: Views on life, that is, views on the purpose, value and meaning of human existence. The outlook on life is determined by the worldview.

Its specific manifestations include optimism, honor and disgrace, life and death, etc. The outlook on life is the ideology of a certain society or class, and is the product of certain social and historical conditions and social relations. The formation of the outlook on life is gradually generated and developed in the process of people's actual life, and is restricted by people's world outlook. People from different societies or classes have different outlooks on life.

The following representative outlooks on life have appeared in human history: ① Hedonistic outlook on life. It starts from human biological instinct, attributes human life to the process of satisfying human physiological needs, and proposes that the pursuit of sensory happiness and maximizing the satisfaction of material life enjoyment are the only purposes of life. ② Misanthropic outlook on life. Religious misanthropy believes that life is an abyss of suffering, full of all kinds of troubles and pains, and that only by transcending secularity and annihilating desires can we truly be freed. ③Ascetic outlook on life. It regards human desires, especially physical desires, as the root of all evils, and advocates the elimination of human desires and the practice of asceticism. ④Happiness outlook on life. One view is to emphasize that personal happiness is the highest purpose and value of life; the other view is to emphasize personal happiness while also emphasizing the happiness of others and social welfare, believing that the pursuit of public happiness is the highest goal of life. purpose and value. ⑤ Optimistic outlook on life. It believes that the future of social development is bright, and the purpose of life is to pursue social civilization and progress, to pursue truth, and to have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life. ⑥The communist outlook on life. It is the proletarian scientific outlook on life. It regards the course of human life activities as the process of understanding and transforming the objective world, and regards the elimination of capitalism, the realization of communism, and the benefit of the vast majority of people as the lofty purpose and greatest happiness of life. The value and significance of life lies in the responsibility and contribution to society. The greatest value and significance of life lies in striving to serve the people and selflessly devoting all one's energy to the cause of communism.

The outlook on life is the fundamental view and attitude towards the purpose, meaning and path of life. The content includes the outlook on happiness, optimism about suffering, outlook on life and death, outlook on honor and disgrace, outlook on love, etc. It is an important part of the worldview and is restricted by the worldview. The core issue of the outlook on life is how to understand and deal with the relationship between personal development and social progress, that is, the relationship between private and public. Marxism believes that various outlooks on life are the product of certain social productive forces and production relations. Since various classes in each era have different social statuses, different life experiences and circumstances, and different understandings of the meaning and purpose of life, their outlook on life must be different. The fundamental criterion for evaluating whether an outlook on life is progressive and revolutionary, or backward and reactionary, is whether it meets the requirements of social development. The characteristic of the bourgeois outlook on life is individualism. Everything starts from the self and is centered on the individual. The exploitation of others and the pursuit of maximum profits are regarded as the fundamental purpose of life. The proletariat is the representative of the most advanced productive forces and production relations in human history. It represents the interests of the oppressed and exploited people and shoulders the great historical mission of building socialism and communism. Therefore, the proletarian outlook on life is a revolutionary and scientific outlook on life, which is fundamentally opposed to the outlook on life of all exploiting classes in history. The characteristic of the proletarian outlook on life is collectivism. Everything is for the collective interests of the proletariat and the people. Selflessness, self-sacrifice, and serving the people wholeheartedly are regarded as the fundamental meaning and value of life. The realization of socialism and communist ideals regarded as the highest goal in life.