The great Chinese nation and its descendants of Yan and Huang have fine traditions and virtues of respecting teachers and valuing education. Therefore, there are numerous examples of respecting teachers in various forms and rich contents, such as caring for the teacher's health and sacrificing his life, asking questions and solving problems, congratulating the teacher on birthdays and festivals, asking for credit and avoiding mistakes, clearing wrongs, continuing one's ambition and career, and expressing gratitude and apology to the teacher. However, with the progress of society and the needs of spiritual civilization construction, respecting teachers is still a very serious dual issue in society and life, and its seriousness is reflected in many aspects.
1. It is reflected in a thought-provoking phenomenon that appears in history and reality
"Xue Ji" 》 said, "A teacher is a person who learns to be a king." It means: a teacher is a person from whom you can learn the skills of governance, and he can make people achieve the career of an emperor. However, "Jun" is not respected by everyone. Emperors of the past dynasties, except for a few emperors Ming of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, most of them became self-centered due to changes in status, and this "virtue" no longer existed. Some even started to respect each other first and then developed hatred. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, is one of the typical examples.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang grew up in the grassland, he understood the secret of relying on military generals to conquer the world and using civil servants to control the world. Therefore, as early as when he was on the battlefield, he actively recruited celebrities and literati. Song Lian is one of the outstanding ones. For a long time, the relationship between the two was very close. Zhu Yuanzhang not only praised Song Lian for being "full of poems and books in the universe", but also praised his extraordinary talent in discussing Taoism and the state. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, Song Lian, who had been highly praised by him, became the teacher of his son Zhu Biao and tutored the prince for more than ten years. However, in the winter of the 13th year of Hongwu (AD 1380), Prime Minister Hu Weiyong's rebellion was committed and Song Lian's eldest grandson Song Shen was labeled as a Hu Party member. Song Lian, who was in his late seventies and had retired to his hometown and thanked guests behind closed doors, was also innocently implicated. , was sentenced to death by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although Empress Ma rescued her from beheading, she was sent to Maozhou (today's Maoxian County, Sichuan) at the age of seventy-one and died of illness in exile...
Now that teachers have become famous, Even for special teachers, the breadth and depth of their respect is very limited. If they are not famous for their teachers, such as singers, movie stars, and famous crosstalk and storytelling actors, their breadth and depth are far beyond what famous teachers can match. If their speaking, singing and performance are art, then teaching is also art and nothing else. If a teacher is famous for his other talents, then his "teacher" will also be thrown into another book. Because in people's subconscious mind, the "home" is always much more brilliant and glorious than the "teacher". Take Shanghai Lida Middle School after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War as an example. At that time, Zhu Guangqian, Feng Zikai, Xia Beizun, Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao and Zhu Ziqing were all famous teachers in this school. Since they are also cultural celebrities, most people respect them as writers, critics and artists but not as teachers. Only the famous scholar Yu Guanying did not forget himself. Once, he said passionately on the university forum: "My mentor, Mr. Zhu Ziqing, is just like Qu Yuan. His moral articles are first-rate. Without Mr. Zhu Ziqing's education and training, I would not be where I am today. All these achievements are not unrelated to the obscure profession of teachers, but they are by no means the only or important reasons.
2. It is reflected in the increasingly sharp contradictions formed between parents and schools
Youdao is " "Love Mr. Zhong", but that's easier said than done! As the "little emperor" effect and its worries deepen, the contradiction between "love" and "heavy" becomes increasingly acute. Although most parents respect teachers and education, some truly "love their children" but not necessarily "respect their teachers". Sometimes, the two are even sharply opposed to each other, and the son blames the teacher, saying that he is going to the south and doing the opposite. This is at least six hundred years "backward" compared to Queen Ma of the Ming Dynasty.
According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty? The Inheritance of Queen Ma", when Li Xixian was teaching scriptures to the kings, he hit the kings on the forehead with a pen pipe. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was furious and prepared to accuse Mr. Li. For this reason, as soon as Empress Ma heard the news, she persuaded Taizu and said with practical reasoning: "For example, if you ask someone to make brocade, you can only let them cut it, and you should not blame the teacher for your children." This means: choose a teacher for your children. Following his teachings is like asking someone to make clothes out of material, you should feel free and bold to let him cut it. Therefore, never protect your children and blame the teacher. Zhu Yuanzhang calmed down after hearing what she said was reasonable. Here, we might as well make a comment: Although parents should not "blame teachers for their children," teachers must seriously reflect and blame themselves for hurting students. Many countries still use laws to protect teachers' right to beat and scold students and protect their shortcomings. The famous writer Wei Wei said it well, "For some teachers, beating, scolding, and corporal punishment are of course blind, but overall, they are indeed remnants of feudal consciousness and need to be resolutely eliminated."
Today, this metaphor still has its practical significance that cannot be underestimated. Because the "examination-oriented education" in the system, the desire for pleasure in the mind and the hotbed of doting in the family constitute the three mountains of today's education. If you want to move any of them, you will need thousands of troops, including parents, to fight together.
3. It is manifested in the "blank" that students, even parents and society as a whole are deviating from reality in their understanding of teachers
This "blank" requires teachers to "be a teacher by example" and not allow for the slightest mistake. As everyone knows, this is not only impossible to achieve in practice, but also falls into a metaphysical misunderstanding in theory.
It is true that, as the famous German educator Die Stowe said, "Teachers are the most important role models in schools, the most intuitive and helpful models, and the most living role models for students." But. This is just a theoretical orientation and practical norm for teachers. Mr. Meng Weizai, a famous writer, deputy secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Secretary-General of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said it well. He said: "I never went to middle school. I can't forget every teacher who taught me in junior high school, high school and university (including military school). Many of them criticized me, some scolded me, and some hit me. I am not surprised by any of them, thank them all, and miss them all. I cannot ask my teachers to be saints, not to mention that I was a naughty boy myself!"
It should be said that even if Even if you are a saint, you will inevitably make mistakes. Confucius, the great educator in ancient my country, is known as an eternal model and a teacher for all generations. Even this sage, whose "virtue is worthy of heaven and earth, and whose Tao is the best in ancient and modern times", made more than one mistake in education. However, the disciples, especially the students who were scolded by him, did not disrespect him because of this.
Yan Hui (Yuan) was Confucius's first favorite disciple. However, this did not spare him the temporary injustice and lifelong grievance. One time, Yan Hui was passing by the kitchen and accidentally saw dust falling into the rice basket. According to Confucian etiquette, this meal must first be offered to the sages and sages, and then teachers and students can eat. Yan recalled: If this dirty rice is offered to the sages, wouldn’t it be a desecration to them? If you pick it up and throw it away, it is obviously a waste. So, he grabbed these few grains of dirty rice and swallowed them in his belly. Unexpectedly, this matter reached Confucius's ears, and it turned into "Yan Hui stole food." Fortunately, Confucius later came to an understanding, which not only cleared the injustice of his favorite disciple, but also left an allusion to today's people that "it is not easy to know others." If what I suffered this time was a temporary injustice, then what I suffered another time was a lifelong injustice. According to the records of "The Analects of Confucius? Advanced" and "Historical Records of Confucius' Family": When Confucius left Wei State for Chen State and passed by Kuangdi (southwest of today's Changyuan County, Henan Province), because of his appearance, he looked like the Lu State who had plundered and massacred the Kuang people. The yang goods are very similar and are imprisoned as yang goods. Yan Hui finally came to Confucius. Unexpectedly, Confucius, who was full of complaints, cursed when he saw it: "I thought you were dead!" Yan Hui understood the teacher's innocent suffering and replied respectfully: "Teacher, are you still alive?" How can I dare to die while I am alive?" In ancient my country, it was said that a gentleman should "examine himself three times every day." As Confucius, not only on that day, but also in the future, he did not reflect that he had wronged Yan Hui in this matter, but Yan Hui did not mind it because he respected his teacher.
Zaiyu, Ziyu and Zigong were also students of Confucius. When Confucius was denigrating the students, he was extremely subjective and one-sided, and cast three of them to death at a glance, and ridiculed and insulted them. However, this did not affect the different forms of respect they showed for Confucius.
Zaiyu, eloquent and eloquent, despised ethics. For a long time, he had different opinions on Confucius's insistence that parents should be mourned for three years after their death, and argued with him. Confucius was therefore biased. Once, when he saw Zaiyu dozing off while studying, he scolded him as "rotten wood cannot be carved, and painting walls like dung is in vain." Even when Zaiyu asked him for advice on "the virtues of the Five Emperors", Confucius also said: He sarcastically said: "Jaiyu, Jaeyu, you are not a person who can understand the virtues of the Five Emperors!" Jaeyu, who was ridiculed, regarded these as the teacher's encouragement to him, so he worked hard to study hard and be enterprising. Later, He served as an official and managed government affairs in the State of Qi, and finally achieved a great career.
Ziyu, "has a very evil appearance" and is extremely ugly. Based on this, Confucius determined that he was a person of "poor talent" and could not be cultivated. Therefore, Ziyu worked hard and pushed himself hard, and finally achieved success in his studies. Later, he traveled south to various places in the Yangtze River Basin, teaching Confucius's Confucian academic thoughts, and had more than 300 disciples. After these things reached Confucius' ears, he had to sigh with emotion and said: "I misjudged Jaeyu just based on his eloquent and eloquent words; I misjudged Ziyu based on his ugly appearance alone." Ah!"
As for Zigong, although Confucius thought that he was as good at rhetoric and eloquent as Zaiyu, he devalued him even worse than Zaiyu in his evaluation. He was said to be a student who did not follow the teachings, valued property and made assumptions about right and wrong. But in Zigong's heart, the image of his teacher Confucius was still very tall. One day, Uncle Sun Shuwu, a senior official in the state of Lu, slandered Confucius in front of him. Zigong immediately stopped him and said, "Don't talk nonsense like this! My teacher is not something you can slander. Other people's virtues are like hills, which can be climbed over; but my teacher is like the sun and moon, which no one can climb over." Beyond him. If someone insists on competing with the sun and the moon, and even tries to smear it to block its light, then this does not harm the sun and the moon at all, but only shows that he is overestimating his capabilities!" < /p>
Coincidentally, Confucian disciples are not the only ones who do not forget to respect their master amidst criticism and scolding.
More than two thousand years later, the famous Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang was scolded even more harshly by his teacher. However, after he became famous, his attitude of respecting the teacher who scolded him became more sincere and clear.
Mei Lanfang began to learn opera at the age of six, but the conditions were almost non-existent. If you want to study opera, you need to have good looks, but when he was a child, he had a round face, and his eyelids were always droopy, making it difficult to show his eyes; he needed to be articulate and good at conveying facial expressions, but at that time, he was shy, could not speak, and his movements were stiff and stiff; He must have a strong sense of music and a good memory. He had difficulty remembering the four old tunes even after being taught them for a long time. Therefore, as soon as Mei Lanfang set foot in the theater, he was judged by his elders as "not outstanding in words and not amazing in appearance". One teacher even scolded him in front of him, "Master, I didn't give you food to eat!" This did not make Mei Lanfang feel discouraged because of his poor talent and condition, so he was scolded and looked down upon. Instead, it inspired him to study hard, practice hard, and be deliberate. The tenacity to innovate. Later, when he created the elegant Mei School art and became famous at home and abroad, the teacher who had scolded him felt guilty and came to apologize to him. Mei Lanfang replied sincerely and humbly: "Without your teachings, I would not know how to study hard. I want to thank the teacher and will always be grateful to the teacher!"
It is worth mentioning that, From ancient times to the present, teachers have not always been able to achieve the perfect unity of knowledge and action, or emotion, reason, and legality when it comes to students. This requires deepening understanding, increasing understanding, and eliminating misunderstandings to the greatest extent to ensure the consciousness of respecting teachers.
According to "The Analects of Confucius? Advanced": After Yan Hui's death, Confucius burst into tears. The people who followed him comforted him and said: "You are too sad, don't hurt your body!" Confucius sobbed and replied: "If you don't grieve for such a student, why should you grieve?" But there are two things that should have been done. It was misunderstood by parents and students but actually understood by them. First, Yan Hui's father, Yan Lu, asked Confucius to sell his car to buy a coffin for his favorite disciple Yan Hui. Confucius said, "When my son Li died, he also had a coffin but no coffin." I can't sell my car and go on foot to buy the outer coffin for his coffin. I was once a doctor, how could I go in and out on foot without a car? Second, Confucius's students asked for generous gifts to bury Yan Hui, but Confucius did not agree. In the former matter, Yan Lu understood that Confucius walked on foot because he did not have a car, so he would lose his status as a former military commander of the Lu State; in the latter matter, what his disciples could understand was that the old master had been ordered to serve as a military official because of his status as a doctor. The status and status of the emperor were established with sixty-four people playing music and dancing in the courtyard. Therefore, although Yan Hui was his favorite disciple, when an ordinary Confucian scholar died, he could not be buried with generous gifts beyond the standards. From the teacher's point of view, Confucius followed the rules of etiquette, that is, the "law", and opposed the lavish burial of Yan Hui; at the same time, he did not hesitate to cry out his apology to Yan Hui's spirit from the perspective of emotion and reason: "Yan Hui, Yan Hui "Reply, you treat me like your father, but I don't treat you like a son..." From the student's point of view, the disciples fully understood Confucius and did not care about many specific differences of opinion and temporary disputes. Because of the grievances and the wrong praise and criticism proved by practice, my respect for the teacher changed. Not only did I respect him like a father when I was alive, but I also mourned him for three years or even six years after his death...
Teacher Although things are different between ancient and modern times, the principles are the same. If the difficulty of respecting teachers is reflected in several social phenomena in history and reality, it still needs a stage of understanding and a process of change, and the contradiction between "loving children" and not "respecting teachers" or even "responsible for teachers for children" requires parents and schools to work together ***Solved together. Then, for the "misunderstandings" that teachers should understand but are actually misunderstood and misinterpreted, students should and are absolutely necessary, and they are completely able to independently fill this gap that is divorced from reality.