People's Daily Online, Beijing, September 17 (Reporter Ma Li) The 2014 Publicity and Education Report on the Construction of Scientific Ethics and Academic Style in Capital Universities was held in Beijing yesterday. The 93-year-old Academician Wu Liangyong of Tsinghua University spoke of "Aim high and practice it" "Making a thematic report on the topic.

The report meeting was jointly organized by the China Association for Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. This is the fourth consecutive year that this event has been held here.

The full text is as follows:

China has extensive and profound traditional scientific virtues. During the Warring States Period, Qi established the "Jixia Academy" in Linzi, where it was responsible for administering official etiquette, discussing political affairs, and writing books. It could be said to be an institution of higher learning and a cultural center at that time. It already contains the academic trend of academic contention and letting a hundred flowers bloom. In fact, scientific style has always been advocated in Chinese history. At present, the school mottos formulated by various schools are wise words in this regard. Of course, it is not uncommon to expose corruption in academic research, including in China and foreign countries, which shows that true understanding And practicing strict self-discipline is not easy.

More than 90% of the people here today are newly admitted graduate students. This is a new stage of your life. I sincerely hope that you can also reach a new realm in your thinking. I won't talk about big principles here today, because there are many articles in the "Compilation of Propaganda and Learning Materials for Scientific Morality and Academic Style Construction" that have explained some principles very clearly. Comrade Han Qide just made another very important speech. As an architect, I have been teaching at Tsinghua University for 68 years since 1946. I just want to discuss some of my experiences with my classmates.

First, ideals and determination. A person cannot live without ideals in his life. Determination is the driving force for continuous advancement in life. Want to think about what I want to do in this life? What do you want to do? What are your ambitions and interests? What major do you want to pursue? This must be considered when entering college from middle school, and further consideration is needed from college to graduate school. Aspirations are often not achieved overnight, but are enlightened and improved step by step along with the growth experience, what you see, hear and think. Of course, there will inevitably be a certain amount of contingency. The reason why I chose architecture as my life-long pursuit is closely related to my experience growing up as a teenager. I was born in Nanjing in 1922. At that time, there were internal and external troubles, wars were raging on the land of China, and suffering was severe. After the fall of Nanjing in 1937, I went into exile in Chongqing with my brother and continued my high school studies in Hechuan, Sichuan. I remember that on the afternoon of July 27, 1940, the day when the college entrance examination ended, Hechuan City was hit by a Japanese air raid. The fire burned until the rain began to subside in the early morning of the next day. That night, fire broke out in Hechuan City, and the sound of dogs barking sounded like crying. Dai Jinshen, my beloved former chief Chinese teacher at Suzhou Middle School, and his son were also killed. The pain of the war inspired my desire to rebuild my homeland. I finally decided to enter the Department of Architecture of Chongqing Central University, majoring in architecture. This was a beginning. As I grow up and understand the development of the country and society, I gradually deepen my understanding of the needs for the development of the construction industry, and my study and research on it continue to improve.

Second, choose. A person never knows how many crossroads he has to go through in his life. If he makes a wrong turn, it will be difficult to return to his past aspirations, so the choice of path is crucial. There are too many opportunities, changes, and even infinite contingency in life. The development of the country, economic and social changes, and even small problems in the family will lead people to change, and even change a person's destiny.

Looking back on my own experience, there have been several important crossroads: In 1948, I was recommended by Mr. Liang Sicheng to study at the Kuang Xi Academy of Art in the United States. After completing my studies in 1950, I responded to what Mr. Liang said in his letter: "New China is full of waste and is waiting to be reborn." " called, resisted all kinds of temptations, resolutely returned to China from Hong Kong, which was still occupied by the British, and was held hostage by the military and police, and devoted himself to the construction and education of New China, which was waiting to be revitalized. Thinking about it now, if he had stayed in the United States at that time, There would be no hard work and gains in the field of construction in China in the following decades. In 1983, when I turned 60, I retired from my administrative position as the director of the Department of Architecture at Tsinghua University. At that time, President Zhang Wei invited me to go to Shenzhen University to establish the Department of Architecture. I declined his kindness and persisted in establishing the Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies at Tsinghua University with a teaching assistant and half a room, a desk, and two stools. It has been 30 years now. Together with my comrades from the institute, I carried out a series of scientific research and practice on human settlement environment. If I had gone to Shenzhen at that time, my work later in life would have been completely different. I don’t know how many similar situations a person has to go through in his life. Looking back on the past, I found that the reason why I did not “turn in the wrong direction” in my self-examination is largely related to my early “determination”. I determined to study architecture and cities very early. Do something in the field, and make corresponding choices at different times based on realistic conditions.

Third, persist. The road of life cannot be smooth sailing. When encountering difficulties, should you persevere or retreat? As far as my personal experience is concerned, whether I am studying as a teenager or doing research and practice as an adult, I have to face difficulties and setbacks almost everywhere. Young people are easily affected by setbacks and become discouraged. Here I hope you can use the words of Mr. Zong Baihua to encourage you to "Don't be discouraged by difficulties, and don't be complacent with honors." This is what he wrote in "Xu Beihong and Xu Beihong" There is a famous saying in "Chinese Painting" that we must be determined and choose, and we must persevere without fear of difficulties on the chosen path.

Fourth, role model. Mentors and friends as a person grows up will have an important influence. I have been fortunate enough to receive guidance from good teachers at every stage of my studies, which is a great blessing in life. After I entered the Architecture Department of Central University in 1940, I studied under Bao Ding, Yang Tingbao, Liu Dunzhen, and Xu Zhong, who were pioneers in the field of architecture in my country. In 1946, I returned to Chongqing from the Yunnan Anti-Japanese War. Fortunately, I was appreciated by Mr. Liang Sicheng and was invited to participate in the collaborative work. During the establishment of the Department of Architecture, I received many words and deeds from Mr. Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin. In 1948, Mr. Liang recommended me to study in the United States, where I studied architecture and urban design under the world-famous architect Iril Saarinen, and I benefited a lot. In addition to all the "good teachers", there are also many "beneficial friends" who serve as role models. The mathematician Feng Kang is famous for originating the finite element method independently of Western systems. In the early 1940s, he and I studied at Chongqing Central University. In 1946, he returned to Tsinghua University to teach. He was originally in the Department of Electrical Engineering, and then transferred to another school. Physics, and discovered that I was interested in mathematics and transferred to the Department of Mathematics. I can’t talk about mathematics, but I can talk about my understanding of him from other aspects of life. Feng Kang once loved music and borrowed books on classical music from the library to read them one by one. This reflected his in-depth and extensive scientific spirit even in his spare time. He became increasingly knowledgeable in all aspects and eventually became the "finite element" method. One of the founders has gained international attention. Botanist Wu Zhengyi is the winner of the country’s highest science and technology award in 2007. I met him in the Tsinghua University Gardens in the 1940s. At that time, we lived in the same G-shaped hall and faced each other through windows in the courtyard. At that time, he was publicly identified as a member of the Democratic League. At the commemoration meeting of Tsinghua University commemorating the first anniversary of Wen Yiduo's murder in 1946, he criticized the current situation. Later, I participated in the work of the "Teaching Federation" and had many contacts with him. Understand the current situation. Wu Zhengyi was actually the leader of the Tsinghua student movement at the time. He later went to the liberated areas. On the eve of liberation, he represented the party organization to take over Tsinghua University and participated in the preparations for the Chinese Academy of Sciences. If he continues to do these tasks, he can become an excellent leader. , but he chose to return to Kunming, continue to engage in botanical research, and edited authoritative works such as "Fora of China". Throughout his life, he participated in the revolutionary movement, and finally returned to his academic ambitions and achieved great success. Achievement. They have inspired me spiritually in their studies, as people, and in their work, and I still admire them endlessly. There are many more “beneficial friends” in the architecture and planning professions, so I won’t list them here.

The above mainly talks about the importance of good teachers and helpful friends. Regarding the teacher-student relationship, I have been teaching for many years and have some personal experience.

Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory" says: "A teacher is the one who preaches, teaches and resolves doubts." This is the most basic responsibility of a teacher. At the same time, he also has two sentences that may not attract too much attention, that is, students can surpass teachers, "Disciples do not have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers do not have to be better than students." These two sentences are very important to both teachers and students. When students first enter school At that time, teachers can play a larger role in enlightenment, guidance and guidance. After a few years, students' academic abilities will continue to develop, and the relationship will not only be between teachers and students, but also as comrades and colleagues in academic careers. Taking my own experience as an example, one thing is worth mentioning. In 1999, the 20th World Congress of Architects of the International Institute of Architects was held in Beijing. I was appointed as the chairman of the scientific committee of the conference and was responsible for drafting conference documents. This task was rushed. It fell on me. Time was tight and I had other tasks. Among my assistants, there was only one doctoral student with a background in geography who could help. The working situation at that time was: I would give him the manuscript I wrote in the evening every morning, and he would leave it to him during the day. After sorting it out, he handed it to me again in the evening. I continued to work on the manuscript late at night, and so on, and finally formed the "Beijing Declaration". This document was unanimously adopted by the Advisory Committee and was considered to be beyond the "Declaration", so it was designated as the "Beijing Declaration". Beijing Charter", which is also the only charter adopted by the International Construction Association since its establishment in 1948. It shows that teachers and students work together on major topics, learn from each other in teaching, become close friends on the same front, and promote academic development. This doctoral student who assisted me has now become a professor at Tsinghua University and the deputy director of the Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies.

Fifth, enlightenment. Looking back on decades of academic life, I deeply realize that innovation in scientific theory is not achieved overnight, but always remains sensitive to new things, constantly pays attention to practical problems and academic development, and carries out knowledge accumulation, comparative research, and reference for inspiration. , gradually "fermented" and gained enlightenment. I have the following epiphanies on my academic path that I can share with my classmates.

Epiphany 1: Architecture must become a science. In the 1940s, I was studying during the war, and I first entered the door of architecture and was enlightened in academic thinking. In 1948, he went to the United States to study and was exposed to advanced Western academic ideas. He returned to China in 1950 and devoted himself to the urban and rural construction of New China, participating in major projects such as the planning and design of Chang'an Street, the planning and design of the expansion of Tiananmen Square, and the planning and design of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. During this period, there were many confusions due to changes in institutional changes, political economy and other situations. After the Cultural Revolution, I once again devoted myself to work in the field of architecture with passion, hoping to break through the fog of confusion and find the direction of architecture. In 1981, I participated in the first national conference of academicians after the Cultural Revolution and realized that, on the one hand, the academic responsibilities on my shoulders have increased, and on the other hand, the architectural profession must develop scientifically, otherwise it will be difficult to adapt to the requirements of the situation.

Epiphany 2: Starting from "architecture in a broad sense", moving from the world of architecture to the world. Through the study of interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge, the investigation of ancient human settlement sites, etc., I realized that architecture cannot just refer to houses, but needs to touch its essence, that is, settlements, which means that architecture must expand from simple houses to People and society should expand from buildings made of pure materials to social structures. Therefore, "generalized architecture" was proposed. The work was translated into Italian and English this year.

Epiphany 3: The pursuit of "human settlement science", orderly space and livable environment. After "architecture in the broad sense", I am still exploring from all aspects, hoping to gain new insights. Based on various explorations of the expansion of traditional architecture with the times and research on various foreign urban planning theories, I gradually understand that we cannot It is only limited to one subject, but should explore research as a whole from the perspective of subject groups. It is necessary to pursue a new subject system that is not limited to the past. In 1993, "human settlement environment science" was first proposed. Human settlement environment science explores how to scientifically study Use space to achieve the coordinated order of space and its organization, that is, ordered space. The science of human settlement environment always puts people at the core. People should live and work in peace and contentment in space. Space planning and design at all levels serve people's lives and aim to create a beautiful environment suitable for social life and production, that is, a livable environment.

Epiphany 4: The science of human settlements involves many academic fields and must move toward the integration of science, humanities, and art. The global economic crisis, social unrest, climate change and other issues continue to emerge, all of which promote the science of human settlements to become a big science, which is a very promising science. It will move towards big science, big humanities, and big art.

Science - the research and application of technologies such as green buildings, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc.; Humanities - the integration of social sciences, care for the middle and lower classes of society, etc.; Art - the appreciation of beauty and the creation of art centered on human life wait. In early September this year, I held an exhibition titled "Human Living Art Environment" at the National Art Museum of China. I exhibited my calligraphy, architecture, paintings, sketches and other works. I further realized the living environment we lived in in the past. The appreciation of beauty and artistic creation centered on human life contains rich, substantial and far-reaching artistic realms, from the natural environment to the humanistic environment, from individual lives to the operation of society, it is all-encompassing and inclusive. Everywhere, this has gone beyond the parallel study of architecture and art that I have pursued since the 1940s. Various art categories are based on life, blending and refracting each other, focusing on the human settlement environment. In a certain category, there are Unique insights can be created and expanded accordingly in the construction of human settlements. This can be said to be a new field of human settlement scientific research, in which there is still broad space for us to explore and discover.

Because the things in architectural design are too complex, as an architect, the above are some of my insights based on my own academic life experience. It is also difficult for me to explain the theme of today’s conference in my own professional field. clear. The students here all come from different disciplines, but they should all be concerned about the changes in academic thinking in many aspects, complement each other and expand their knowledge, so as to understand the development and needs of the times. For example, the mathematician Feng Kang I mentioned above has dabbled in and integrated research into many aspects, and the botanist Wu Zhengyi is both concerned about national politics and focused on academic research. They are all role models for young people to learn from.

For young scholars, I think it is not difficult to understand scientific morality and scientific ethics rationally. The key lies in practicing it. Nowadays, public opinion on the construction of scientific ethics and academic style is common in all aspects of public opinion, and there are many related books and articles. However, what is sad is that academic misconduct and academic corruption still occur from time to time. These people may not be right. Scientific ethics does not understand, but does not effectively implement it into one's mind and actions. Therefore, what I want to emphasize is that you must have high aspirations and practice it, and transform the classic philosophy into your own action guide and general principles of behavior. Only in this way can you slowly internalize it into your own spiritual wealth, and it will gradually become your own. Deepen your understanding during the epiphany, continue to strengthen your faith, and keep moving forward.

Now, although I am over ninety years old, I still stick to my position as a teacher, and I still require myself to face the future with a positive mental outlook. As I get older, some things must be difficult due to physical strength. I can’t do it because I can’t wait, but I still feel that we are facing a big era now, and the future will have unlimited vitality and passion. I must push myself to do my best to continuously explore the vast new academic world and build a beautiful homeland and a beautiful China. I am willing to encourage young scholars together! Let us strive to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!