1In the late 1960s, Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan accurately captured the local demand and launched the first generation of Fairlady? Z (The North American market is called "datsun" according to different years and specifications. 240Z datsun? 260Z datsun? 280Z "), published in 1969, is mainly used in the vast markets of North America and Japan. Its specifications and performance are comparable to those of European brand cars (such as Jaguar E or Porsche 9 1 1), and it has the exotic flavor of European brand cars. In the product cycle of recent 10 years (1969-1978), it was very popular and sold an astonishing 550,000 sets (about 80,000 sets in Japan, and most of the rest were sold to North America).
Toyota CAL- 1 concept car
Because of this, Toyota has no reason to sit idly by, so it began to promote the development of similar vehicles from its own agency in the mid-1970 s.
1977, at the 22nd Tokyo Auto Show (モーターショーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー1254 A concept car named "TOYOTA CAL- 1" was exhibited for the first time on the above occasions.
Toyota CAL- 1 concept car
The concept car "TOYOTA CAL- 1" is based on the second generation CELICA. The production car of the second generation CELICA adopts the design of square headlights (this design was carried out together with the second generation CELICA Minor August of 1979. Change, late-stage birth, just introduced the ordinary second-generation CELICA.
Moreover, the design of the air intake grille is similar to that of TOYOTA and Japan's first mass-produced super sports car "2000GT": the chrome-plated part of the air intake grille obviously forms a "T", which symbolizes the initials of "Toyota".
Toyota CAL- 1 concept car
Later, it was more considered as pure "sports"? Lady of Nissan? Z obviously has little to do with words like "GT" and "advanced". Completely different from this, the "Toyota CAL- 1" exhibited this time, the unique interior of the car is dominated by shades of brown, and the exterior of the car is dominated by white and brown, showing a futuristic transparent glass roof. The rear surface of the car body is covered with high-quality wood similar to the yacht deck, and the colored polyurethane plastic front and rear bumpers (mostly brown with the same color as the lower part of the car body) that are quite popular in vehicles of that era. This also reveals that Toyota's commodity planners are trying to avoid competition with Nissan's "Lady", who already has a first-Mover advantage in market segments. Z "confrontation, and intends to seek new markets.
In addition to these decorations, the length from the engine compartment firewall to the front axle of the "CAL- 1" concept car is also extended by about 13cm compared with the standard second-generation CELICA, so as to adapt to the Toyota M-series inline six-cylinder engine with larger length and displacement-the ordinary version of the second-generation CELICA only provides various specifications of inline four-cylinder engines from beginning to end.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX】
Front model, 2.6-liter car
1April, 978 "Selika" advanced derivative version of automobile series "Selika? XX is officially released in the Japanese market, note 1.
Obviously, "Selika? In many details, XX is the same as or similar to the concept car CAL- 1 exhibited at the 22nd Tokyo Motor Show, such as the T-shaped front air intake grille design of 2000GT, the wheelbase is extended by 13cm (the extension is between the front axle and the engine compartment firewall), and the front and rear bumpers made of colored polyurethane plastics. (Monochrome painted version, with the same main color as ordinary Celica)
Note 1 the second generation CELICA is the generation with the largest number of derivative cars in this car family? ——? Of course, although the name "CELICA" is independent, it has always been a derivative product of CARINA/CORONA cars in the same period, just like the previous first generation and the third to seventh generations. XX」/『CELICA？ SUPRA "and 1980 1, four-door version of" CELICA? Camry] Interestingly, the names CELICA and CARINA/CORONA, which are the basis of Celica, have long since disappeared from Toyota's product line, but the names "SUPRA" and "Camry", which originally appeared as derivative car names, still exist in most parts of the world, including the Japanese market itself.
The number of versions of the second generation CELICA itself is also the largest in all previous generations of CELICA, even the largest in all production cars of Toyota. There are about 70 different versions of equipment.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX】
Front model, 2.6-liter car
These details are "Selika? Unique to XX, it is different from the Lifeback car with lower price and only in-line 4-cylinder engine in the same period-the first generation CELICA? XX/CELICA？ In SUPRA's short life cycle, there were no coupe and liftback versions like CELICA, but only the liftback body version which was particularly popular at that time.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX】
Front model, 2.6-liter car
However, as a production car, "CELICA? XX ",the interior color does not focus on the tan tone used in the concept car" Toyota CAL- 1 ",but focuses on the unique burgundy note 2, which was later adopted by the first generation of Mark? The high-end Toyota models, such as II/CHASER/CRESTA and original SOARER, have become a major feature of the so-called "ハィソカー”note 3 of1980s. XX "design.
Note 2: The original Selika, of course? XX」/『CELICA？ SUPRA also has a built-in sepia version for customers to choose from, which is slightly different from the "Toyota CAL- 1" concept car.
Note 3 "ハィソカー" is a harmonious English word "High? Society? The abbreviation of "car" basically refers to the use of hard? For Toyota automatic cars produced in Japan from 1960s to early 1990s and sold in the Japanese market, and some models with dimensions classified as "minibuses" in Japan's road traffic law. A top-class car with a top-class body.
The first generation of mass production "CELICA? XX」/CELICA？ SUPRA also has a version with a built-in color similar to the "CAL- 1" concept car, but with a slightly different color.
CELICA in the Japanese market? XX initially provided 2.0L models (Toyota M-EU 2.0L inline 6-cylinder SOHC EFI engine, maximum output 125ps, maximum torque166.6 N m) and 2.6L models (Toyota 4M-EU inline 6-cylinder SOHC EFI engine, maximum output 140ps, maximum). According to the level of equipment and price, the former is divided into three versions: L, S and G from low to high, while the latter is divided into S and G from low to high.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX】
Front model, 2.6-liter car
The optional transmission is basically the same as the fifth-generation Crown (1974-1979) in-line 6-cylinder engine sedan, including 5MT (Toyota W50 gearbox) and 4AT (Toyota A40 gearbox). Among them, the 5th gear of W50 5MT is an overspeed gear, and the 4th gear of A40 4AT is an overspeed gear. In addition, unlike 1990 and many other automobiles equipped with AT-type transmissions, the original generation of "CELICA? XX "(and" CELICA? Supra ") AT cars, like Toyota cars such as Crown at the same time, have enabled the O/D function. When the vehicle is allowed to enter the overdrive gear, the dashboard will light up the relevant signs, instead of turning off the O/D function like the recent AT cars and prohibiting the transmission from entering the overdrive gear.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX】
Front model, 2.6-liter car
The braking system is a four-wheel disc brake in any version-this is the standard equipment for passenger cars with slightly lower positioning today, but it is also one of the symbols of advanced cars/high-performance cars of that era.
Toyota CELICA? XX "special vehicle logo installed at the front of the hood.
1979 65438+ 10 month, "CELICA? XX "is exported for the first time. When landing in the North American market, Toyota decided to give this new car a new name-"Celica? This is also the first time that the word "SUPRA" appeared in the history of automobiles.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA" for markets outside Japan? SUPRA ",because the engine with only one displacement is provided at the same time, there is no longer a displacement sign at the front air intake grille, but a sign with the word" EFI "is changed, indicating that the relatively rare electronically controlled fuel injection engine was used at that time.
Therefore, only the version facing the Japanese market adopts the double "X" interwoven front/rear Logo, while the logo of SUPRA is used in the front and steering wheel of other regions, and the font of "TOYOTA" is used in the rear. The font of the B-pillar large decorative board is also changed from "XX" interwoven logo to "CELICA" from top to bottom. The place where "CELICA" is drawn in capital letters on XX is the capital letter of "SUPRA".
The decorative plate on the wide B-pillar inherited from the second generation of "Selika" was used in the first generation of "Selika"? Above SUPRA, there is no longer a graphic Logo of XX and the word "CELICA" below, but a special Logo for smaller vehicles, the word "CELICA" immediately below it, and the word "SURPA" with a larger and more conspicuous font below.
Obviously, unlike the Japanese market, in North America in the late 1960s, when ordinary family cars were also equipped with a large number of in-line six-cylinder engines with large displacement, the displacement of 2.0L was too small, and 2.6L was more "decent" and "suitable" for cars that emphasized advanced or high performance, so it was the first generation of "CELICA? SUPRA ",only the version with large exhaust volume was retained, that is to say, only the 2.6L car with Toyota 4M-EU engine was used at the beginning.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? Ibid.]
At that time, California, as one of the most important markets in North America, was authorized by the United States to pass and implement separate and stricter regulations related to automobile exhaust emissions, which was different from the whole Federation and exported to "CELICA? SUPRA had to install an exhaust system in accordance with California local regulations, which had a great impact on the operating efficiency of the engine. The first generation CELICA? The previous version of SUPRA only had the highest output of 1 12ps, and the maximum torque of184n m ... was the same as that of CELICA, and it also used the 5M-EU engine for the Japanese market. XX "is a big step backwards.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? Ibid.]
1August, 980, the first generation of "Selika? XX ushered in the only minor in its short life cycle. Change (medium term change). At this time, the rear suspension is changed from four-bar axle suspension (spiral spring) to semi-trailing arm suspension (spiral spring), which is an independent suspension, which can better maintain the grip of the rear wheels in corners-this is also one of the changes made at the same time after all rear lifts of the second generation "CELICA". In addition, at this time, 2.8L car (equipped with Toyota 5M-EU engine, maximum output 145ps, maximum torque 231n m) replaced the position of 2.6L car in the product line. XX "cars were changed to provide 2.0L and 2.8L cars.
And from the perspective of different versions of equipment levels, the later version of "CELICA? XX's 2.8L car only provides the most popular version "G" with the highest equipment level. 2.0L cars will continue to launch L and S versions.
In terms of interior, "CELICA" after the mid-term change? The shape of the center console of XX has been changed, and the middle part has been changed to the standardized DIN audio equipment size, providing 2DIN space.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? Above "section view
CELICA in overseas markets? SUPRA has naturally undergone a mid-term change, which is similar to "CELICA? XX "situation. And the previous generation of "CELICA? SUPRA ",not available in the 2.0L displacement version, so the first generation" CELICA? SUPRA "only has a displacement of 2.8L, but for the same reason as the previous model, the first generation of the latter model" CELICA? SUPRA's peak output and torque are also much lower than those of the early generation CELICA? XX ",maximum output 1 18ps, maximum torque197n m. ..
198 1 summer, the first generation of "CELICA? XX」/『CELICA？ The production of SUPRA stopped with the production of the successor car in Toyota Tahara workshop. In July of the same year, in the Japanese auto market dominated by direct stores, more accurate statistics can be obtained. In the later period, the first generation of "CELICA? XX "was discontinued due to the release of the successor car, and the cumulative production quantity was 39,082 vehicles. Overseas (mainly in North America), there are more than twice as many sales.
Toyota's first generation "CELICA? XX ",profile. She and CELICA facing overseas? Another styling difference of SUPRA is that it uses a more traditional exterior rearview mirror in the front fender position instead of the door rearview mirror-"Celica? It will take August 1983 at the latest to switch to the standardized door rearview mirror, the second generation "CELICA? The late type of XX should be born.
Obviously, although this value is not as good as the previous Nissan Fairlady? Z has set a sales volume of more than 80,000 units in the Japanese market and more than 550,000 units in the global market, but considering the original generation of "CELICA? SUPRA's product life cycle is only more than three years, far less than Nissan's first generation Fairlady? Z has a history of nearly 65,438+00 years, which is enough to make Toyota, as a latecomer, complacent. 、
And the second generation of the successor car "CELICA? XX」/『CELICA？ SUPRA will break away from the advanced style of the first generation and become "sports?" "car"
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