The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising occurred in the late Qin Dynasty. This was the first civilian uprising in Chinese history. In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), a group of more than 900 people from Luzuo who were recruited and sent to Yuyang to garrison arrived at Daze Township (now southeast of Suxian County, Anhui Province). They were blocked by heavy rain and could not reach the garrison as scheduled. Place. According to Qin law, anyone who misses the deadline should be killed, so everyone is afraid. There were two camp commanders in the garrison. One was Chen Sheng, whose courtesy name was She, from Yangcheng (now southwest of Shangshui, Henan Province); the other was Wu Guang, whose courtesy name was Shu, who was from Yangxia (now Taikang, Henan Province). They used the strategies of "Fish Belly Alchemy Book" and "Bonfire Fox Crying" to instigate the garrison soldiers to revolt. They put forward the slogan "Great Chu Xing, Chen Sheng King" and raised troops to rebel against Qin.

The rebel army quickly captured several counties. Due to the continuous participation of ordinary people, the army developed rapidly. When they captured Chen County (now Suiyang, Henan), they already had tens of thousands of infantry and more than a thousand cavalry. , with six to seven hundred chariots, Chen Sheng proclaimed himself king, named his country Zhang Chu (meaning Zhang Da Chu Kingdom), appointed Wu Guang as the false king, led his army to the west to attack Xingyang (now part of Henan Province), and ordered Wu Chen, Zhang Er, Chen Yu and others made a northern expedition to Zhao, Deng Zong conquered Jiujiang County in the south (where Shouchun, today's Shouxian County was the governor), and Zhou Shi captured Wei. Across the country, especially in the old Chu State, the common people and old nobles also rose up in rebellion against Qin.

Wu Guang could not lay siege to Xingyang, so Chen Sheng sent another general, Zhou Wen, to attack Qin westward. When Zhou Wenjin arrived at the opera (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi Province, only more than a hundred miles away from the capital Xianyang), Qin II hurriedly ordered Zhang Han, the Shaofu, to organize the prisoners and slaves who had built Qin Shihuang's tomb into an army to fight. Because the rebels lacked combat experience and went deep alone, they suffered setbacks one after another, and Zhou Wen committed suicide.

With the development of the anti-Qin war, the weaknesses and contradictions within the rebel army were gradually exposed. Chen Sheng became arrogant, listened to slander, killed his old friends, and became increasingly alienated from the rebel masses. The generals sent to various places and no longer obey his temperance. The false king Wu Guang who besieged Xingyang also had disagreements with the rebel general Tian Zang. Tian Zang actually used Chen Sheng's order to kill Wu Guang, which resulted in the entire army being destroyed. After Zhang Han won in Xingyang, he took advantage of the victory and attacked Chen County. Chen Sheng was unsuccessful in the battle, so he broke out and fled to Chengfu (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui), where he was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. After that, although the Cangtou Army led by Chen Sheng's general Lu Chen twice recaptured Chen County and executed Zhuang Jia, the Zhang Chu regime no longer existed. Their famous saying is "Princes, generals and prime ministers would rather have their own kind". Although the Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprisings were defeated in less than a year, they ignited anti-Qin fire across the country and soon overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty. It was the first large-scale peasant uprising in Chinese history, so it was respected by future generations. Be a hero.