①Subjective idealism: The world is created and determined by human consciousness.
Song Dynasty philosopher Lu Xiangshan: "The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe."
Ming Dynasty philosopher Wang Yangming: "There is nothing outside the heart."
Engels
British philosopher Berkeley: To exist is to be perceived. Objects are "combinations of feelings" and "collections of ideas".
"When the eyes are open, the flowers will be bright; when the eyes are closed, the flowers will be silent."
②Objective idealism: The world is created and determined by some kind of god or elusive absolute concept.
Philosopher Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty: "Principle comes first."
Plato: The world is the shadow of "ideas".
Hegel: The essence of the world is the independent "absolute spirit".