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What does it mean that "a bamboo with a hollow mind has bowed leaves, but a proud plum has no flowers on its back"?
It means that bamboo modesty can make people bow modestly, while plum blossom is arrogant and unyielding and never flatters others.

Source:

This self-encouragement couplet is from Zheng Xie in Qing Dynasty.

Appreciate:

This association uses things to compare people and supports things to express their voices. Grasp the characteristics of plum and bamboo, and show people's beautiful hearts. The first couplet "has bowed its head and fallen leaves" means that bamboo is not arrogant, modest and restrained. The second pair of "no flowers on her back" refers to Mei's integrity. This company has concise language and clever ideas. This is a masterpiece with profound meaning and exquisite antithesis.

Extension:

Shanglian grasps the characteristics of bamboo and praises its modesty; The second part depicts Mei's spirit and praises the meaning of not flattery. If the intellectuals in China feudal society possessed the above two qualities, their personality could be said to be perfect. This couplet was written by Zheng Banqiao, or he encouraged himself to write it.

Zheng Banqiao's Bamboo Poems:

Takeishi

Author Zheng Xie, Qing Dynasty.

Bamboo is not relaxed at all, its roots are firmly embedded in the cracks in the rocks.

After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.

Translation:

Firmly adhere to the castle peak and not relax, originally deeply rooted in the crevices.

After many trials and tribulations, the bones are still strong and can blow the east and west and the north and south winds.