1. One piece each for in-class reading, extra-curricular reading, and extra-curricular classical Chinese reading. Please write questions below.

1. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete questions 1-5.

Zheng Junzhongbian of Puyang had a rash on the thumb of his left hand, which was raised and millet. If you are suspicious, you will show it to others, and they will laugh, thinking that there is no need to worry. In three days, they gathered together like money. The sorrow is so severe that it shows to others that the smile remains the same as before. On the next three days, the thumb became swollen, and all the fingers near the thumb felt painful, and all the limbs and heart were sick. He was afraid and consulted doctors. The doctor looked at it and said in shock: "This disease is strange. Although the disease is in the finger, it is actually a whole-body disease. It cannot be cured quickly and can harm the body. However, when it first occurs, it can be cured in a day; three In a few days, it can be cured; now that the disease is complete, it is no longer a disease that cannot be healed in three months. ③ It will heal in a day, and it can be cured by moxibustion. Otherwise, it will be an arm's length worry. If you don't control it internally, it will not stop; if you don't treat it externally, the disease will not be easy to treat." You follow his words and take the decoction every day, and use good medicine. , and then the symptoms will appear in February, and then the complexion will return in March.

Yu Yin is thinking about this: things in the world often occur at the smallest level, but eventually become a major disaster; at first it is thought that it is not enough to cure, but in the end it is impossible to do anything. When it is easy, cherish the strength of the day and night, and ignore it suddenly; when it is done, it is accumulated over time and tired of thinking, but only overcomes it. Many people say this. (Fang Xiaoru's "Metaphor")

Note ① Grip: four inches is one grip. ②膂(l—): spine. ③瞳(ch?u): recovery from illness. ④Hepatic diaphragm: generally refers to the internal organs of the human body. ⑤Fu: Tu.

1. Two of the incorrect interpretations of the dotted words in the following sentences are ( )

a. Fear and seek medical advice (planning)

b. It will even extend to the liver and diaphragm (spread)

c. The disease is not easy to cure (transform)

d. After years of accumulation, fatigue and thinking, but only overcome it (Eliminate)

2. The two items with the same meaning of the dotted words in the following sentences are ( )

a. Take the decoction every day, and use the good medicine and drink it with a ladle to drain it.

b. If not cured quickly, it can cause serious harm to the body. Beishan Yugong is over ninety years old.

c. Although the disease is in the fingers, in fact, the disease is the same as the whole body, even though a person has hundreds of hands. There are hundreds of fingers at the beginning

d. He gets better and better day by day, and Ai Kezhi is also a soldier of the three Jin Dynasties. He is strong and brave but light and uniform

3. The dotted "zhi" in the following sentences, One of the incorrect explanations is ( )

a. The worry is serious and shows it to others (referring to "thumb disease")

b. Yu Yin is thinking about it (referring to "The reason why")

c. cherish the strength of the day and ignore it (referring to "various diseases")

d. accumulate years, tired of thinking, and just To overcome (referring to "disaster")

4. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese.

① If you are suspicious, you will show it to others, and they will laugh, thinking that there is no danger.

② At first it was thought that it was not enough to cure, but in the end it was impossible to do anything.

5. What is the purpose of this article about Zheng Jun’s treatment of thumb disease? Please answer briefly in your own words.

1.ac (4 points, 2 points each) 2.ab (4 points, 2 points each) 3.c (3 points)

4. ① Zheng Jun is not sure What it is, show it to someone else, and the person who sees it laughs and thinks it's not worth worrying about.

② At first it is considered not worth remediating, and eventually it becomes impossible to remediate. (6 points, 3 points each. Any errors will be deducted)

5. Things in the world often start in very small places, but without attention, they may lead to irreparable disasters. (3 points. The meaning is consistent) 2. The PEP version of junior high school classical Chinese comparative reading requires that both articles come from the class

(1) Excerpts from "The Story of the Nuclear Boat" and "Float Skills"

(A) There are three people sitting on the bow of the boat. In the middle, the one with the crown of E and many beards is Dongpo, Foyin is on the right, and Lu Zhi is on the left. Su and Huang *** read the first-hand scroll.

,. Lu Zhi held the end of the scroll in his left hand and fingered the scroll with his right hand, as if he had something to say. Dongpo's right foot is shown, and Lu Zhi's left foot is shown, each slightly sideways, with the two knees facing each other hidden in the folds of the clothes at the bottom. The Buddha's seal is very similar to Maitreya's, with his breasts exposed, his head raised and his eyes raised, his expression is not that of Su and Huang. He lay down on his right knee, crouched his right arm to support a boat, and raised his left knee, hanging a rosary on his left arm and leaning against it - the number of beads can come out clearly.

(B) Suddenly one person shouted "fire", the husband shouted loudly, and the woman also shouted loudly. The two children cried together. Hundreds of thousands of people shouted loudly, hundreds of thousands of children cried, and hundreds of thousands of dogs barked. In the middle, there are the sounds of pulling and collapsing, the sound of fire, the whistling wind, and the sounds of hundreds and thousands of people shouting for help; the sounds of hundreds and thousands of people asking for help, the sound of pulling the house, the sound of snatching, and the sound of splashing water. Everything you need is there. Although a person has hundreds of hands and hundreds of fingers, he cannot point to one end; a person has hundreds of mouths and his mouth has hundreds of tongues, so he cannot name one of them. So the guests all turned pale and left the table, stretched out their sleeves and arms, and almost wanted to leave first.

1. Complete the blank text in paragraph A.

2. Add some explanations of the words below. The incorrect one is ()

A. The sound of collapse in the middle: mixed B. Dongpo's right foot appears: Performance.

C. The two knees are compared: next to each other. D. The Buddha seal is extremely similar to Maitreya: extremely, very.

3. The following group of words with the same meaning and usage is ()

A. The look does not belong to that of Su and Huang, so I can write it down (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower") 》)

B. The two strands are fighting, and they almost want to kill them first and then cut off their strands (Pu Songling's "Wolf")

C. There is no place to be named. High, if there is an immortal, it is named (Liu Yuxi's "The Inscription of the Humble Room")

D. There was a sound of collapse in the middle, and then I knew that I had not started swimming towards it, so I started swimming (Liu Zongyuan's "Shide Xishan Banquet Travel Notes") )

4. Find the sentence about Foyin’s unique expression in article (A), then translate this sentence in modern Chinese, and talk about what characteristics this sentence highlights.

(1) The sentence about Foyin’s unique demeanor is:

(2) Translation:

(3) The above sentence highlights his characteristics.

5. (B) The paragraph describes the strong reaction of the audience from three aspects: Cong, and psychology, which highlights the "goodness" of ventriloquism performance.

6. The ventriloquism and miniature carving mentioned in the selected article are both folk skills. Apart from that, what other folk arts do you like? Choose one and explain why you like it. 3. In-class reading of the second volume of the sixth grade Chinese language class

1. The gust of wind blew out the candles, and the moonlight filtered into the window. Everything in the hut seemed to be covered with silver gauze, making it look particularly clear ( ).

Beethoven looked at the brother and sister standing beside him, and pressed the keys under the moonlight ( ). The shoemaker listened quietly.

He seemed to be facing the sea, and the moon was rising from ( ). The surface of the sea ( ) was filled with silver light in an instant.

The moon rises higher and higher, passing through ( ) the veil-like clouds. Suddenly, strong winds blew on the sea and huge waves rolled up.

The waves, illuminated by the moon, rushed towards the shore one after another... The shoemaker looked at his sister, the moonlight was shining on her ( ) face, and her wide-open eyes Eye. She seemed to have seen it, and saw a scene she had never seen before, the sea ( ) illuminated by the moonlight.

1. Fill in the blanks according to the original text. 2. The following is a poem that is not a metaphor ( ) ① The moonlight shines through the window, and everything in the hut seems to be covered with silver gauze ② The moon rises higher and higher, passing through the gauze-like clouds.

③ She seemed to have seen it, and saw a scene she had never seen before. 3. Use "__" to draw real things in the text, and use "~~" to draw out the associative content. 4. The shoemaker's first association painted three pictures, they are (1) (2) (3) 5. Why is it said that the blind girl "seemed" to see scenes she had never seen before? 6. With the help of the shoemaker's association, I seemed to hear Beethoven's "Moonlight": sometimes, sometimes, sometimes.

7. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of the second natural paragraph of the selection. 2. Boya is good at playing the drum and harp, and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening.

Bo Ya played the harp and played the harp, aiming at high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as Mount Tai!" His goal was on flowing water. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as a river!" Whatever Ya wants, Zhong Ziqi will definitely get it. When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world. He would break the strings of his harp and never play the drum again for the rest of his life.

1. "Good" appears several times in the text. Think about the difference in meaning between the following two words. Boya was good at playing the drum and harp, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening.

Zhong Ziqi said: That's good 2. The meaning of "ruo" in the article is . This meaning is still used in some words until now, such as: there is no one around.

Can you give a few more examples? 3. Answer the questions in the original text: (1) Write down the sentences that specifically explain the meaning of "Bo Ya Jue Xian" (2) Which sentence shows that Zhong Ziqi is Bo Ya's close friend? 4. Explain classical Chinese words: Jue: Drum: E'e: Yangyang: Must get it: Nai: Fu: Zai: 5. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (1) Boya plays the harp and aims at the high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as high as Mount Tai!" (2) After Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world, and that the strings of the harp would be broken and he would never die. Repeat the drum.

6. It is said that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi were people of the time. The legend that they became bosom friends is recorded in ancient books such as "" and "" and is also spread among the people. The novelist of the Ming Dynasty ( ) wrote "Yu Boya Throws His Qin to Thank His Bosom friend" based on this legend.

Because of this legend, people call people who really understand themselves, using the metaphor of mountains and flowing water. 3. Reading practice ① It is easy to recognize the old man among the crowd feeding seagulls. He was already hunched over, wearing a faded and outdated cloth coat, and carrying a faded blue cloth bag. Even the large plastic bag containing bird feed was faded.

A friend told me that this old man walked more than 20 miles every day from the suburbs of the city to Green Lake, just to deliver meals to the seagulls and stay with them. ② The place with few people is his territory to feed the seagulls.

The old man carefully placed the biscuit cubes on the fence by the lake, took a step back, raised his beak and called to the seagulls. Immediately a group of seagulls came in response and swept it clean in a few strokes.

The old man walked along the railing and let the seagulls rise and fall according to his rhythm, forming a flying white sheet and flying into a colorful musical score. 1. These two paragraphs are from the text 2. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph is a description of the old man. From this description, we can understand that this is an old man.

3. Use “﹏﹏” to draw out the sentence in the second paragraph describing the old man feeding the seagulls, and write about what you experienced from it? 4. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of the second natural paragraph. 5. The underlined sentence in the second natural paragraph uses rhetorical methods, and we can realize from it (2) After hearing the news, we seemed to see the old man and the seagulls accompanying each other by the green lake again. We enlarged the photo of the old man feeding the seagulls for the last time and brought it to the An unexpected thing happened by the green lake. A group of seagulls suddenly flew in and circled around the old man's portrait. Their chirping and posture were very different from usual, as if something big had happened. We were very surprised and hurriedly backed away from the old man's photo. Make way for the seagulls 1. Add punctuation marks to the original text.

2. “Hearing this news”, what does this news mean? 4. What does “unexpected” mean? What unexpected thing happened? Why does this happen? 5. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of this passage. 6. From the description of this passage, you can feel the seagull's feelings for the old man.

4. Read the excerpt from "The Poor" and answer the questions. Sanna wrapped the sleeping children in a scarf and took them home.

Her heart was beating very fast. She didn’t know why she did this, but she felt that she had to do it. She put the two sleeping children on the bed, let them sleep with her own children, and quickly closed the curtain.

Sanna looked pale and looked excited.

She thought uneasily: "What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children have been enough for him... Is he coming?... No, not yet!... Why? Are they coming here? ... He will beat me! I deserve it. Well, just beat me up!" The door creaked, as if someone had come in.

Sanna was startled and stood up from the chair. "No, no one. God, why did I do this? What should I say to him now?" Sanna pondered, sitting in front of the bed for a long time.

1. Please add appropriate punctuation marks on . 2. (1) In the text, the word "Bao" for "诶" should be looked up using the phonetic sequence method, and the word should be looked up using the radical method.

(2) The meaning of "safe" in "uneasy" is: A safety; B installation; C stability. It should be taken as ( ) in the text.

3. Find the synonyms of the following words in the passage. Reap the consequences ( ) Feel uneasy ( ) 4. What do you think this passage is mainly about? What thoughts and feelings does the author express? 5. Find the one in this passage that best describes Sanna’s relationship with Simon. 4. A new version of the Chinese in-class reading for the second volume of the sixth grade

1. The gust of wind blew out the candles, the moonlight shone into the window, and everything in the hut seemed to be covered with silver gauze, looking particularly clear ( ) .

Beethoven looked at the brother and sister standing beside him, and pressed the keys under the moonlight ( ). The shoemaker listened quietly.

He seemed to be facing the sea, and the moon was rising from ( ). The surface of the sea ( ) was filled with silver light in an instant.

The moon rises higher and higher, passing through ( ) the veil-like clouds. Suddenly, strong winds blew on the sea and huge waves rolled up.

The waves, illuminated by the moonlight, rushed toward the shore one after another... The shoemaker looked at his sister, the moonlight was shining on her ( ) face, and her wide-open eyes Eye. She seemed to have seen it, and saw a scene she had never seen before, the sea ( ) illuminated by the moonlight.

1. Fill in the blanks according to the original text. 2. The following is a poem that is not a metaphor ( ) ① The moonlight shines through the window, and everything in the hut seems to be covered with silver gauze ② The moon rises higher and higher, passing through the gauze-like clouds.

③ She seemed to have seen it, and saw a scene she had never seen before. 3. Use "__" to draw real things in the text, and use "~~" to draw out the associative content. 4. The shoemaker's first association painted three pictures, they are (1) (2) (3) 5. Why is it said that the blind girl "seemed" to see scenes she had never seen before? 6. With the help of the shoemaker's association, I seemed to hear Beethoven's "Moonlight": sometimes, sometimes, sometimes.

7. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of the second natural paragraph of the selection. 2. Boya is good at drums and harp, and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening.

Bo Ya played the harp and played the harp, aiming at high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as high as Mount Tai!" His goal was on flowing water. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is. It's as tall as a river!" Whatever Ya wants, Zhong Ziqi will definitely get it. When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world. He would break the strings of his harp and never play the drum again for the rest of his life.

1. "Good" appears several times in the text. Think about the difference in meaning between the following two words. Boya was good at playing the harp, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening.

Zhong Ziqi said: Good 2. The meaning of "ruo" in the article is . This meaning is still used in some words until now, such as: there is no one around.

Can you give some more examples? 3. Answer the questions in the original text: (1) Write down the sentences that specifically explain the meaning of "Bo Ya Jue Xian" (2) Which sentence shows that Zhong Ziqi is Bo Ya's close friend? 4. Explain the classical Chinese words: Jue: Gu: E'e: Yangyang: Must get it: Nai: Fu: Zai: 5. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (1) Boya plays the harp and aims at high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as high as Mount Tai!" (2) When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world, and the strings of the harp would be broken and he would never be able to play again. Repeat the drum.

6. It is said that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi were people of the time. The legend that they became bosom friends is recorded in ancient books such as "" and "" and is also spread among the people. The novelist of the Ming Dynasty ( ) wrote "Yu Boya Throws His Qin to Thank His Bosom friend" based on this legend.

Because of this legend, people call people who really understand themselves, using the metaphor of mountains and flowing water. 3. Reading practice ① It is easy to recognize the old man among the crowd feeding seagulls. He was already hunched over, wearing a faded and outdated cloth coat, and carrying a faded blue cloth bag. Even the large plastic bag containing bird feed was faded.

A friend told me that this old man walked more than 20 miles every day from the suburbs of the city to Cuihu Lake just to deliver meals to the seagulls and stay with them. ② The place with few people is his territory to feed the seagulls.

The old man carefully placed the biscuit cubes on the fence by the lake, took a step back, raised his beak and called to the seagulls. Immediately a group of seagulls came in response and swept it clean in a few strokes.

The old man walked along the railing and let the seagulls rise and fall according to his rhythm, forming a flying white sheet and flying into a colorful musical score. 1.

These two paragraphs are from Text 2. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph is a description of the old man. From this description, we can understand that this is an old man.

3. Use “﹏﹏” to draw out the sentence in the second paragraph describing the old man feeding the seagulls, and write about what you experienced from it? 4. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of the second natural paragraph.

5. The underlined sentence in the second natural paragraph uses rhetorical methods, and we can realize from it (2) After hearing the news, we seemed to see the old man and the seagulls accompanying each other by the green lake again. We gave the old man one last time The photo of feeding seagulls was enlarged and brought to the edge of Green Lake. An unexpected thing happened. A group of seagulls suddenly flew in and circled around the portrait of the old man. They chirped and their postures were very different from usual. It seemed that something big had happened. We were very surprised and hurried. Step away from the old man's photo to make way for the seagulls. 1. Add punctuation marks to the original text. 2. “Hearing this news”, what does this news refer to? 4. What does "unexpected" mean? What unexpected thing happened? Why does this happen? 5. Use concise language to summarize the meaning of this passage.

6. From the description of this passage, you can feel the seagull’s feelings for the old man. 4. Read the excerpt from "The Poor" and answer the questions.

Sanna wrapped the sleeping children in a scarf and took them home. Her heart was beating very fast. She didn't know why she did this, but she felt she had to do it.

She put the two sleeping children on the bed, let them sleep with her own children, and quickly closed the curtain. Sanna's face was pale and she looked excited.

She thought uneasily: "What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children have been enough for him...Is he here?...No, still Not here! ... Why did you bring them here? ... He would have beaten me! I deserve it. Well, just give me a beating!" The door creaked, as if someone had come in. Sanna was startled and stood up from the chair.

"No, no one. God, why did I do this? What should I say to him now?" Sanna pondered, sitting in front of the bed for a long time. 1. Please add appropriate punctuation marks on .

2. (1) In the text, the word "Bao" for "诶" should be looked up using the phonetic sequence method and the radical part should be looked up using the radical method. (2) The meaning of "safe" in "uneasy" is: A. safety; B. installation; C. stability.

should be taken as ( ) in the text. 3. Find the synonyms of the following words in the passage.

Reap the consequences ( ) Feel uneasy ( ) 4. What do you think the main point of this passage is? What thoughts and feelings does the author express? 5. Find the one in this passage that best describes Sanna taking back the two orphans Simon.

5. Answers to two readings of classical Chinese texts

(5) Read the following selected passages from classical Chinese texts and complete questions 25-29.

(14 points) King Jia said: "Good." Then he ordered: "Those ministers and officials who can criticize others for their mistakes will receive a high reward; those who write a letter to admonish others will receive a medium reward; those who can slander and ridicule In the market court, anyone who hears about it will be rewarded. "

At the beginning of the order, the officials came to admonish, and the court was like a market; after a few months, they came from time to time; after several years, although they wanted to speak, No one can enter. Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei heard about it and all came to Qi.

This is called victory over the imperial court. (Excerpt from "Warring States Policy") Yi (Tang Dynasty) Taizong said to his courtier: "In the past, when the capital was first leveled, the beauties in the palace were treasured, and no court was dissatisfied.

Emperor Yang's ideas were not enough, and he asked for help. I have witnessed the conquests in the east and west, and the brutal warfare on the people, which has led to their destruction.

Therefore, I have been working hard all day and night, just to keep the world quiet. The harvest will be abundant, and the people will be happy.

Managing a country is like planting a tree whose roots are not shaken but its branches are flourishing. If the king is pure, how can the people not be happy? "Excerpt from "Zhenguan Zhengyao") Notes ①Courtier: The ministers around you.

② Capital: the capital. This refers to Daxing, the capital of the Sui Dynasty (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi).

③Yangdi: refers to Yang Guang, the last emperor of the Sui Dynasty. ④ Zizi: looking diligent.

⑤稔 (rěn): good harvest. 25. Choose one of the following misunderstandings of the function words in classical Chinese () (2 points) A. Although I want to speak (although), they are all in alignment (to) B. The meaning is not enough (yet), which leads to destruction (so) ) C. Why can’t the people be unhappy (how), so they gave the order (so) D. Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei Wenzhi (pronoun, for this matter) Those who can confront others with their faults (particle, of) 25.A 26. Choose one of the following classical Chinese words that you have a misunderstanding of () (2 points) A. The gates and courtyards are as lively as a market, meaning there are many people) B. Nian Gu Feng Ren (grain harvest) C. Face tattoos Idiot (accused me face to face) D. Militant (exerting all the troops to show off force) 26.D 27. Use / to complete the sentence below in two places.

(2 points) Governing a country is like planting a tree, its roots will not shake but its branches and leaves will flourish. 27. Ruling a country is like planting a tree. If the roots are not shaken, the branches and leaves will flourish.

28. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (4 points) (1) Those who can slander and ridicule the city and court and hear it in the ears of few people will be rewarded.

____________________ (2) Therefore, I work hard day and night, just to be pure and make the world peaceful. ____________________ 28. (1) Those who can criticize and discuss my faults in public places and let me hear them can get lower rewards.

(2) Therefore, I work tirelessly from morning to night, just hoping to be quiet and make the world safe. 29. The reason why Qi State "defeated the imperial court" in Article A is (2 points). In Article B, Taizong's way of governing the country is (expressed in his own words).

(2 points) 29. A is open to the public and cultivates clear politics (or: good at accepting advice) B governs the country based on the people's ability and allows the people to live and work in peace and contentment. 6. Read the two short passages in the class and complete the following question A

1.

(1) Leave (2) Cai (3) Pass "Yue" and be happy (4) Be honest 2. A3.

Slightly 1. Analysis of test questions: The words that require explanation are generally common content words, pseudo-characters, polysemy, ancient and modern synonyms, conjugation of parts of speech, etc. They are often the focus of the proposition, and of course should also be the focus of students' preparation for the test.

For example: "Shuo" is a false word phenomenon, and "Yue" is a happy word. Test point: Understand the meaning of common classical Chinese content words in the text.

The ability level is Understanding B. 2.

Analysis of test questions: A Both represent "turning"; B: substitute for person/substitute for thing; C: rely on/come; D: replace/become Test point: Understand the meaning of common classical Chinese function words in the text. The ability level is understanding B.

3. Test question analysis: There are often some key words in the sentences that require translation. These words are often content words. They affect the meaning of the sentence. Of course, these key words become the "points" when the teacher marks the paper.

So we are back to "word explanation". This is called "splitting", and then "integrating" these "split" words into a sentence.

Integration is not a simple addition, the integrated sentences must be smooth and smooth. In order to make the sentence smooth and smooth, we can fill in the omitted parts, and even add some auxiliary words to make the sentence more reasonable and smooth; sometimes we encounter some special sentence patterns. The word order of these classical Chinese sentences is different from that of modern Chinese. When translating, they should be adjusted into the word order of modern Chinese.

For example: key words such as "faith, etiquette" must be understood accurately. Test point: Understand or translate sentences in the text.

The ability level is Understanding B. 7. Two after-class exercises in classical Chinese

(1) Let Yi Qiu teach the two of them how to play Go (2) I want to draw the bow and shoot the swan down (3) Is it because he is not as smart as the previous one? "Two Children Debating the Sun" Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing and asked why.

2. Yi'er said: "I think that when the sun starts to rise, people are close, but when the sun is at noon, people are far away." 3. Yi'er says that when the sun is at the beginning of the day, people are far away, but when the sun is at noon, people are close.

4. One son said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at the middle of the day, it is like a pan. Isn't this small if it is far away, but big if it is close?" 5. One son said: " It's cool in Cangcang at the beginning of the day, and it's like a hot spring in the middle of the day. Isn't it hot when you're near, and cool when you're far away?" 6. Confucius couldn't decide. The two children laughed and said, "Who knows more about you?" Bidian: Debate, argue.

Therefore: reason, reason. To: think, think.

Go to: distance. Midday: noon.

And: to. Then: Just.

For: Yes. Cangcang Liangliang: The weather is cool and dark.

Exploring the soup: Put your hand into the hot water. Jue: decision, judgment.

Who: Who. Ru: You.

Translation Confucius was traveling to the vassal states by car to study. When he passed a village, he saw two cowherd boys arguing over something with red faces. Confucius asked them the reason for their dispute.

A little boy said: "I think the sun is close to people when it first rises, and far away from people at noon." Another child thought that the sun was far away from people when it first rose, and The sun travels far away and is close to people at noon.

A little boy said: "When the sun first rises, it looks like a round hood. At noon, it looks like a pan. Isn't this how small it is when it is far away and how big it is when it is close? " Another little boy said: "When the sun first comes out, it feels cool and cool. At noon, it feels as hot as putting your hand in hot water. Isn't this how hot it is when it's close and cool when it's far away? I thought about it for a long time and couldn't decide.

The two little boys were very happy and said: "Everyone says that you are a knowledgeable scholar who knows everything, but you can't even answer our children's questions. What is going on?" The reason is that it is not correct to explain the distance between the ground and the sun based on different feelings. ㊣Two children argued that the sun is far away. One child said that because the sun is cold in the morning and hot at noon, it is farther in the morning and closer to noon. The other said that the sun is bigger in the morning and smaller at noon, so it is farther in the morning and closer to noon. And the observation of the fact is indeed true, so how to explain ? What's going on? One view is that there are clouds on the surface of the earth in the morning, and when you look at the sun through the clouds, it looks bigger.

When the clouds dissipate at noon, the sun appears smaller. In fact, the size of the sun has not changed. Another view is: the height of the sun is different, and the refractive index of the atmosphere is different. In the morning, the altitude angle of the sun is low and the refractive index is large, so the sun looks bigger.

Another view is that the sun appears larger in the morning than at noon because of an illusion of the eyes. We see white shapes larger than black shapes of the same size.

This is called "light penetration" in physics. When the sun first rises, the surrounding sky is dark, so the sun appears bright. However, at noon, the surrounding sky is very bright. In contrast, the brightness difference between the sun and the background is not that great. This also makes us look The reason why the sun is larger in the morning than at noon.

In short, the sun is the same distance from us in the morning and noon, so its size is also the same. Also, is it hotter at noon than in the morning because the sun is farther away from us at noon than in the morning? How close? Neither. So why? It is hotter at noon than in the morning because the sun shines directly on the ground at noon, while in the morning the sun shines obliquely on the ground. It can be seen that when the sun shines directly, the ground and air receive the same amount of radiation at the same time and in the same area. The sun's radiant heat is greater than when the sun is slanting in the morning, so the heating is strongest.

Therefore, it is hotter at noon than in the morning. In fact, the hot and cold weather is mainly determined by the air temperature.

The main factor affecting air temperature is determined by the radiation intensity of the sun, but solar heat is not the main reason that directly increases the temperature. Because the heat energy directly absorbed by the air is only a small part of the total heat energy of solar radiation, most of which is absorbed by the ground.

After the ground absorbs solar radiation heat, it is then conducted upward to the air through heat transfer methods such as radiation and convection. This is the main reason for the increase in temperature. In short, it is hotter at noon and colder in the morning every day, not because the sun is far or near from our ground.

Xue Yi (original text) Yi Qiu is the best game in the country. Let Yi Qiu insult two people to play, one of them is concentrating on it, but Yi Qiu is listening; although the other is listening, he thinks that there is a swan coming, and he wants to help him and shoots it with his bow.

Although I have learned from them, it is not like this. Why is he so wise? I said: Not so.

Translation Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country. He was asked to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on listening to Yi Qiu's teachings. Although the other person was listening, he always thought that a swan was about to fly over and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow.

In this way, although he studied with the previous person, he did not learn as well as the previous person. Can we say that this is because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? I said: That's not the case.

Explanation of words: Yi: playing chess Qiu: a name of a person, because he is good at playing chess, so he is called Yi Qiu Tongguo: the whole country regrets: teaching swan: swan aid: lead, Lajiao: tied to an arrow The raw silk rope on the rope is used for shooting birds: Together with Fu: No more: At the end of the sentence, the interrogative modal particle is equivalent to "?" Reflection: One person concentrates on learning and achieves one person's half-heartedness and achieves nothing Attitude determines success or failure Half-heartedness - failure related: This text is selected from the "Gaozi Chapter" of "Mencius". It is an example Mencius gave when he talked about learning attitude and the issue of intelligence. This story illustrates the importance of learning attitude. The learning effect is very different between concentration and wandering thoughts.

Supplement: Mencius (about 372 BC - 289 BC), whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu, was from Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). He was a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. A thinker, educator, essayist, and statesman during the Warring States Period in ancient China, he is one of the famous representatives of Confucianism.

The distant ancestor of Mencius was the Mengsun family, a nobleman of the Lu State. Later, his family declined and he moved from the Lu State to the State of Zou (southeast of today's Zoucheng, Shandong). His father died when he was three years old, and Meng's mother raised him.

When Mencius was a child, his mother moved three times in order to provide him with a good learning environment. Later generations called it Meng's mother's three moves.

Meng’s mother was very strict in educating her children. Her “relocating to teach her children” and “three-stepping of opportunities” have become a legend through the ages. There is a saying in the "Three Character Classic": "In the past, Meng’s mother chose her neighbors.