Reflections on reading the sixth article on the work of underachievers

Laizhou Wenfeng Middle School? journey

There are three shepherds who are exhausted by the hot weather. They lay under the tree to rest, and then fell asleep. Naughty grazing assistants blackened the foreheads of sleeping people with charcoal ash from oak branches. When three people woke up, they all laughed. Everyone thought the other two were laughing at each other. Suddenly, a shepherd stopped laughing. He guessed that his forehead was also blackened. How did he come up with it?

In ancient times, on the vast grassland of Ukraine, there were two villages not far apart-one called Truth Village and the other called Liecun Village. Residents of "Truth Village" tell the truth, while residents of "Lie Village" always tell lies. If one of us suddenly comes to one of these two ancient villages and is only allowed to ask the first local resident a question to find out which village he came to, how should this question be formulated?

These two short stories of wisdom are familiar to everyone. As far as I can remember, they appeared as interesting stories in primary school homework in winter and summer vacations forty years ago. I don't want to. Today, I read Suho's sixth suggestion, which turned out to be two exercises in his "Problem Set for Children with Distraction". Zi said in Sichuan that "the deceased is like a husband", which was a topic I contacted when I was a child, and I don't want to find the source of the problem after 40 years.

Why did Suho list the above two stories? It turns out that this suggestion is directed at "underachievers" by Suho. Su Huo believes that if learning is limited to reciting prescribed textbooks, "underachievers" will develop the bad habit of memorizing and their thinking will become more dull; Suho doesn't approve of making up lessons for students. On the contrary, he said, "the most effective means is to expand their reading range. These students must read as many books as possible; At the moment when the children were surprised and amazed, there seemed to be some powerful stimulus at work, awakening the brain and forcing it to strengthen its work. " I think this feature is consistent with the "second outline" he said before. The purpose of Suho is to enrich the ideological understanding of underachievers and expand their academic background through extracurricular reading and other sources of information. Suho's teaching method is not "supplementary" but "advanced", which is his first point of view on the teaching of underachievers. At the same time, Suho also put forward a second point of view on this basis. He said, "reading can teach him to think, and thinking will become a stimulus to stimulate intelligence." What is the purpose of reading? In my opinion, the purpose of reading is to think. Only by thinking can we understand and arouse the awakening of "underachievers" thinking. Just like this, on the basis of recommending "underachievers" to read books, Suho specially compiled problem sets for "underachievers" like Fei Jia, who can't even remember the known conditions of mathematics, so that he could read, develop his logical understanding, stimulate his thinking with interesting wisdom stories, and help him gradually build up his confidence in answering questions from easy to difficult.

It should be said that these two wisdom stories are not strictly mathematical topics, but logical analysis questions to develop students' thinking. Logical analysis is to learn to think and analyze under the background of known conditions, which is the most basic mathematical analysis. For example, the story of "The First Shepherd" is to make Fei Jia understand the truth that "he who laughs at others laughs at himself and knows himself clearly"; The second story of "the village of truth" and "the village of falsehood" is to let Fei Jia find the logical collision point between "truth" and "falsehood", such as asking, "Please tell me which way is the village where you live?" Because the villagers in Zhen Shi village will tell the truth and point out the way to Zhen Shi village; The villagers in Lie Village will definitely tell lies and point out the way to the truth village. It seems that the purpose of the story is to cultivate good logical thinking, and then lead him to analyze and think about the exercise conditions. After reading these, I feel Su Huo's good intentions in teaching underachievers, and once again realize the educational motto "Teaching is for not teaching". The "academic background" of Suho's second outline is really "human" and deserves to be called a master of "human studies"

Su Huo summed up his two views on the teaching of "underachievers". "I only teach them to read and think, and reading is like inducing thinking and arousing the awakening of thinking." I think "reading" induces thinking, and "awakening" means learning to think.

According to my understanding, there are three reasons why "underachievers" lag behind: First, they can't read with understanding. Su Huo has a basic requirement for children's reading, that is, they should think automatically while reading, so that students can summarize the reading content into basic points. The first reason for "underachievers" is that they cannot read with understanding. For example, Fei Jia just can't contact and analyze the conditions before and after the application of mathematics; Second, memorizing textbook knowledge by rote, not reading relevant knowledge in advance to expand the "knowledge background" and lacking random memory of relevant knowledge or phenomena; Third, I don't think about the reading content, only the perceptual knowledge on the surface of the material, and I don't deeply analyze the connection and causality between the front and back questions.

In view of the above three reasons, I suggest doing the following work well in the teaching process:

First, teach students to read and examine questions. Here I mean reading in a broad sense and a narrow sense. In a broad sense, reading refers to reading extracurricular knowledge and expanding students' "knowledge background", such as reading excellent traditional culture involved in Chinese, history and politics, learning historical knowledge and celebrity anecdotes in mathematics and physics, and even including students visiting museums, science and technology museums and ecological parks. It is also a "big reading" of history, science and technology and nature; In a narrow sense, reading refers to reading the knowledge of a certain subject. Teachers should teach students to read comprehensively. For example, examining questions is a good way to cultivate reading and thinking. The common steps of examining questions include: analyzing known conditions, grasping key words, looking for hidden conditions, marking graphic information, seeking causality, reasoning and analyzing ideas, and clarifying the conclusion of the problem. It can be seen that reading in a broad sense is the foundation, and reading in a narrow sense is the study of problems.

Second, teach students to observe migration. Observation is the first step for students to participate in learning. Teachers should teach students to observe and discover what things are purposefully, not only to see the surface of things, from the outside to the inside, but also to see the essence of things, to discover the laws of things, and at the same time to learn to change and transfer and analyze flexibly. Taking Chinese learning ancient poems as an example, we should not only appreciate the beauty of famous sayings and sentences, but also contact the author's writing environment and mood at that time, so as to profoundly grasp the original intention; Take the physics subject where I teach as an example. After learning the density knowledge, students refer to the density table and know that general substances have their own specific density. Teachers should also guide students to analyze the density of different substances with images, and of course, they should also use the analysis method of controlled variables. This kind of migration impressed students deeply.

Third, teach students to think and analyze. Thinking and analysis is the advanced stage of students' learning, and it is also the main symbol of learning to study independently and create themselves. "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous", which shows the importance of thinking. My understanding of thinking and analysis is more inclined to be expressed by the word "speculation", which is taken from "critical thinking" and is essentially "reflective thinking", just like "playing chess", so that my thinking and understanding will be more comprehensive. For example, in the inquiry experiment of physics and chemistry students, after reaching the conclusion, teachers should guide students to re-analyze the mistakes in the experiment, correct the mistakes in the experiment process, and properly expand the divergence problem, so that students can have a more comprehensive understanding of the experimental process and conclusions.

Generally speaking, teaching reading is the most basic method, teaching transfer is the most flexible method, and teaching thinking is the most independent method. Suho said, "I only teach them to read and think", which is simple to say, but keep doing it. Look at Fei Jia's problem set. We need perseverance.