First, correct learning attitude
First, analyze the common questions raised by students, that is, why can you understand in class but not do it after class? Everyone has such personal feelings, such as reading a literary work, describing the natural scenery in the article, and describing the activities of the characters' hearts, all of which are amazing, and you know it, but if you let yourself lift a pen to write, you may not be able to write others' level. There is absolutely no problem in listening to others and reading other people's articles, but it is not so easy to write it yourself and become your own thing. Therefore, if we want to change from understanding to doing, we must practice more on the basis of understanding, so that we can master the laws and mysteries and truly become our own things, which is exactly where we should work hard to learn physics in senior high school.
if you want to learn physics well, the first thing is to cherish time and study tirelessly. Establish confidence, firmly believe that you can learn any course well, and firmly believe that if you pay a little, you should get a little. In this regard, please read the following three quotations:
1. I never believe that any innate or acquired talent can be successful without firm and long-term hard work. -Dickens (English writer)
2. The main reason why some people can far surpass others is not so much genius as his indomitable spirit of devoting himself to studying and never giving up until he reaches his goal. -Dalton (British chemist)
3. The world's fastest and slowest, longest and shortest, most ordinary and most precious, most easily overlooked, and the most regrettable thing is time. -Gorky (Soviet litterateur)
Second, we should pay attention to eight links in learning: making a plan → previewing before class → concentrating on class → reviewing in time → working independently → solving problems → systematically summarizing → studying outside class.
the most important thing here is: concentrate on class → review in time → work independently → solve problems → summarize systematically. In the above eight links, there are many learning methods. Here are some specific learning methods according to the characteristics of physics and how to learn physics well.
(1) Three basics. Basic concepts should be clear, basic laws should be familiar, and basic methods should be skilled.
regarding the basic concept, for example, speed, it has two meanings: one is to indicate the speed; The second is the ratio of distance to time (such as in uniform circular motion), while speed is the ratio of displacement to time (in uniform linear motion).
regarding the basic laws, for example, there are two formulas for calculating the average speed, and V=s/t and V=(vo+vt)/2 are often used. The former is a defined formula, which is applicable to any situation, and the latter is a derived formula, which is only applicable to the case of linear motion with uniform speed change.
regarding basic methods, such as studying middle school problems, the holistic method and the isolated method are often adopted, which is a typical complementary method.
finally, let's talk about a problem that is beyond the "three basics". In the process of learning physics, we sum up some concise and practical inferences or conclusions, which are very useful to help solve problems and learn physics well. For example, the potential decreases along the electric field line; The tension on the same rope is equal; When the acceleration is zero, the speed is the maximum; Lorentz force does not do work and so on.
(2) Do the questions independently. Do some problems independently (meaning not relying on others) with good quality and quantity. There must be a certain number of topics, not too few, but also a certain quality, that is to say, there must be some difficulty. Anyone who studies mathematics and physics can't learn well without going through this pass. Solving problems independently may sometimes be slower, sometimes you have to take a detour, and sometimes you can't even solve them, but these are normal and the only way for any beginner to succeed.
(3) physical process. To be clear about the physical process, the physical process is unclear, and there must be hidden dangers in solving problems. No matter how difficult the topic is, try to draw as much as possible, some can draw a sketch, some need to draw an accurate picture, and use compasses, triangles, protractors, etc. to show the geometric relationship. Drawing can change abstract thinking into image thinking, and master the physical process more accurately. With the graph, we can make state analysis and dynamic analysis. State analysis is fixed, dead and discontinuous, while dynamic analysis is alive and continuous.
(4) attending classes. Listen carefully in class and learn from the teacher with an open mind. Don't give up listening just because the teacher speaks simply. If this happens, it can be regarded as review and consolidation. Try to be consistent and synchronized with the teacher, and you can't do it yourself, otherwise you will be completely self-taught. After getting started, with a certain foundation, you are allowed to have your own space for activities, that is to say, you are allowed to have some things of your own. The more you learn, the more things you accumulate.
(5) notebooks. Class is mainly based on listening, but also a notebook, some things to write down. Knowledge structure, good problem-solving methods, good examples, places that you don't understand, etc., should be recorded. After class, you have to sort out your notes, on the one hand, for digestion, on the other hand, you have to supplement your notes. Notebook is not only to remember what the teacher said in class, but also to make some reading notes. Good problems and good solutions found in your homework should also be recorded in the notebook, which is what students often call "good problem book". It's best to number the notebooks that you have worked so hard to accumulate, and read them often in the future so as to review the old and learn the new.
(6) learning materials. Learning materials should be well preserved, classified and marked. The classification of learning materials includes exercises, papers, experimental reports and so on. Marking refers to marking good questions, valuable questions and error-prone questions separately for future review. Marking can save a lot of time.
(7) time. Time is precious. Without time, there is no time to do anything, so we should pay attention to making full use of time. Using time is a superb art, for example, we can save time by using the learning method of recollection, and we can recall the lessons we talked about that day by using the scattered time before going to bed, waiting for the bus, and recess activities, so that we can learn again repeatedly and achieve the goal of strengthening.
(8) learn from others. Learn from others with an open mind, learn from classmates, learn from people around you, see how others learn, often communicate with them academically, teach and learn from each other, and improve together. Never be self-righteous, and tell others when you have a good method, so that others will tell you when they have a good method, and complement each other in learning.
(9) knowledge structure. We should attach importance to and systematically master the knowledge structure, so as to organically link scattered knowledge. From the whole knowledge structure of physics to the knowledge structure of mechanics, even to chapters and sections, such as the knowledge structure of statics and so on.
(1) mathematics. The calculation of physics depends on mathematics, which is too important for learning physics. Without mathematics, it is difficult to learn physics well. We should learn mathematics well and make good use of this powerful tool.
(11) sports activities. Healthy body is the foundation of learning, and vigorous energy is the guarantee of learning efficiency. Take part in sports activities frequently, and know several ways to exercise, consciously and consciously. To ensure adequate sleep, it is not advisable to reduce sleeping time and increase study time. You can't get some good grades at the expense of overdraft health. You can't talk about the so-called sprint and struggle at every turn, and you should also pay attention to regularity in your study, that is to say, you always work hard, but you don't make a surprise attack.
Third, pay attention to the cultivation of self-study ability
Memory: In the study of high school physics, we should memorize the basic concepts, laws and some basic conclusions, that is, the so-called most basic knowledge we often mention. Students often ignore the memory of these basic concepts, thinking that learning physics doesn't need to memorize these literal things. As a result, few students can accurately say the physics concepts when they ask them in the review of senior three. I can't absolutely say that the incomplete concept of physics has a great impact on your study in a certain exam or at a certain stage, but I can definitely say that it will have an inherent adverse effect on your understanding of physical problems and the formation of the knowledge of the whole physical system. I can't tell which exam will lose points because of your inaccurate concept. Therefore, learning Chinese requires memorizing famous sayings and aphorisms, learning mathematics requires memorizing basic formulas, and learning physics also requires memorizing basic concepts and laws. This is the most basic requirement for learning physics well. Without this step, the following learning is impossible.
accumulation: it is the work after memorizing in the process of learning physics. On the basis of memory, I constantly collect a lot of information about physics knowledge from textbooks and reference materials, some of which come from a topic, some from an illustration, and some may come from a short reading material. In the process of collecting and sorting out, we should be good at analyzing and classifying different knowledge points, and find out similarities and differences in the process of sorting out, so as to facilitate memory. The process of accumulation is a process of struggle between memory and forgetting. However, it is necessary to make knowledge more comprehensive and systematic through repeated memory, and to make the relationship between formulas, theorems and laws closer, so as to achieve the purpose of accumulation. It is absolutely impossible to repeat the work like a bear breaking a stick and memorize mechanically without thinking, and the result can only be more remembered than forgotten.
synthesis: physics knowledge is divided into chapters and sections, and the contents required by the physics syllabus are also piece by piece. They are interrelated and different from each other, so small synthesis should be carried out continuously in the process of physics learning, and then systematic synthesis should be carried out after the knowledge of grade three is learned. This process requires students' ability, and the contents of chapters are interrelated. Different chapters can be compared with each other, and the knowledge before and after can be truly integrated, so that the internal connection of knowledge can be gradually found from synthesis.
Improvement: With the memory and accumulation of the previous knowledge and careful synthesis, the problem-solving ability can be improved. To improve one's ability is to improve one's ability to solve and analyze problems. For a topic, we should first look at what the problem is-mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics or atomic physics, and then make clear the research object, combine the conditions given in the topic, apply relevant physical concepts and laws, and also use some physical first-and second-level conclusions to get the result smoothly. It can be imagined that if the basic concepts of physics are not clear, the given conditions or implied conditions in the topic can not be seen, or the formula used in solving the problem is wrong, or the original formula should be used instead of the first and second conclusions, the speed and correctness of solving the problem will be affected.
the improvement is to solve the problem first, then the solution is flexible, and then the method of solving the problem is innovative. This includes multiple solutions to a problem, that is, the simplest method can be selected from multiple solutions; It also includes solving many problems, a method to solve many similar problems smoothly, and truly achieve the degree of dexterity and handy use.
To sum up, there are roughly six levels in learning physics, that is, first understand, then remember, practice will be used, gradually become proficient, practice makes perfect, and be innovative, etc., from the initial goal of basic knowledge to the highest level of learning physics.
in the process of physics learning, according to the cognitive process from simple to complex, and comparing with the six levels of learning, I gradually find out my position and level, find out my own shortcomings, and then determine my own direction of improvement and efforts. Learning in senior high school is to prepare for university study, which puts forward higher requirements for students' self-study ability. The basic process of physics learning mentioned above-memorizing, accumulating, synthesizing and improving is the process of cultivating their self-study ability. They have learned the learning methods, become interested in physics, and mastered the characteristics of physics as an experimental subject. Through their hard work, they will definitely learn physics well in senior high school.