the wrong viewpoint. (5) The writing characteristics of argumentative essays on one issue and one discussion: making comments by taking the matter as an example and explaining the truth on the matter. And from "things" to discussion. It is necessary to sort out and grasp the connection point between the two before we can discuss it logically, which is the key to "one thing, one discussion". (6) There are several common styles of argumentative essays: editorials, comments, academic papers, special discussions, miscellaneous feelings, essays, and speeches and letters that focus on discussion. Among the above styles, some are theoretical and some are literary. Stylistic knowledge of argumentative writing 1. The three elements of argumentative writing are argument, argument and argumentation. Argument is the soul of argumentative writing. 2. Argument is the author's opinions and opinions on the discussed issues. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, while others also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument to prove or supplement the central argument. 3. Grasping the arguments of argumentative essays can generally be started from three aspects: first, examining the topics. Some argumentative essays are the arguments of the article itself; Some argumentative essays, although their title is not the argument of the article, show the topic of the article and provide clues to grasp the argument of the article. Second, find the central sentence. Argumentative papers often have statements at the beginning or end that show the author's attitude towards the problems discussed. This statement is the argument of the article. Sometimes, this kind of central sentence will appear in the middle of the article. Third, refining and induction. That is to find out the author's basic attitude towards the topic, and then summarize it accordingly. If the article discusses several sub-arguments, it will be properly collected and expressed in a complete and clear statement. The presentation of the central argument is generally as follows: 1. The title is the central argument. 2. The central argument is presented at the beginning of the article. 3. The central argument appears at the end of the article. 4. The presentation of the argument: some argumentative arguments are expressed in clear sentences in the article, and we just need to find them out; Others are not directly expressed in clear sentences, which need to be extracted and summarized by readers themselves. Attention should be paid to the proposition and establishment of the argument: ① correctness. The persuasiveness of an argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, which in turn depends on whether the author's position, viewpoint, attitude and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even lies, no matter how it is demonstrated, it cannot convince people. ② distinctiveness. What is in favor of and against should be very clear, not ambiguous and ambiguous. ③ Novelty. Arguments should be as original and profound as possible, which can go beyond other people's opinions. They should not repeat other people's platitudes, nor be irrelevant and superficial. They should be as original and novel as possible. 4. Arguments are materials used to prove and support arguments in argumentative essays. Reasoning argument and fact argument are two basic forms of argument. Factual arguments refer to representative and conclusive examples, historical facts and statistics. Rational arguments refer to the theories of revolutionary instructors, speeches of celebrities, theorems in scientific fields and common sense in life, which have been tested by practice and whose correctness has been recognized by people. Arguments and arguments in argumentative essays are closely related. It is the relationship between proof and being proved. When reading an argumentative essay, we should first analyze the facts provided by the author, see the truth from the facts, and then test whether it is logically consistent with the argument of the article. 5. Reading argumentative papers should also grasp the argument. Arguments and arguments in argumentative essays are organized through argumentation. (1) What is argument? Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument of argumentation is to solve "what to prove", the argument is to solve "what to prove", and the argument is to solve the problem of "how to demonstrate". The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between arguments and arguments. (2) Demonstration methods: divided into two types: argument and refutation. (1) argument is a way of argument that positively proves the correctness of the author's own argument with sufficient arguments; (2) refutation is an argument way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. Argument and refutation are both proofs, one of which is to prove its correctness from the front, and the other is to prove its mistake from the back. They can use basically the same argument method. (3) There are various argumentation methods, such as example argumentation, reason argumentation, contrast argumentation and metaphor argumentation. 1) Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument. "Facts speak louder than words" is a commonly used argument method. 2) Reasoning: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign famous works, and formulas of universally recognized theorems to prove the argument; 3) Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the arguments in the comparison; 4) Metaphorical argument: Prove the argument with the help of superficial or familiar things. 6. The basic structure of argumentative writing is to ask questions-analyze problems-solve problems, which can be divided into two categories: one is "horizontal". There are three types of "horizontal" structure: 1 "general theory-sub-theory-general theory" 2 "general theory-sub-theory" 3 "sub-theory-general theory" The "vertical" structure is mainly layered and deep. 7. Argumentative language: accurate, rigorous, accurate, general and logical. The solved problem collection is reproduced in QQ space for knowledge about novel style [tag: novel, style, knowledge]. If you have any questions, please answer them as soon as possible. Thank you! ! Kubing replied: 2 popularity: 2 solution time: November 25, 29 21: 26 satisfactory answer novel style knowledge novel focuses on shaping characters and reflects social life through story narration and environmental description. A novel must have three elements: vivid characters, complete story and specific environment of characters' activities. Among them, the image of characters is the main element. 1. Description of characters. 1. The methods of describing people in novels mainly include appearance description, action description, language description, psychological description and expression description. 2. It is the portrait (appearance) that describes the appearance, expression, posture and clothing of the characters. 3. It is language that describes the dialogue, monologue and tone of the characters. 4. From the perspective of description, the methods of character description can also be divided into: positive description and profile description, also known as direct description and indirect description. 2. Characters 1. The three elements of a novel are (vivid) characters, (complete) story lines and (active) environmental descriptions. 2. Among the characters created in the novel, the character who embodies the author's creative intention and the theme of the work is the central figure of the novel, also known as the protagonist. 3. The core of the character image is the thought and character displayed by the character. Only by analyzing the character image of the novel can the theme of the novel be well analyzed. 3. Storyline Storyline is the whole process of the development and evolution of the life events described in the works. The plot of a novel can generally be divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending. Some novels also have prologue and ending. 1. The beginning is the first thing of the contradiction and conflict reflected in the work. 2. Development is the evolution process of the contradiction and conflict in the work from unfolding to intensification. 3. The climax is the fate of all parties to the contradiction, the key moment when the main contradiction is about to be solved, and the development of the contradiction and conflict is the culmination, the most tense, inspiring and acute stage of the character's thoughts. 4. The ending is that the contradiction is solved, the character's development has been completed, and the event has the final result. It is the inevitable result of the development of the plot that the main idea is fully displayed. 4. Environmental description 1. Environmental description is the description of the environment of people's activities and the background where things happen, including the description of natural environment and social environment. 2. Natural environment description is also called scenery description, which mainly describes the time, place, season, climate, flowers, birds, fish and insects of people's activities. 3. Social environment description mainly describes the specific environment, place, atmosphere and interpersonal relationship of people's activities. 4. Provide a specific background for the characters' activities (2) Render the atmosphere and set off the characters (3) Some environmental descriptions can also promote the development of the plot. 5. Characters describe appearance, psychology, action, language, manner and details. 1. The characteristics and contents of the prose: the author expresses his own understanding of life or profound life experience through objects, people and scenery. The so-called self-perception, that is, the discovery and understanding of the special significance and beauty of things. Formally: (1) give priority to personal lyricism, and melt lyricism, narration and discussion into one furnace; (2) Start from the details and see the big picture from the small; (3) Suggest from the side and give full play to the imagination of readers; (4) Free writing and flexible structure. To sum up the above two points: "the shape is scattered and the spirit is not scattered." When reading prose, we should grasp the "spirit" through the "form", understand the thoughts and feelings that the author wants to express, grasp the structure and clues (context) of the article, and pay attention to appreciating the beautiful language. Second, the classification of prose According to the different emphasis of expression, prose is generally divided into three categories: narrative prose, lyric prose and philosophical prose. Narrative Prose: Prose focusing on writing people and keeping notes. This kind of prose describes people and things in a concrete and prominent way, and at the same time expresses the author's understanding and feelings, with strong lyrical elements. It focuses on reflecting the essence of things from the process of describing the development and changes of people and events, including time, place, people and other factors, selecting materials from one angle and expressing the author's feelings. Lyric Prose: Prose mainly expressing feelings, which mainly expresses the author's feelings, passions and wishes about real life. What kind of feelings and how to express them in lyric prose have a great relationship with whether the ideological significance revealed in the article is profound or not. The "emotion" in lyric prose is not empty, but based on something. That is to say, there are always certain people, events or scenes.