Xin Qiji (1140-1207), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is You'an and the nickname is Jiaxuan. He was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). When he was born, Shandong was already occupied by the Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin rebel army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He successively served as the pacifier of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming and fighting, crack down on corruption and powerful people, and pay attention to stabilizing people's livelihood. He firmly advocated resisting gold throughout his life. In memorials such as "Ten Essays on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions", he made a detailed analysis of the political and military situation at that time, and made a strong refutation of the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of the Jin army and advocating compromise and surrender; he called for strengthening combat preparations and encouraging morale. to restore the Central Plains. None of his anti-gold suggestions were adopted, and he was attacked by the peace faction. He was laid off from his job for a long time and lived idle in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi. It was used for a time in his later years, but he died soon after. His poems express the patriotic enthusiasm of trying to restore the country's unity, express the grief and indignation of unrealized ambitions, expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper-class ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty; there are also many works that praise the country's mountains and rivers. There are various artistic styles, but the main ones are bold and unrestrained. Enthusiastic, generous and tragic, with strong writing power, he is called "Su Xin" together with Su Shi. "Breaking Time? Compose a poem for Chen Tongfu", "Yong Yule? Nostalgia for the past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou", "Shuilong Yin? Dengjiankang Shangxin Pavilion", "Bodhisattva Man? Write on the Ostomy Wall of Jiangxi" and so on. famous. But some works also reveal the negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. There is "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences". Today, there is a collection of "Xin Jiaxuan's Poems and Essays".
Xin Qiji is "a great man of his life. He is proud of his integrity and promises himself of his achievements" (Fan Kai's "Preface to Jiaxuan Ci"). Like Lu You, he was a representative figure who firmly advocated the restoration of the Northern Expedition after crossing to the south. He could also look at the Northern Expedition with a people-oriented idea. He said: "Recovery is for the ancestors, for the country, and for the livelihood of the people. This is also what the Lord Ming and the wise and brave men of the world have done. Gu Qiwu It is private for the king and the prime minister!" ("Nine Discussions") He can also use the perspective of a strategist and put forward three principles for resisting the enemy and saving the country based on the actual situation of the enemy and ourselves: "There is no rush in one day, but it is better to review the order in the next day. , You can be defeated in three days." ("Nine Discussions")
Although Xin Qiji did not leave any systematic and clear literary opinions, some of his literary tendencies can be seen from some words and sentences. He said: "There are thousands of hatreds in ancient and modern times. Should separation and separation be the joys and sorrows? Before the storms and evils at the head of the river, it would be difficult to travel in the world." ("Partridge Sky") shows that he not only attaches great importance to the emotional role of literary works, It also emphasizes that literature should reflect major social content. He also said: "Poetry is in the midst of bleak business" ("Partridge Sky"), "Poems have to be revived, and the sun and moon have new work." ("Shui Diao Ge Tou") shows that he advocates a serious attitude towards writing. He also said: "Intentionally majestic and graceful, but unintentionally exquisite." ("Linjiang Immortal") shows that he particularly admires the bold style. He also expressed deep admiration for Tao Yuanming's aura of arrogance and tranquility. This aesthetic taste also directly affected his style of writing.
The ideological content of Er Xin Qiji's Ci
The content of Xin's Ci is broader than that of Su's Ci, and truly achieves the goal of "no intention can be entered, and nothing can be said" (Liu Xizai's "Art Survey· "Compendium of Songs and Songs").
The most concentrated and progressive of Xin’s poems are patriotic poems. Xin Qiji had a military career that ordinary writers did not possess. He was first a patriotic fighter and then a poet, so his patriotic poems were the most natural and genuine. “The tragic songs are generous, and the air of depression and boredom is all reflected in his poems. " (Volume 4 of Xu Yi's "Ci Yuan Cong Tan")
Therefore, what deserves special attention in patriotic Ci are those works that express self-experience, self-image, and self-feelings.
Those poems that record one's fighting career, or express emotions in memory of one's fighting life, are undoubtedly unique works in the history of poetry, such as:
The banner of the prime of life supports ten thousand men, Jin Xi suddenly rode across the river at the beginning. The soldiers of Yan sewed at Yinhu at night, and the arrows of Han flew towards the golden servant girl.
Looking back at the past, I sigh at the present. The spring breeze does not dye my white mustache, but I exchange ten thousand words of plain military policy for my boss’s tree planting book. ("Partridge Sky")
What the poem Shangqing describes is exactly "the year of Xinsi in Guangdong, and the invasion of the south by Liang Dynasty. The people of the Central Plains gathered in groups, and the ministers tasted two thousand doves, and they were under the command of Geng In Beijing, he was appointed as the secretary in charge, and Tu was restored. The army had 250,000 soldiers and paid money to the court." ("Ten Essays on Meiqin, Preface"). The next column writes about the sorrow and emotion of failed ideals caused by recalling the past.
However, Xin Qiji was in pain and indignation, but he was not depressed. He could still maintain a high-spirited and enterprising spirit when he was depressed. For example, in a singing performance with another patriot Chen Liang, he not only expressed his sadness and indignation at not being reused, but also expressed his emotions. His firm belief:
Things are the same and people’s hearts are different. Ask Qu Nong, after all, how many times have China separated and separated? No one cares about the car of sweat, blood and salt, and collects the bones of a horse thousands of miles away. The right eye is cut off, and the road to Guanhe River is cut off. I pity Jun Zhongxiaowu the most, saying, "A man's heart is as strong as iron until he dies." Let's see if he can mend the cracks in the sky. ("Congratulations to the Bridegroom")
Xin Qiji also has many words that comment on the current situation, discuss world affairs, care about the fate of the country, state the great cause of restoration, and criticize the forces that surrender to peace. In these words, he did not discuss and report in a general way, but poured out all his heart and soul to talk, cry, shout, and encourage. For example, "Bodhisattva Man":
Under the clear river water of Yugu Terrace, many passersby shed tears in the middle. Looking northwest to Chang'an, one can see countless mountains.
The green mountains cannot cover it, and it will flow eastward after all. When Jiang was feeling sad at night, he heard partridges deep in the mountains.
Using "countless mountains" to compare with the numerous obstacles to the cause of resisting the Jin Dynasty, and using rivers flowing eastward to compare with the power of resisting the enemy and saving the country is unstoppable. It can be said that the spirit of loyalty and indignation is blowing at the fingertips.
Xin Qiji’s patriotic lyrics are expressed through various themes, the most important of which is the lyrics. In Xin Zaihu's libretto, he rarely wrote about you and your lovesickness, but mostly used the words of encouragement to restore the great cause of the Northern Expedition, which made the content of his libretto completely new. Taking his birthday wishes as an example, he wrote: "Counting thousands of miles of military affairs, fame is what it is, true Confucianism. Is it known to the public?" "Jiachen Suishou Hannanjian Shangshu")
The second is to write scenery poems. There are many patriotic masterpieces in Xin's poems, such as "Nian Nujiao·I Come to Pay Reminiscence", "Water Dragon Song·Chu Tian Qianli Qingqiu", "Bodhisattva Man·The Qingjiang River Under the Yugu Terrace", "Ugly Nuer·Youngster Doesn't Know the Feeling of Sorrow" , "Yong Yu Le·Eternal Rivers and Mountains", "Nanxiangzi·Where to Look at China" are all works of this type. For example, "Shui Long Yin" says:
The Chu sky is thousands of miles away and the autumn is endless, and the water follows the sky and the autumn is boundless. The distant eyes are far away, showing sorrow and hatred, and the jade hairpin is in a bun. The sunset above the building, in the sound of broken bells, wanderers from the south of the Yangtze River. I looked at Wu Gou and patted the railings all over, but no one understood me.
The third is nostalgic words. For example, the poem "Yongyu Le·Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past", which was rated as the best by Yang Shen, "is intended to restore, so it traces Sun Liu" (Song Xiangfeng's Yuefu Yulun); tracing Sun Liu is a criticism "The situation of the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jins is different from today", "Wu and Chu are not weak enough to balance the Central Plains", and "there is nothing in the world, so the south must follow the south, and the north must follow the north". The purpose of lowering troops was to be cautious, so we lamented Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty; lamenting Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty reminded the authorities not to repeat the mistakes of hasty military use and failure. Finally, I feel sorry for Lian Po. To feel sorry for Lian Po means to feel sad that I was born at the wrong time and cannot be reused. With the help of chanting the past, satirizing the present has a deeper connotation.
In addition to patriotic poems, Xin Qiji also wrote poems on many other themes. There are about thirty or forty poems that directly or indirectly describe the countryside. For example, "Qingpingle·The eaves are low", "Xijiang Yue·The bright moon leaves the branches and the magpies are frightened", etc. are rare rural poems in the history of poetry. Xin Qiji had been idle for nearly 20 years, so he wrote many poems about leisure, but leisure was not what he wanted. Therefore, such words often contain feelings of resentment, which became a variation of his patriotic thoughts. Xin Qiji also occasionally wrote love poems, but "never acted like a naughty girl" (Mao Jin's "Jia Xuan Ci Postscript"), and he also had a lofty sentiment that was difficult for others to achieve, such as:
Flowers blooming on an east wind night Thousands of trees are blown down, and the stars are like rain. BMW carvings fill the road with fragrance, phoenixes rustle, jade pots turn with light, and fish and dragons dance all night.
Moths are covered with golden strands of snow and willow, and laughter is filled with hidden fragrance. The crowd looked for him thousands of times, but suddenly looking back, he found that person in a dimly lit place. ("The Sapphire Case")
Rather than writing about the pursuit of a lover, it is better to say that "self-pity and loneliness, there are no embraces for sad people" (Liang Qichao's words quoted in "Yihengguan Ci") Confession.
The four stages of Xin Qiji’s life
1. Adolescence. It ended before crossing south at the age of 23. This was the most energetic period of his life.
In 1161, the gold lord Wan Yanliang invaded the south on a large scale. The 22-year-old Xin Qiji gathered 2,000 people to set up an anti-gold banner. Soon after, he led his troops to return to Geng Jing's uprising army, and urged Geng Jing to return to the Song Dynasty in order to pursue a great cause. In 1162, Xin Qiji was ordered to cross south to contact the rebel army's return to the Song Dynasty. Unexpectedly, the traitor Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and led his troops to invest money. Xin Qiji learned the news on his way back. Xin Qiji led more than 50 cavalrymen to surprise the Jin camp and captured the traitor Zhang Anguo alive.
This move "makes a heroic statement, makes cowards rise for it, and makes the Holy Emperor sigh three times at the sight of it." From then on, Xin Qiji defected to the Southern Song Dynasty and served as an official in Jiangyin.
2. The period of young adulthood:
From 1162 to 1181, from the age of 23 to 42, Xin Qiji was a wandering official in his life. During this period, Xin Qiji was ambitious and ambitious. He successively wrote a series of memorials, striving to present the strategy of resisting the Jin Dynasty and prospering the country. But his opinions were not adopted by those in power.
During this period, he went from being sentenced to being the magistrate of the state, from being sentenced to prison to being the pacifier. Although his official career was unpredictable, his political achievements were outstanding. He took office as the magistrate of Chuzhou for only half a year, and the "desolate atmosphere" in the local area was completely wiped out. He served as commander in Hunan and created the "Flying Tiger Army". "The army was established and strong in one area, and it was the best among all the armies on the river." He was indeed a good official with a clear political mind who cared about the country and the people.
3. Middle and later years:
1182 to 1202, from 43 to 63 years old. During this period, in addition to once serving as Minzhong from the age of 53 to 55, he was impeached twice and spent 18 years at home in Jiangxi. This was a period in his life when he was forced to live in seclusion. During his long-term seclusion, he was nostalgic for the countryside, nostalgic for the mountains and rivers, and admired Tao Yuanming. He wrote a large number of pastoral poems and landscape poems, which have a strong local flavor. His patriotic passion is also strongly expressed in some of his songs and speeches.
4. Later years:
From 1203 to 1207, Xin Qiji was 64 to 68 years old. When Xin Qiji was 64 years old, he still did not care about long leisure and family affairs, so he was ordered to take up his post. However, he was dismissed again before anything could be accomplished.
Xin Qiji retired to Qianshan in the autumn of 66 years old. Although he was frequently summoned and even granted the title of Minister of the Ministry of War and important positions in the Privy Council, he was always old and sick and could not fulfill his duties and died. Aged 68.
Xin Qiji left more than 620 lyrics. Regardless of the wealth in quantity or the excellence in quality, they all ranked first in the Song Dynasty. Ci critics say: Those who marry Xuan are outstanding among people and dragons among Ci.
Xin Qiji’s poetry inherited Su Dongpo’s bold style and developed. Later generations called Su and Xin together. In terms of courage, Su is not as good as Xin; in terms of gas, Xin is not as good as Su.
Recovering our homeland and returning our mountains and rivers was the strongest voice of that era, and was fully expressed in Xin Qiji's lyrics.
Because Xin Qiji was forced to live in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, he used rural life and pastoral scenery in his lyrics, which filled his lyrics with a fresh breath of life and a refreshing earthy aroma. This was also the inspiration for Xin Qiji's lyrics. A great feature.
Like other literati, Xin Qiji liked drinking very much and often got drunk. He once made up his mind to quit drinking, but gave up halfway. His drinking lyrics are profound, humorous and full of life style.
Chen Liang, a contemporary of Xin Qiji, also known as Chen Tongfu (1143~1194), was an outstanding thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a man of heroic talent, fond of talking about war, and advocated the war of resistance. Therefore, he was repeatedly persecuted and was falsely accused and imprisoned three times. He and Xin Qiji shared the same goals and had close contacts. When Xin Qiji was staying in Shangrao in the winter of 1188, Chen Liang came to visit Xin Qiji from Dongyang, Zhejiang, and the two fell in love. Xin Qiji wrote a poem "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" to describe their interaction. The words are in order:
Chen Tong's father came to Yu from Dongyang and stayed for ten days. He traveled with him to Ehu Lake and met Zhu Hui'an at Zixi River. After seeing each other tomorrow, I still felt a special love in my mind, and wanted to follow the road again. When I reached the heron forest, I found that the snow was deep and the mud was slippery, making it impossible to go forward. Drinking alone in Fangcun, I felt sad for a long time and hated the fact that I couldn't keep him. In the middle of the night, I stayed at the four watchtowers of Wu's Quan Lake. I felt very sad when I heard the neighbor's flute, so I composed the poem "Breast Swallow Flying" to express my feelings. Five days later, the same father wrote to ask for words, and if he felt the same way, he would be able to smile a thousand miles away.
Tell the wine to Changting.
Looking at Yuanming, the wind is very similar.
Where is the magpie flying in the forest?
The remaining snow on the pine tops is trampled.
It is necessary to break off the hat and add more hair.
The remaining water and mountains have no attitude,
The plum blossoms have been thinned, and the food has become a wind and moon.
Two or three wild geese,
also desolate.
It’s too early to say goodbye to a beautiful woman.
The Qingjiang River is so cold that it cannot be crossed.
The water is deep and icy.
The road is broken and the wheels are four corners,
Pedestrians here are no longer interested.
To whom can I express my sorrow?
The current lovesickness is wrong,
It was expected that all the iron in the world would be spent.
Long night flute,
don’t blow it to pieces.
The poem begins by recalling the situation of saying goodbye over wine in the post office. Xin Qiji admired his friend Chen Liang very much and compared him to the reclusive Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang. Magpies flew from nowhere in the forest, trampling on the pine tops, and the snow fell on their hats, which aroused the sigh of having gray hair, no way to serve the country, and wasted years. The wilderness in winter is lifeless, with a few sparse plum blossoms dotting the scenery. Two or three wild geese flew across the sky, making it even more desolate. This is also the result of the Southern Song Dynasty's complacency.
In the next film, the story of the farewell is recalled. The beauty refers to Chen Liang, praising him for renewing their appointment to meet again, but also slightly complaining about his eagerness to return. This is the theme of this word, stop there. What makes people melancholy is that due to the cold weather, the water in Qingjiang River is deep and frozen, making it impossible for pedestrians to cross. The snow is deep and muddy, the road is difficult and difficult, and the wheels cannot turn as if they have grown horns. To leave at such a time is to make passers-by lose their souls and rot their bones. Let me ask who made you sad? It's not just parting, but more importantly, the country is in danger and the reality of not being reused by the court. Due to the deep friendship between the author and Chen Liang, this meeting was like spending all the iron in the world to create the love-hate in the world. In the dead of night, the sound of the flute arouses the infinite longing for my friend.
Xin Qiji also has a poem "Broken Array", the preface is: "Compose a heroic poem for Chen Tongfu". It expresses his ambition of dreaming day and night to regain the great rivers and mountains. This word was originally used to encourage Chen Liang.
Looking at the sword while drunk,
I dreamed of blowing the trumpet company.
Eight hundred miles away, the soldiers are burning,
The sound of fifty strings turning over the Great Wall.
The battlefield is full of troops.
The horse is flying fast,
The bow is like a thunderbolt.
Finish the affairs of the king and the world,
Win the reputation before and after death.
Pity happened in vain.
People originally used wine to relieve their sorrows. Once drunk, everything will stop. But the author was drunk, and his worries were not gone, and he was obsessed with regaining the lost ground. He turned on the lamp, admired his sword, and thought about how to put it to use and make it useful. In his sleep, one military camp after another, there was a sound of trumpets. In the 800-mile military camp, the soldiers rejoiced and shared the barbecue given to them by the general. The military instruments played majestic and tragic military music. Just when the autumn is high and the horse is strong, the troops are ordered on the battlefield and ready to go to war.
"Delu" is the sound of hoofbeats made when a horse is running. The cavalry led by the general rushed towards the enemy like lightning, their bows were like thunderbolts, and thousands of arrows were fired. The enemies fell off their horses one after another, and the remaining soldiers fled in panic. The general takes the lead and pursues the victory. The triumphant song reaches the clouds and the joy moves the earth. Not only can he settle the affairs of the king and the world, but also win a reputation for himself during and after his death. This is a feat that a poet dreams of. However, in the government controlled by the capitulationists, the author "wanted to serve his country without having a battlefield," and could only lament the cold reality: pity happened in vain.
In less than two years from 1176 to 1178, Xin Qiji was mobilized frequently, and his official career was in Jiangxi, Hubei and other places known as Chu in ancient times. When he was transferred from Yuzhang, Jiangxi (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), he wrote the poem "Partridge Sky". The preface is: Leaving Yuzhang, farewell to Superintendent Sima Hanzhang.
It is not accidental to gather and disperse in a hurry,
I have traveled through Chu mountains and rivers in two years.
But drink heavily to repay the wind and moon,
Don’t let the songs of separation enter the orchestra.
Lingering in the green belt, dotted with green coins,
The spring water of East Lake stretches to the sky.
Let me go back east in the Ming Dynasty.
The whole boat will be full of lovesickness the night after.
We have become accustomed to the unpredictable gatherings and separations. In the past two years, his official career has been beautiful all over the mountains and rivers of Chu. Although I was unhappy, it was hard to express. I can only repay this beautiful scenery with a helpless drink, and don't play the song of departure to make people sad.
The green water is surrounded by a belt, and the lotus leaves dot the water like green coins. The clear water of Nanchang East Lake stretches to the sky. If I return east to Lin'an tomorrow, I will be on the boat under the bright moon, missing my old friend Yuzhang and Superintendent Sima Hanzhang.
When Xin Qiji was living in Daihu, Shangrao, Jiangxi, he wrote a poem "The Ugly Girl is Near", with the preface: Boshan Road imitates Li Yi'an's style.
Thousands of peaks and clouds rise,
Sudden rains can last for a moment.
Farther away, the scenery of trees and setting sun,
how to create a picture!
Qingqi sells wine,
There is another family on the other side of the mountain.
As long as the scenery is beautiful,
I will have nothing to do this summer.
When I wake up from my nap,
the pine windows and the bamboo windows.
Thousands of chic.
Wild birds fly over,
It’s normal leisure again.
But blame the white gull,
Looking at people who want to do it but don’t do it.
All those who have returned to the alliance are here,
It’s not the newcomer,
Don’t say anything.
This poem is written clearly as words, fresh and cheerful, very similar to Li Qingzhao's style. Boshan refers to the southwest of Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province. From a distance, it looks like the Xianglu Peak of Mount Lu. The summer rain comes quickly and passes after a while. The setting sun after the rain shines on the dusty green hills and trees, making them look particularly fresh, beautiful and picturesque. Qingqi sells wine, which means that selling wine has become commercialized and there are hotels in remote rural areas; on the other hand, it means that the author went to the hotel to sell wine, which corresponds to waking up from a drunken afternoon in the next film.
The next part describes the environment around the restaurant. After the author was drunk, he had a good sleep. When he woke up, he saw outside the window surrounded by pines and bamboos, which was very elegant and quiet. Because it is quiet, there are wild birds flying in, which is another scenery. That white gull looks at people and makes them want to get off. What are you afraid of? Don’t we have a friendly alliance?
This poem imitates Li Qingzhao's "using simple and vulgar language to express fresh thoughts."
When Xin Qiji was living leisurely in Daihu, Shangrao, he also wrote a poem "Niannujiao", with the preface: "Fu Yuyan, imitate Zhu Xizhen's body". Yuyan is located near Boshan. Zhu Dunru, courtesy name Zhu Xizhen, was born in Luoyang and was a famous poet at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties. "Selected Poems of Hua'an" says that he has "far-reaching talent and a fairy-like demeanor". Xin Qiji's poem is not "immortal style" enough, but more about Zhuangzi's Taoism.
Wherever I am recently,
Wherever I have sorrow, I still know my happiness.
A bit of desolation through the ages,
Lonely leaning against the west wind.
Looking for springs with bamboos,
Planting trees with clouds,
To be a true leisure guest.
This heart is free,
It should not be a long-term residence in the hills and valleys.
Don’t say that things in the past were not true.
Now it is true.
Let’s take Qing Zun into account.
I don’t know who I am when I’m drunk.
It’s neither the moon nor the clouds nor the crane.
The dew is cold on the pine tips,
The wind is high and the cinnamon seeds are high,
I am still awake after being drunk.
Lie high by the north window,
Don’t be frightened by the chirping birds.
Wherever there is sorrow, there is joy. Recently, I have forgotten both sorrow and joy. Independent of the west wind, looking at the sky, there is only a little bit of desolation. Living a life of searching for springs in bamboos and planting trees in the clouds can be called a true idler. Peace of mind does not rely on the cultivation of mountains and rivers.
Don’t say what is right now and what was wrong yesterday, just hold up the golden bottle and stop after getting drunk. When you are drunk and forget yourself, what is the moon like? Yunhu? Crane? Everything is specious. I woke up late at night and was still lonely. Only the dew waves and pine trees can be seen, and the wind can be heard shaking the osmanthus leaves. Wake up and go to sleep again, don't let the morning bird startle you in your dreams.
When Xin Qiji was leisurely living in Daihu Lake, he wrote a poem about a small village scene called "Partridge Sky", with the inscription: "Wandering in E Lake, reading drunkenly on the wall of a restaurant." According to the "Qianshan County Chronicle", there is Ehu Mountain in the northeast of Qianshan County. There is a lake on the mountain. It was originally called Hehu. Because the Gong family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived in the mountain and raised geese, it was renamed Ehu. The Ehu Lake has beautiful scenery and is a place where the author often visited during his leisure time.
Shepherd's purse flowers bloom in spring on the plains,
The crows fall away after the new plowing rains.
The passionate white-haired spring is helpless,
It is easy to get Qinglian wine on credit in the evening.
In a leisurely mood and a careful life,
There are mulberries and hemp on the west bank of the bullpen.
Whose daughter is wearing a green skirt and a black mantle?
Go and see your maternal wife while silkworms are born.
The author describes the scenery and writes about shepherd's purse flowers. Shepherd's purse flower is a kind of wild vegetable. It is ordinary, simple and not afraid of wind and cold. It is the earliest green in spring, the earliest small white flowers bloom, and the young stems are edible. White shepherd's purse flowers are blooming all over the fields. The newly plowed land coincides with the spring rain, and a group of crows fall on the newly plowed land to look for food. A few strokes put the spring scenery in front of the readers. No matter how beautiful the spring scenery is, I can't help but turn gray with worry. I had no choice but to go to a hotel where the wine flag was flying and buy wine on credit to relieve my worries.
The life of the villagers is leisurely and orderly, and mulberry trees and hemp are planted beside the cattle pens. Taking advantage of the free time before the spring silkworms were born, someone's daughter-in-law went to her parents' house wearing a white dress and a blue skirt.
Spring in the countryside is quiet and full of vitality. At this time, the poet was in his forties and had nothing to do. He drank in the hotel to relieve his sorrow, and his head turned gray with sorrow.
Xin Qiji resigned from office and lived in leisure. First he settled in Daihu, Shangrao, and later moved his family to Laoquan, Qianshan. He wrote a poem "Partridge Sky" when he was in Laoquan, Qianshan. The inscription is: "Looking for chrysanthemums, there are none, it's a show."
Cover your nose in the stench of the world,
In ancient times, only wine has a fragrant aroma.
Since I came and went by the clouds and smoke, I have been busy singing and dancing until now.
Call my wife, enjoy the autumn light,
Where can the yellow flowers avoid the Double Ninth Festival?
If you want to know the season of rotten rice,
just wait for the west wind and a night of frost.
Xin Qiji was just in his early forties when he was kicked out of the officialdom and lived idle at home. His full ambition to save the country and take revenge could not be realized. Very transparent. To describe the officialdom as "a rotten place in the world that hides one's nose" is not only a vent for the accumulated anger in one's chest, but also the most appropriate and vivid artistic summary. In ancient and modern times, only wine is fragrant and pure. Only when you are drunk can everything stop.
Xin Qiji only returned to his hometown to live leisurely. The place he chose was surrounded by mountains and rivers, with misty clouds and mist, far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, like a paradise. Live a leisurely life, like a god, in the clouds, mist, singing and dancing.
Call my old partner to enjoy the autumn scenery. The old partner here can be understood as an old partner, an old friend, or an old wife. Appreciating chrysanthemums but not seeing chrysanthemums, how did the chrysanthemums escape the Double Ninth Festival? It's because it's not cold yet, so the chrysanthemums haven't bloomed yet. To know the season of rotten leaves, wait for the west wind and a night of frost. It not only praises the character and spirit of the chrysanthemum, but also reflects the character and spirit of the lyricist.
Xin Qiji lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time and observed rural life carefully and experienced it deeply. One of his poems, "Spring in the Jade House", is a rural sung, fresh, lively and humorous.
Whose daughter is there in twos and threes?
Listen to the songbirds talking on the branches.
I have been carrying the pot and selling wine for a long time.
I have to go early when my mother-in-law's cake is burnt.
I forgot the way I came when I was drunk,
I asked the traveler where he lived.
Only look for the ancient temple,
pass the Chinese tallow tree in the south of the river.
The upper and lower pieces are two pictures that complement each other. The above film is a picture of wandering girls listening to birds. Women in groups of two or three listen to the chirping of birds in the trees. The chirping of the birds is as clever as human speech: "I carry the pot and go out to make wine, and the mother-in-law pancakes are burnt." Tihu and Po Pancake are both named after birds.
The next film is even more interesting. A man is drunk and forgets his way back. Pedestrians are eager to point out where to go. The more serious the guide is, the more drunk the person asking for directions becomes.
Xin Qiji lived idle and often drank to pass the lonely time. Use wine to relieve your worries. After being drunk, you will have no time to worry about. Sometimes I get drunk and look ridiculous. A poem he wrote called "Moon on the West River". Inscription: "Condemnation".
If you are drunk and want to laugh,
You will have no time to worry.
Recently I have begun to realize that ancient people’s books are useless.
There is no point in believing them.
Last night Songbian was drunk.
I asked Songbian how I was drunk?
I just suspected that Songsong was coming to help me,
I pushed Songsong with my hand and said "Go"!
Because the author advocated resistance to the Jin Dynasty, he was not used by the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he had no choice but to get drunk and indulge in pleasure to relieve his sorrow. Mencius once said: "It is better to believe in all books than to have no books at all." Xin Qiji translated this phrase, which means that there are many wise sayings in ancient books, but they do not work in reality, so it is better to not believe them than to believe them.
The next film recalls the scene of the drunken drunkenness last night, mistaking the loose movement for human movement, and the drunken state is vivid.
The whole poem is written around the word drunk, using drunkenness to express sorrow and anger, which is full of fun.
Xin Qiji once made up his mind to quit drinking. He wrote a poem "Qinyuanchun" with the inscription: "I will stop drinking, and I will stop drinking and keep the drinking glass away." It means I'm going to stop drinking, and I'm warning the wine glass not to come near me.
Before you come here,
I am going to inspect my body now.
I have been thirsty for a long time,
My throat is like a burnt cauldron;
I feel like sleeping now,
My breath is like thunder.
You said, "Liu Ling,
a master in ancient and modern times,
might as well die and be buried after being drunk."
This is so,
I feel sorry for you as a confidant,
How ungrateful you are!
They even rely on singing and dancing as matchmakers.
It’s like cooperating with the dove poison in the world.
There is no big or small complaint,
born from what you love;
There is no good or evil in things,
mistakes will lead to disaster.
I have spoken to you:
"Don't stay and retreat immediately,
I can still drink your cup."
The cup was bowed again,
and he said, "He will go as soon as he is commanded, and he will come as soon as he is summoned."
This poem was written by Xin Qiji when he was living leisurely in Laoquan, Qianshan.
The author personifies the wine glass and uses the dialogue between the author and the wine glass to illustrate that alcoholism is bad for health, so he is determined to quit drinking. What's funny is that I don't have much determination to quit drinking.
At first, the poet shouted angrily: Bei, don’t come. I checked my body now and found that I have been thirsty all year round, my throat is as dry as a burnt pot, I am always lethargic, and I have thunderous breathing while sleeping, all of which are caused by drinking alcohol. The wine glass replied: "Liu Ling, a drunkard, can be said to be a great master in ancient and modern times. He gets drunk when he has wine. After he is drunk, he might as well die and be buried. The master of the poem said: It is true. We have been close friends for many years. Your statement is too heartless.
The ancients held banquets and usually used singing and dancing as a medium to entertain people. It is said that wine is particularly harmful to people, just like the poison of doves. Moreover, resentment in the world, no matter how big or small, is often caused by greed; there is no beauty or evil in things. If you exceed the limit, you will go to the opposite direction. There is no question of good or bad wine. Drinking too much becomes a harmful and bad thing. In this way, if drinking is harmful, you cannot just blame the wine, but you must also review your own lack of restraint. The poet made an agreement with the wine glass: "Don't leave in a hurry, otherwise I will smash you to pieces." He saluted again and again and said, "You wave me away and I come back." "This is a compromise agreement reached by both parties. The knowing words make people laugh. After Xin Qiji wrote this poem about quitting drinking, he drank as much as he saw.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a night for poets to drink and express their emotions. Xin Qiji once wrote two poems about Mid-Autumn Festival, one of which is "One Cut of Plum Blossoms". p>
The flowers are in the cup,
The moon is in the cup.
Tonight, the screen window is wet with clouds.
The screen window is wet with rain.
I want to ask about the chemical industry.
The road is difficult to pass.
The letter is also difficult to pass.
The whole hall is only red with candles.
The cup is calm, and the song is calm.
The white osmanthus flowers are silver. Osmanthus, the yellow flowers are golden osmanthus, and the red flowers are osmanthus. I recall the Mid-Autumn Festival in the past, drinking wine and admiring the moon among the osmanthus bushes, the flowers were in the wine glass, and the moon was in the wine glass. This year's Mid-Autumn Festival, because of the rain, I could only stay upstairs. I went there, the wine was the same, there were clouds and rain in front of the window, but there was no moon.
I wanted to go up to the sky to ask, but the sky was blocked and there was no way to write in the painting hall. There is no moon, only the red candle shines on the demon, so I can only raise my glass and drink calmly and enjoy the songs and dances
The preface of another Mid-Autumn Festival poem "Magnolia" written by Xin Qiji is: "Drinking in the Mid-Autumn Festival." On the first day of the lunar month, the guest said that the previous poems had poems about waiting for the moon, but there were no poems about sending the moon, because they used the style of "Tianwen".
Poor tonight's moon,
Where is it? Go to Youyou?
It’s a different world.
Where can I see the light and shadow to the east?
It’s a sky full of sweat.
But Changfeng Haohao sends the Mid-Autumn Festival?
Who can keep the flying mirror if it has no roots?
Who can keep it if it is not married?
It is said that there is no reason to go through the sea. ,
Trance makes people sad
Afraid of thousands of miles of whales,
The jade palace is broken.
p>
As a toad, it is worth bathing in water.
How can a jade rabbit explain ups and downs?
If everything is fine,
How can it gradually become like this? Hook?
The moon is so cute tonight. It's drifting toward the west. Where are you going? Is there another world over there, watching you rise from the east? Manman, Changfeng Haohao sends you away? You are like a flying mirror, why don't you fall down? Who kept Chang'e in the moon if she didn't marry? It is said that the moon travels under the sea, which is unfounded and incomprehensible. It makes people worried. If they are really under the sea, they are afraid that thousands of miles of whales will swim across the moon and knock down the jade palace in the middle of the moon. Besides, if the jade toad in the moon can swim, what will happen to the jade rabbit? Turn into a hook shape?
This word is innovative in the poetry of chanting the moon. Wang Guowei, a lyricist, commented that the first five sentences of this poem, "The poet imagines that the moon is orbiting the earth." The principles are closely related to scientists, and can be described as divine enlightenment" ("Human Words").
Mao Zedong liked Xin Qiji's poem "Magnolia Slowly·Poor Today's Moon" very much. In 1964, he talked with Zhou Peiyuan and Yu Guangyuan about the idea of ??a round earth contained in this poem. It can be seen that in addition to his appreciation of the art of this poem, Mao Zedong also highly praised the poet's profound dialectical thinking.