Anton pavlovich Chekhov, (1860- 1904), a Russian novelist, dramatist, Russian critical realist writer and master of short story art in the late 19th century, is also known as the three great short story masters together with French Mo Bosang and American O. Henry.
Unfortunately, Chekhov's life was not only short, but also sickly. He only lived 44 years. For such an accomplished artist, while people feel sorry for his short life, they can't help asking: Why is Chekhov so ill? What caused his untimely death? Has anyone been murdered or died? Or is it because he is so absorbed in writing that he ignores his body?
To solve these problems, we must first look at Chekhov's life experience. Chekhov was born on 18601October 29th in Taganrog, Rostov. His father is a grocer. After Chekhov's father went bankrupt, Chekhov cut off his livelihood and had to work to finish middle school. He did a lot of dirty work, and he probably got sick during this period, and because he had no money for treatment, he broke down from overwork.
From April 1890 to February 18, Chekhov, who was weak, made a long journey to sakhalin island, where the Tsar government placed exiles and exiles, and investigated the residents, nearly 10,000 prisoners and immigrants there one by one. The trip to Sakhalin Island improved his ideological consciousness and artistic conception. However, his health is getting worse every day. His friends advised him to have a rest and not to work so hard, but he refused to give up and continued his investigation and writing. Although his illness is also mentioned here, it is more because he is serious and responsible for his work, and fatigue is also an important reason. At that time, it was said that he fainted several times, the most serious one, and even went into shock.
In another introduction, it is said that he used to be a doctor. Didn't he realize his illness as a doctor? So that it will be delayed and eventually become a bad disease? Yes 1879. Chekhov entered Moscow University to study medicine. 1884 entered a local hospital to practice medicine after graduation. As a doctor, he began to create literature. In some of his works, it can even be seen that he has a thorough understanding of his illness and even treats himself with his own medical knowledge.
1890, after he visited Sakhalin Island, the exile place of political prisoners, he created works that showed major social problems, such as "The Sixth District", which strongly criticized the tyranny of the czar. Lenin was shocked after reading this novel. This novella accuses the prison-like czarist Russia of being gloomy and terrible, and at the same time criticizes Tolstoy's dogma of "Don't use violence against violence" which was stubborn not long ago. He felt that real peace could only be achieved by force.
A House with an Attic exposes the destruction of youth, talent and happiness in Russian society and satirizes the reformist activities of liberal local autonomy associations. His works not only brought him a good reputation, but also brought him a great disaster, because the government ordered the restriction of his freedom. 1June, 904, Chekhov contracted pneumonia and went to Badenville, a hot spring resort in Germany for treatment. After that, his condition deteriorated and he died in July 15. Chekhov's death caused great repercussions at that time. At one time, some people objected that he was murdered.
In the overall evaluation of Chekhov, it is written as follows: his plays are full of lyrical flavor, rich in subtext and memorable. Although the script story is based on daily life, with simple plot and smooth progress, it is full of profound symbolic significance. His novels are short and pithy, concise and simple, compact in structure, vivid in plot, humorous in style, vivid in language, full of musical rhythm and profound in meaning. He is good at discovering people and things with typical significance from daily life, making artistic generalization through humorous plots, and shaping a complete typical image to reflect the Russian society at that time. His representative works The Chameleon and The Man in the Trap are exquisite and perfect artistic treasures in the history of Russian literature. The former has become synonymous with have it both ways, while the latter is good at camouflage and speculation. The latter has become a symbol of the conformist, timid and afraid of change. Chekhov added two immortal artistic images to the gallery of world literary figures with his outstanding satirical and humorous talents. His famous saying "Simplicity is the sister of genius" has also become the motto pursued by later writers. Chekhov had great affection for the people of China. He asked Gorky to visit China together, but he failed to do so because of his long illness. It was his peace-loving heart that brought him disaster, because his society was an unjust one. His works have been banned by the government, so there should be a great possibility that he will be killed.
1892, people found new doubts in Chekhov's book Exile, because the work was written according to Chekhov's real experience. In other words, Chekhov was exiled. During his exile, he unfortunately contracted lung disease, and later he was not treated in time, so his condition deteriorated. It was also said that he was actually terminally ill, and the exile at that time was murder in disguise.
A generation of great artists and novelists, although they left immortal works to future generations, died young and suffered from illness all their lives, which made people lament. At the same time, these mysteries left by him have also attracted the attention and discussion of generations of scholars. ;