Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), a famous American novelist. Born into a family of doctors. During World War I, he was a Red Cross ambulance driver and was injured on the Italian front. Later, he went to France as a foreign correspondent for the "Toronto Daily Star" and began to publish works in newspapers and periodicals. The first collection of short stories, "In Our Time", was published in 1925. In the 1940s, he published his famous work "The Sun Also Rises", which describes the confusion, hesitation and disillusionment of a group of young people living in Europe after the war. The novel is called a representative work of the lost generation. The short story collections "Men Without Women" (1927) and "The Winner Gets Nothing" (193) have created a "tough guy character" who is not afraid of danger and regards death as home, and established his status as a master of short stories. The novel "A Farewell to Arms" (1929), based on his experience on the Italian battlefield, describes the tragedy of a pair of lovers whose happiness was destroyed by the war; "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940) takes anti-fascism as the theme , describing the heroic sacrifice of an American volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. These two anti-war novels are hailed as masterpieces of modern world literature. The novella "The Old Man and the Sea" (1952) describes a Cuban fisherman's tenacious fighting spirit in the face of failure. This book won the Pulitzer Prize. Other works include "Death in the Afternoon" (1932), "Green Mountains of Africa" ??(1935), "To Have and Have Not" (1937), "Across the River and into the Woods" (1950), etc.
Hemingway's works have a unique style, not only concise style, but also vivid and bright language, which has had a great influence on the American literary world. Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.
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Hemingway (1899-1961) was an American novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Born on July 21, 1899 in the rubber plantation town on the outskirts of Chicago. His father is a doctor and sports enthusiast, and his mother is engaged in music education. The second of six brothers and sisters, he loved sports, fishing and hunting since childhood. After graduating from high school, he traveled to France and other places, and worked as a trainee reporter after returning to China. After the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered to go to Italy as a field ambulance driver. In the summer of 1918, he was seriously injured by a shell on the front line and returned to China to recuperate. Later, he went to work as a reporter for the Star in Toronto, Canada. Returning to Paris in 1921, he met American female writer Stein, young writer Anderson and poet Pound. In 1923, he published his debut work "Three Short Stories and Ten Poems", and then traveled to various European countries. In 1926, he published the novel "The Sun Also Rises", which was an initial success and was called "the lost generation" by Stein. In 1929, the publication of the masterpiece "A Farewell to Arms", which reflected the First World War, brought great success to the writer. In the early 1930s, Hemingway traveled and hunted in Africa. In 1935, he wrote "The Green Mountains of Africa" ??and some short stories. In 1937, he published the novel "To Have and Have Not", which described the maritime smuggling activities between the United States and Cuba. During the Spanish Civil War, he visited the front line three times as a reporter, wrote the script "The Fifth Column" under artillery fire, and created the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" based on the American participation in the Spanish People's Anti-Fascist War. (1940). He and many well-known American writers and scholars made donations to support the Spanish people’s just struggle. In 1941, he and his wife Martha visited China to support our country’s Anti-Japanese War, and later went to Europe as a war correspondent and participated in many battles. After the war, he lived in Cuba and devoted himself to writing. In 1952, "The Old Man and the Sea" came out and was well received. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1954. After Castro came to power, he left Cuba and settled in the United States. . Due to many old injuries, various illnesses, and mental depression, Hemingway committed suicide with a shotgun on July 2, 1961. His posthumous works mainly include: "Island in the Current" (1970) and "The Garden of Eden" ( 1986). His unique style and tough guy image have had a profound impact on modern European and American literature.
Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961), American novelist.
He was born in a doctor's family near Chicago in 1899 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He participated in World War I, later served as a correspondent in Europe, and participated in World War II and the Spanish Civil War as a reporter. He suffered from various diseases and depression in his later years, and committed suicide in 1961. His early novels "The Sun Also Rises" (1927) and "A Farewell to Arms" (1927) have become the main representative works expressing the "lost generation" in the United States.
In the 1930s and 1940s, he created the image of anti-fascist fighters who got rid of confusion and pessimism, fought bravely and fearlessly for the interests of the people, and sacrificed fearlessly for the interests of the people. In the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls", he created an image. In the 1950s, he created a "tough guy image" represented by Santiago who "can destroy him, but just can't defeat him" (representative work "The Old Man and the Sea" 1950). Hemingway is a spiritual monument to the American nation.
The 1920s was the early period of Hemingway's literary creation. He wrote "In Our Time", "Spring Tide", "Man Without Women" and the novels "The Sun Also Rises" and "The Sun Also Rises". A Farewell to Arms" and other works. During this period, the Western world was sinking into the wasteland that Eliot saw behind the collapse of society. The novel "The Sun Also Rises" is about the life scenes of a group of young people living in Europe after the war and the profoundness of their spiritual world. change. The protagonist of the novel, Jack Barnes, is an American journalist whose sexual ability was destroyed by the war. He fell in love with a British nurse, Brett Ashley, who also fell in love with him, but they could not be together.
An American writer Robert Cohen, a man with many false and romantic fantasies about life, also fell in love with Brett, but she did not like him. This group of young people who have gone through many vicissitudes of life wandered around the European continent after the war, doing nothing all day long, gathering together to drink, quarrel or fight. The war took away their loved ones and left them with physical and mental trauma. They were extremely disgusted with the war, had doubts about justice and traditional values, and felt tired, confused and depressed about life. The novel denounces the war from a unique perspective and has an anti-war color. The novel describes the confusion of a generation and has become a representative work of the "Lost Generation" literary genre.
"A Farewell to Arms" (also translated as "Battlefield Dreams") is Hemingway's masterpiece. Taking the anti-imperialist war as the theme, he revealed the historical reasons for the emergence of the "lost generation" and accused the war of destroying people's ideals and happiness, harming people's souls, and causing millions of innocent lives to be ruined. This work reveals the basic characteristics of Hemingway's prose style and "modern narrative art". The plot of the work is simple and the artistic conception is pure, the language is unpretentious, the sentences are short and concise, and the description of the environment achieves a blend of scenes.
In the 1940s, he wrote "The Green Mountains of Africa" ??and "The Snow of Kilimanjaro" based on his experiences and impressions in Africa, and also published "The Short-lived Happiness of Francis Mabekan" . In 1932, he published "Death in the Afternoon", adhering to the American architect Rodwig's famous saying "the less, the more", which made the work more refined, shortened the distance between the work and the readers, and put forward the "iceberg principle" , only expresses one-eighth of things, making the work substantial, implicit and thought-provoking.
In 1939, Hemingway wrote the famous novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" against the background of the Spanish Civil War. This is an important work that connects the past and the future. It tells the touching story of Robert Jordan, a volunteer of the International Brigade, who sacrificed his life for cooperating with a guerrilla team in a bridge bombing operation. This work is one of the most thoughtful works in Hemingway's middle period. Get rid of the emotions of loneliness, confusion and sadness, integrate the individual into society, and show the lofty spirit of dedicating oneself to a just cause.
After World War II, Hemingway entered his later period of creation. His representative work is "The Old Man and the Sea". Hemingway won the 1954 Nobel Prize for his courage in the novel "in a real world full of violence and death". Nobel Prize in Literature. Hemingway's life's creations have left a glorious page in the history of modern literature.
As a result, it gets comical, embarrassing, and often even annoying. If he was an artistic adventurer in the 1920s, then in the 1930s and 1940s the artist himself became an adventurer. His views on life have not changed, but his artistic skills have slackened.
Between the publication of "The Sun Also Rises" and the unpublished "A Farewell to Arms", Hemingway divorced Chadley and married Pauline Paley, the fashion style editor of Vogue. After paying money to get married, they returned to the United States and settled in Keyvis. In 1927, Hemingway completed and published his second collection of short stories, "Men Without Women." In 1928, when he was writing the first draft of "A Farewell to Arms", Pauline gave birth to their first child (she gave birth to two sons in one month); when he was revising the first draft, he learned the news: He His father suffered from diabetes and committed suicide due to financial difficulties. He used a pistol that his own father had used during the Civil War. Twenty years later, Hemingway recalled in the preface to his illustrated book A Farewell to Arms: "There were good times and bad times in that year," but he also said that he was "living in a book" and "much better than I was." Pleasant at any time." In the early thirties, he was financially prosperous, happily married, and adventuring. Over the years, he hunted ducks and elk in Wyoming and Montana, hunted big game in Africa, and fished off Keyvis and Bimini aboard his custom-built Pilar yacht. These were the years of the Great Depression. The country was depressed by the economic crisis, but Hemingway was more like a fanatical Boy Scout. Between 1934 and 1936, he wrote twenty-three lively but unworthy articles for Desire magazine, describing hunting and fishing, which provided a perspective on the urban victims of the Great Depression. Spiritual refuge. In Hemingway's rough and arrogant face and strong body, they saw the face of a hero in a period of bad luck; his implicit prose and concise dialogue showed the typical "beautiful grace under pressure." Two works of non-fiction he published over the years reinforced this image. One is "Death in the Afternoon" (1932), which praises the ritual of bullfighting, and the other is "The Green Hills of Africa" ??(1935), which describes a hunting trip and rehearses the tragedy of man and beast, but almost at the top of his lungs praises the dignity of human courage. .
In the early 1930s, relatively few Hemingway novels were written. In the 1920s, Hemingway published two novels, thirty-five short stories, a parody, some poetry, and a considerable amount of correspondence. The major work he produced in the first half of the 1930s was "The Winner Takes Nothing" (1933), a collection of fourteen short stories. In 1936, he published one of his best short stories, "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," in which the protagonist is a writer who ridicules himself for not being able to write the work "he should write."
From 1937 to the end of World War II, the artist Hemingway was still his adventurer, but he just changed his costume. Beginning with Henry Leigh Morgan's words in "The To Have and the Have Not" (1937) - "A man can't do anything... he can't do anything good if he's good" - Hemingway and his protagonists sacrificed their private affairs and turned to the world collective responsibility arising from the crisis. At least on the surface, the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War shattered Hemingway's belief that the writer's main task was to "write directly and sincerely about people" and that "anyone who sees politics as a way out is lying." ." Left-wing critics, who had long derided what they saw as Hemingway's gleeful isolationism, now welcomed his shift. In fact, Hemingway did not turn left in his novel creation. His characters followed the old path - adventure, loneliness, and the result was a dead end. They re-enter the world because democracy may be better than fascism, but although they are mixed with the people, they are not members of the people. So did Hemingway. No matter what war he participated in, it became his war. He fought as always, with his own conditions and reasons.
Hemingway went to Spain in early 1937. Officially, he is a reporter for the Arctic American Newspaper Alliance, but he is not an impartial bystander.
He borrowed money to buy relief troops for troops loyal to the Communist Party and the government, spoke at the Second National Writers Conference of the United States to attack fascism, assisted in the filming of the pro-*** and government film "Spanish Land" (1938), and published his The only long play, "The Fifth Column," describes this conflict. In 1939, he bought a real estate in the "Lookout Farm" on the outskirts of Havana. In the house on the top of the real estate, he wrote the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" about fascism, democracy and individuals.
A few days after the novel was published, Pauline Puffer divorced him on the grounds of "abandonment." Within a week, Hemingway married his third wife, Martha Gellhorn, a novelist and journalist from St. Louis. They lived together for five years. In the first two years of their marriage, they went to China. As a war correspondent, Hemingway wrote reports for the now-defunct New York newspaper The Afternoon. In these reports, Hemingway believed that a war between Japan, Britain and the United States was unlikely, but it was not impossible. He had the foresight to point out that if Japan attacked American bases in the Pacific or Southeast Asia, war would be inevitable.
From 1942 to 1944, when he was sent to General Patton to write about the Third Army as a non-military reporter for "Currier" magazine, Hemingway controlled "Leather". "Lal" - equipped with communications and explosives facilities at the government's expense - patrolled the sea and became a disguised anti-submarine warship. Although the Pilar did not encounter a submarine (if it did, Hemingway was prepared to order himself to throw grenades and incendiary bombs from the conning tower), Hemingway's reports may have helped the Navy detect the location of some submarines and blow them up. Shen, Hemingway was honored for these achievements. In 1944, Hemingway cooperated with the Royal Air Force in the United Kingdom and flew several times to participate in combat. He was not injured. However, he was injured in a car crash during a blackout in London, and his head and knees were injured. Several newspapers published his obituary, but soon after, on the day of the Allied landings, Hemingway watched the battle for several minutes at Fox Green Beach in Normandy before returning to the ship.
Although he nominally belonged to General Patton's army, he acted with the Fourth Infantry Division of the First Army and participated in the battle to liberate Paris and the Battle of the Bulge?