May 24, Chengdu, Lanxun Academy.

The member of staff spoke first: "Xiucai, why didn't Fu Jian listen to Wang Meng's last words?"

The scholar gently waved his folding fan: "Fu Jian didn't accept Wang Meng's political will. What happened later perfectly illustrates the wise saying of the sage: If a country is victorious in a hundred battles, its country will perish! Why did the former Qin Dynasty, which was victorious in every battle, perish?

It’s a long story, but we should start with his grandfather. Pu Hong talks about it. Why is his grandfather's surname Pu? His family is a descendant of the Di tribe in Qin'an, Gansu Province. He didn't have a surname. Later, a Pu leaf grew in the pond at home, five feet long, and all five sections were shaped like each other. They were all called the Pu family, and their surname was Pu from the beginning.

During the civil strife in the Western Jin Dynasty, Pu Hong submitted to Liu Yao and Shi Le successively. At that time, the prophecy predicted that there would be grass to pay for the king, so the family changed their surname to Fu.

In 350 AD, Fu Hong claimed to be the general, the Great Chanyu, and the king of the Three Qin Dynasty. This was the beginning of the vigorous Pre-Qin Dynasty. Beginning.

Fu Hong attacked Shi Hu's general Ma Qiu and captured him. He stayed in the army as his military adviser and general. Ma Qiu was very ambitious and hosted a banquet for Fu. Hong secretly poisoned his wine and planned to kill Fu Hong and lead his followers.

Fu Hong's eldest son, Fu Jian, discovered that something was wrong and led his troops to attack Ma Qiu before he died. The prince Fu Jian said: The Central Plains is not a place that you brothers can occupy. After my death, I can march westward.

Fu died in 351 AD. After Jian Si ascended the throne, he entered Tongguan with 5,000 troops, defeated Jin generals Du Hong and Zhang Xian, entered the capital Chang'an, and stabilized the three auxiliary forces.

In 354 AD, the former Qin Dynasty defeated Huan Wen's Northern Expedition in Bailuyuan. It established the dominance of the Di people in the northwest, but Prince Fu Chang died of an arrow during the battle.

Fu Jian died of serious illness soon after. He was only thirty-nine years old and reigned for four years. The third son, Fu Sheng, succeeded to the throne and was brave and addicted to alcohol. Two years later, Fu Jian seized the opportunity and launched a coup to kill him. "

The Taoist priest said: "Fu Jian has now entered the forefront of history. ?”

The scholar glanced at the Taoist: “In 357 AD, Fu Jian ascended the throne and was not called the emperor, but still used the title of King of Qin. Wang Meng and Fu Jian’s brother Yangping Gong Fulong became the former Qin Dynasty.

Why did Fu Jian re-appoint these two people? Because he faced two major problems after he came to power: first, the powerful did not abide by the law, and second, rebellions broke out. To solve these two problems, heavy laws must be used in troubled times. , Wang Meng and Fu Rong were two powerful and powerful swords, which were effective in governing the country.

When Wang Meng died in 375 AD, the former Qin Dynasty had basically unified the north, and the former Liang and Dai Dynasties had already unified the country. Although the country retained a corner of the country, they all surrendered to Qin. After Wang Meng's death, Fu Jian continued to advance vigorously.

In 376 AD, Fu Jian argued that although Zhang Tianxi accepted the throne as a vassal, he was not pure. , sent 130,000 troops to attack Qianliang with absolute superiority, and won every battle. Zhang Tianxi had to surrender.

After destroying Qianliang, Fu Jian sent another 100,000 troops to attack Dai Wang Shi Yijian. With great power, King Dai was finally betrayed by his son, and the country of Dai was destroyed. At this point, except for the nomadic tribes on the frontier, the North was dominated by the former Qin Dynasty.

The territory under the rule of the former Qin Dynasty was vast, and Fu Jian wanted to imitate the Zhou Dynasty in dividing the princes, so he divided the towns into four parts by dividing the 3,000 households of the royal family and close nobles with the surname Fu. On the day of farewell, the royal family and relatives wailed and mourned, and the passers-by were sore. People with knowledge at the time privately believed that this was a sign of mourning, chaos and displacement.

In the capital city of Chang'an, Fu Jian arranged for tens of thousands of Xianbei and Qiang families who had been captured by the Yan Dynasty to be exterminated, and they were all given official mansions. Indeed, he treated them generously and kindly with the attitude of a king who did not doubt his employment. them.

Fu Jian's minister Zhao Zheng once served a banquet and sang on the drums and harps: Adezhi, Adezhi, the people who migrated far away stayed in Xianbei, who should they say in an emergency! Fu Jian heard the meaning of the advice and smiled but refused to accept it. He turned his head and looked towards the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south.

In 379 AD, Fu Jian's army captured Xiangyang of the Jin Dynasty and captured Zhu Xu, the general of Zhonglang. Note that Zhu Xu played an extraordinary role in the subsequent Battle of Feishui. "

The Taoist priest hurriedly asked: "What role did Zhu Xu play? "

The scholar shook his folding fan lightly: "After conquering Xiangyang and capturing Zhu Xu, Fu Jian believed that the time to unify the world was completely ripe. So the ministers gathered together and expressed their thoughts on destroying the Jin Dynasty, and then asked the ministers to express their opinions.

Unexpectedly, except for Secretary and Supervisor Zhu Tong, all the ministers opposed the attack on Jin. They believed that the kings and ministers of the Jin Dynasty were harmonious, the top and bottom were of the same mind, and there was the danger of the Yangtze River, so they could not be attacked easily.

Fu Rong, his younger brother, cried and advised Fu Jian that there were three reasons for attacking Jin: First, the celestial phenomena were unfavorable, and the land of Wu and Yue was blessed with elephants. Second, the king of Jin was a wise king, and his ministers had great talents like Xie An and Huan Chong. Third, the country has been fighting for many years in a row, and its soldiers are getting tired and fearful of war.

Finally, Fu Rong repeated Wang Meng's last words, paused and cried: the attack on Jin will be in vain, and your majesty favors the Xianbei, Qiang, Jie and other ethnic groups, and they are all around the capital. , we have soldiers and power in our hands, but we, the royal family and nobles, are guarding the border in remote places far away. Now we are pouring our country to attack Jin. If something goes wrong, it will be too late to regret!

After that, dozens of people including the minister Quan Yi, the favored young son Fu Shen, and the national preceptor Dao'an wrote letters to him, but Fu Jian refused to listen.

Fu Jian also had some truth, and he said it categorically: In the past, when my husband sent Wei Ling to the country, Gou Jian was able to capture him in one fell swoop. Sun Hao inherited the legacy of three generations. When Sima's army arrived, the emperor and his ministers were captured. Even if the danger of the Yangtze River existed in the Jin Dynasty, it was like a false threat. With my large number of troops, I can throw a whip into the Yangtze River, which is enough to stop the flow!

Odd or not, the depressed Fu Jian found a close friend in Jiang Jiang. "

The member of the staff touched his chin: "Who is Fu Jian's confidant? ”

The scholar laughed: “Murong Chui, a distinguished nobleman of the Yan Kingdom who surrendered earlier, and his nephews and sons were well prepared to take advantage of the chaos to restore the country, so they vigorously encouraged Fu Jian to send troops.” Fu Jian, however, introduced Murong Chui as his confidant: The only person who can determine the world with me is your ear!

In 383 AD, Fu Jian issued a letter ordering ten soldiers from each state to requisition public and private horses, and set off with 250,000 men as the vanguard, commanded by Murong Chui. He himself led more than 60 soldiers. Ten thousand, 270,000 cavalry, thousands of miles back and forth, facing each other with flags and drums.

In the early days of the war, the former Qin side made extremely smooth progress. Fu Rong and others captured Shouchun, a fortified city in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and captured Xu Yuanxi, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wang Xian, the prefect of Anfeng. Murong Chui captured Yun City and killed Jin general Wang Taibing. Qin general Liang Cheng also led 50,000 soldiers and garrisoned in Luojian, defeating the Jin army several times. Fearing that Liang Cheng's troops would be strong, the Jin army stopped and waited twenty-five miles away from Luojian and did not dare to advance.

Fu Jian was afraid that the main force of the Jin army would escape without a fight, so he immediately abandoned his army in Xiangcheng and led 8,000 light cavalry in a double route, heading straight for Shouchun. General Liu Laozhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Longxiang suddenly showed great bravery and led 5,000 troops to attack Qin General Liang Cheng's camp at night. He killed Liang Cheng and other ten Qin generals, and killed more than 15,000 Qin soldiers. When Xie Shi and others saw that Liang Cheng had been defeated, they immediately became more courageous and advanced by land and water to meet the enemy.

Fu Jian and Fu Rong climbed to the city and saw that the Jin army was well-organized and the soldiers were elite. Looking north, the vegetation on Bagong Mountain looked like humans. Fu Jian began to feel guilty, and turned to Fu Rong and said: These are also powerful enemies. How can we say they have few people? In order to engage in psychological warfare, Fu Jian sent the previously captured Jin general Zhu Xu to the Jin camp to persuade Xie Shi and others to surrender. "

The member of the Communist Party of China pinched his fat chin and said: "This is Fu Jian's own death. "

The scholar nodded: "God bless Qin, as soon as Zhu Xu passed by, he told Xie Shi all the actual situation in Fu Jian's army: a decisive battle should be fought with the Qin army's vanguard immediately. If the vanguard is defeated, , it will definitely succeed. When Qin's millions of troops really arrived, the Jin army was no match at all.

Xie Shi, the general of the Jin Dynasty, sent an envoy to inform Fu Rong: Your army is going deep and setting up a formation near the water is not a long-term solution. I hope you will step back for a moment to clear the space for the warriors from both sides to fight. You and I will watch it right away, and we will enjoy it!

Fu Rong was also a leader among men who were capable of both literary and military skills. He originally wanted to take advantage of the Jin army's half-crossed river to lead an attack. After getting Fu Jian's approval, he commanded the army to move back. . Unexpectedly, during this formation, the inner ghost Zhu Xu shouted that the Qin army was defeated! The Xianbei, Qiang, Jie and other ethnic groups in the Qin army all had their own agendas and ran away.

The troops behind them couldn't see what was happening in front of them. When they saw the dark and overwhelming crowd of broken soldiers coming like a flood, they also dropped their staffs and turned around to run away. Fu Rong rode his horse to stop the fleeing army, but the horse was killed.

The Qin army was completely defeated. The Jin army took advantage of the victory and advanced. Fu Jian himself was shot by a stray arrow and fled to Huaibei alone. The wind and cranes roared, and the grass and trees were covered with soldiers. The Qin army fled in a panic. The Jin army took advantage of the victory and drove north, regained Shouyang, and captured the Huainan governor of the former Qin Dynasty.

Putting aside the fog of history, the Battle of Feishui is not a special case of defeating more with less. The front line of the Qin army was too long. The front army had already arrived in front of the formation, and there were troops in the middle. The last army had just set off from Chang'an. The Qin army in Feishui at that time was only more than 100,000.

On the other hand, the Jin army originally had 80,000 elite troops waiting for them. Adding in the new troops added later, the total number was about 100,000. The Jin army was waiting for work, was internally united, and had the hidden undercover Zhu Xu to play Infernal Affairs. With about the same number of troops, the right time, place, people, and luck, Fu Jian's ambition to unify the world finally came to nothing. "

The member of the army rubbed his temples and said, "Fu Jian will go on a personal expedition. If he loses, he will be in big trouble." "

The scholar nodded in agreement: "After the Feishui War, the vitality of the former Qin Dynasty was severely damaged. The previously conquered Xianbei, Qiang and other tribal chiefs rebelled and established a separatist regime. First, Murong Chui fled back to his hometown of Qianyan. The children of the Murong clan rode on horseback and wore armor, and the land was filled with smoke. The Qiang people such as Yao Chang also rose up again, and Ding Ling and Wu Wan rebelled one after another.

The north is divided again. Fu Jian's two sharp knives, Wang Meng and Fu Rong, are no longer alive and are gradually coming to an end. In 385 AD, after Murong Chong, the younger brother of Murong Wei, a former Yan nobleman, besieged Chang'an for several months, Fu Jian believed the prophecy that the emperor would send out five generals for a long time, so he fled from Chang'an and fled to Wujiang Mountain in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province.

Wu Zhong, the general of the Qiang leader Yao Chang, captured Fu Jian, tied him up and sent him to Xinping Temple. Yao Chang sent someone to ask Fu Jian for the imperial seal.

Fu Jian cursed: The national seal has been sent to the Jin Dynasty, how can it be given to you, an ungrateful traitor! Yao Chang asked Fu Jian to abdicate the throne to him, but Fu Jian scolded him again: The abdication is a matter between sages and sages. Yao Chang, who dares to compare himself to the ancient saints! Yao Chang was so ashamed and angry that he sent someone to hang Fu Jian to death in Xinping Buddhist Temple at the age of 48.

Fu Jian was victorious in every battle, so why did he lose his country in one defeat? A hundred battles will make the people tired, and a hundred victories will make the monarch arrogant. An arrogant monarch will lead the tired people. It is common sense for a country to subjugate, but it would be strange not to subjugate a country!

Coincidentally, Xie An, the commander-in-chief behind the Eastern Jin Dynasty side in the Battle of Feishui, also died of illness in the same month as Fu Jian. Two big figures, one from the south and one from the north, left the stage of history at the same time.

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