Shao Zhengmao was a doctor in Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that Shao Zhengmao was eloquent, and he also set up a private school, which enrolled many students and even attracted Confucius' students. Confucius commented on Shao Zhengmao, saying that he combined five bad qualities and had the ability to mislead people into rebellion. Such people must be killed. Shao Zhengmao was finally killed by the "gentleman's punishment". Of course, Confucius' superficial view of Shao Zhengmao is like this, but there is actually a layer of meaning behind it. Many people suspect that Shao Zhengmao's death may be related to Confucius. What is the truth?

Confucius advocated propriety and righteousness all his life, and others rated him as gentle, courteous and frugal, but in the history books, he killed a man named Shao Zhengmao.

What kind of person is Shao Zhengmao? Why did Confucius kill him?

There is a widespread saying that Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao as a personal vendetta-Shao Zhengmao was also an educator and a private principal. When Confucius was teaching dried meat, Shao Zhengmao was also engaged in education. His teaching method was very unique, which attracted Confucius' disciples and made him a strong competitor. Even if Confucius wanted to recruit more students, he would be attracted by Shao Zhengmao's marketing methods again, resulting in three surpluses and three shortages (only Yan Hui never left). Confucius was left out in the cold and depressed, and he hated Shao Zhengmao more. When he finally became an official in Lu, he found an excuse to kill Shao Zhengmao.

This statement comes from Volume XVI of Lun Heng. Tan Rui said: "Shao Zhengmao is in Shandong, and he is one with Confucius. The door of Confucius, three surplus and three virtual, only YanYuan don't go ... "

Inseparable duo, Confucius and Yan Hui.

As soon as this statement came out, the image of Confucius was even more irreparable, and killing Shao Zhengmao became the biggest difficulty in his reputation.

Then, let's go back to the source and see how Confucius and Shao Zhengmao "happened" in the history books.

The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Rites are the first materials about Confucius, but Shao Zhengmao did not appear in these two ancient books, so Confucius could not have any contact with Shao Zhengmao at this time.

Secondly, look at historical records. Historical Records holds Confucius as a saint, while Confucius, the highest official, is only a "generation of Lu", and is listed as a "family" in Historical Records, which is equivalent to the status of a vassal handed down from generation to generation. It can be said that Sima Qian contributed to Confucius' "creation of saints" to a certain extent.

According to historical records, Shao Zhengmao appeared and Confucius did kill him.

Ding was fourteen years old, and Confucius was fifty-six. It was a happy occasion for a big scout to take pictures. The master said, "I am not afraid to hear the misfortune of a gentleman, but I am not happy with my own happiness." Confucius said, "Keep your word. Didn't you say, "I'm happy to treat you as a servant?" Therefore, Dr. Lu's confusion is getting less and less. With the news of the national government in March, the porridge lamb dolphin was decorated with Jia; Men and women walkers are different from painting; Don't pick up the remains; Guests from all directions who came to the city didn't want to have a division, so they all went home.

"Historical Records Confucius Family" said that Lu was fourteen years old and Confucius was fifty-six. This year, Confucius was promoted, from the director in charge of prison proceedings to the agent of the state.

Strictly speaking, Lu did not have the concept of "phase" at that time, but "quartering". At that time, the three-ring family of Lu was in power. It's Stuart, it's Sima, it's Zang, it's Scott. After Zang Sun Shi fell, Confucius became a shepherd. The concept of national phase is probably to learn from the systems of Jin and Qi.

Confucius was bent on becoming a person who has the right to speak at home and can stretch out his hand, and finally became an official, so Confucius showed a happy expression-"beaming."

Some people say that from this point, we can see that Confucius is really a villain, and he is still very happy to be a big official. Besides, isn't it that a gentleman doesn't love face?

Confucius' happiness is indeed to be a big official, but his work after being a big official is to show his political views and govern the country of Lu, not to crush people with the model of being a big official. A gentleman likes it and then laughs. What Confucius likes is that he can display his ambition and maintain order.

However, there are indeed some old-fashioned disciples who come to ask Confucius solemnly: Why do you show it when you are happy?

Confucius replied, "I'm glad I can do things for everyone." Next, Confucius began to do things-punish Dr. Lu for disorderly government, Shao Zhengmao.

According to historical records, Shao Zhengmao was a doctor of the State of Lu. He knew the law and broke the law, and the world was in chaos. As for how the chaos happened and what harm it caused, Historical Records was suddenly speechless. After killing Shao Zhengmao, Lu didn't stop making a fortune, but waited for Confucius to stay in charge of Lu for three months and did a series of excellent measures, which led to Lu's rectification.

Therefore, it can be said that killing Shao Zhengmao is the beginning of Lu governance, and Shao Zhengmao is a typical example. Being caught is similar to "using your head" to make an example.

No details can be found in historical records. Then, read another book that Confucius can't jump off-Confucius' Family Talk.

Confucius, like this, took pictures and his face lit up. Zhong You asked: "From smelling the misfortune of a gentleman to not being afraid, from being blessed to being unhappy, why is the master happy now?" Confucius said, "Of course there are words. In a few days,' I am happy to be a servant'? " So, on the seventh day of ruling, Shao Zhengmao, a chaotic doctor, was slaughtered under the two views and died on the third day of ruling.

In Confucius' family story, there is no difference between the front and the historical records. I'm glad that Confucius was promoted. The unknown "pedantic" disciple changed to Luz, and then Confucius explained why he was happy.

Then, Confucius began to kill people: on the seventh day of the dynasty, he slaughtered Shao Zhengmao, a chaotic government doctor, and was slaughtered under two views, and died on the third day.

Time, place, people, everything. Just seven days after his promotion, Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao, a disorderly doctor, under two high platforms in the imperial court. Not only that, the "cruel" Confucius also put Shao Zhengmao's body in the court for the monkeys to watch for three days, for example.

Perhaps the disciples thought that the teacher had gone too far, so they sent Zigong, the most eloquent student, to ask: "Shao Zhengmao is also a celebrity in Shandong. Would it be a bit wrong to kill him only a few days after you came to power? " Zi Gong asked politely.

Confucius explained, "Come, let me tell you why I killed him.". So Confucius connected the five evils in series, and Shao Zhengmao won each one, which was simply full of evil. If we don't kill him, the court will be unstable. Finally, Confucius also listed a bunch of representatives who killed people like himself. For example, Shang Tang is the holy king, and he killed Yin Xie; King Wen also killed Pan Zheng. Duke Zhou was a great saint. He also killed his younger brothers Guan Shu and Cai Shu. Jiang Taigong also killed a man named Shihua; Guan Zhong and Zi Chan, the ancient legacy of love, also killed people during their reign. It shows that killing is not a problem. If you want to govern the world well, the wicked will always be killed.

According to Confucius' family language, the problem is actually not big. Shao Zhengmao is a villain, and Confucius also explained why he was killed.

Xunzi also wrote this story, which is not much different from Confucius' family story. The only difference is that Xunzi Zuozuo said that Zi Chan not only killed a person, but also killed Deng, who always liked to take advantage of the law in Zheng State.

It is really unclear who recorded this passage earlier in Confucius' Family Tales and Xunzi. The completion date of The Biography of Confucius is uncertain, and Xunzi has supplementary contents from Xunzi and his disciples. So there is no guarantee who copied who.

Then there are books such as Lun Heng compiled by Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which continue to expand this matter and make up for the reason why Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao for a long time-they were old rivals of rural principals.

Then, let's systematically analyze the "historical materials" of this progressive barrier.

First of all, Zichan has never dealt with Deng at all. The real murderer of Deng was another aristocrat of Zheng, and he was very anxious. "I killed Deng, but I used his bamboo torture" and "Zuo Zhuan Ding Gong Nine Years".

Secondly, the cruelty of Confucius is also worth defending because it is not credible.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a famous etiquette of governing the country by courtesy, which was called "courtesy should not be against Shu Ren, and punishment should not be against the doctor". In other words, people at the doctor level are all nobles, and they are all proud. Even if they make a big mistake, they will not be tortured by those "knife and pencil collectors" The normal practice is to let them commit suicide, which is a dignified death. This point has been implemented throughout the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and can be used as an example.

Similarly, in Confucius' Family Tales, Confucius made a special explanation of "punishment is not as good as a doctor".

At that time, disciple Ran Qiu once asked Confucius, "Everyone said,' You can't punish the doctor or be polite to Shu Ren'. Will that doctor die if he breaks the law? Can Shu Ren be completely polite? "

Confucius said, "That's not true", and then explained why a criminal law should be established. What should a doctor do if he commits a felony-"If he commits a felony, he will bow to the north and commit suicide, so you won't let anyone bow to the north"-if he commits a felony, let him bow to the north and commit suicide, and the monarch won't send anyone to grab his neck.

Even sending someone to kill him is against the ceremony. Confucius, the defender of ceremony, specially explained the operation method of "treating a doctor without punishment", but fiercely killed Shao Zhengmao and "died for three days". Isn't this too contradictory?

Moreover, the pile of "celebrity murders" listed by Confucius after "killing" can't be found in formal history books except Zhou Gong and Cai. This is probably just a story made up by celebrities to prove that they are well-founded and convincing during the period of a hundred schools of thought contending.

If Confucius really killed Shao Zhengmao and did such an ugly operation, wouldn't other political opponents seize the opportunity to write a close-up and attack Confucius who came to power with "courtesy" as a "violation of etiquette"? You know, when Confucius made his debut in Lu, he became a big scout, but he crushed Zang Sun Shi, an old aristocrat in Lu, and he was an airborne figure. Later, Confucius brought those civilian disciples into the political situation of Lu in a way that crossed the class at that time, and arranged for them to be officials in the house of the Third Ring Road, occupying a lot of resources that originally belonged to other nobles. If he had dared to violate the convention, he would have been driven away by his latent political enemies.

In addition, Confucius' consistent code of conduct does not allow him to do such a thing. Accurately speaking, Confucius is not a person who likes to kill people, and he is by no means a person who will "shock" the ruling and opposition by killing people.

So there is evidence.

When Confucius was old, Ji Kangzi, the best patriarch of Ji Sun in the Sanhuan family, asked Confucius how to govern the country. Ji Kangzi has his own ideas, saying: "There is no way to kill, there is a way. What? " I want to kill a heartless man and make the country "righteous" How's it going?

Confucius replied, "If you are a politician, why did you kill him?" ? Children are better and people are better. Gentlemen are virtuous, villains are virtuous, and the wind on the grass will be suppressed. "

Where do you need to kill when you are in power? Just do good by yourself and guide the people to do good. A gentleman's code of conduct is like the wind, and ordinary people below it are like grass. How the wind blows and how the grass falls is not a matter of grass, but a matter of wind. So, you just need to be yourself.

Look, Confucius is opposed to the method of killing people by surprise.

Although Confucius has been "serving the rulers" all his life, his idea of governing the country has always been that leaders should do their best first, and then the people should follow suit. Because the people's code of conduct, just like children imitating adults, is completely based on the instructions of the leaders. The same group of ordinary people, born in the period of Yao and Shun, were obedient people, and born in the period of rebellion, they became people who raised flags to rebel. Where is this a problem for the people? It's the ruler's problem.

The so-called "ruling the country by politics and punishment" and "politicians" are also true. Zi Shuai is right, who dares to be wrong? " , the so-called "rule by virtue is like Beichen, living in its place and the stars are * * *" and so on. , is the concept of governance speech. Mainly in guiding, guiding, not killing.

Ji Kangzi's questioning politics is the best disproof that Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao.

Finally, talk about the murdered Shao Zhengmao.

Shao is an official, so Mao is his name. However, if you check the official positions in the Spring and Autumn Period, you will find that Lu did not have the post of "Shaozheng Mao", so there can be no such person as Shaozheng Mao. "Less government" is the official position of Zheng. For example, the famous one is Shaozheng, "Zheng people confronted Shaozheng Gongsun Qiao" and "Twenty-two years of Zuozhuan Xianggong".

Then imagine that the name Shao Zhengmao may have told the truth from the beginning-"Mao" and "Tong" are homophonic, and "Tong" means nothing, that is to say, Shao Zhengmao, there is no such person!

So, how was this non-existent person killed by Confucius?

He was born in the mouth of a hundred schools of thought contending and died in the mouth of the story-maker. Confucius, as a master of Confucianism, was inexplicably completely involved in it. In other words, most of the Confucius stories that a hundred schools of thought contend with are fabricated by them.