The person who was described by Sima Qian as "his ambition is clean, so he is called Wu Fang" is Qu Yuan.

Original text:

The broad and lofty morality of the Ming Dynasty and the coherent governance of chaos are endless. Its words are subtle, its ambition is clean, and its actions are cheap. It is said that the text is small and its meaning is great, and it is far-reaching by analogy. Its ambition is clean, so it is called object fragrance; It is cheap, so it is not allowed to die.

Translation:

Explain the vastness and loftiness of morality, and the truth that the state governs the rise and fall of chaos, all of which are fully manifested. His writing is simple, his words are subtle, his interests are noble and his behavior is honest. As far as its text description is concerned, it is nothing but an ordinary thing, but its purport is great (because it is related to the governance of the country), and it refers to recent events, but its meaning is very far-reaching.

Because of noble interests, the things described in the article are also fragrant, and because of integrity, they will not be tolerated by evil forces until death.

Source: Han Sima Qian's Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records

Extended information:

Sima Qian admired Qu Yuan in two aspects: his correct political views and great personality; Praise his profound attainments in language art.

Sima Qian thinks that Qu Yuan's idea of uniting Qi against Qin is correct. Qu Yuan is an aristocrat of Chu State. At that time, Qin was the strongest. But Chu and Qi can resist Qiang Qin because Chu has the largest territory, Qi has the richest financial resources, and Chu and Qi are close relatives, and other Shandong countries will join forces with Chu and Qi to * * * deal with Qin.

if the king of Chu can always use Qu Yuan's diplomatic ideas and understand his internal affairs, then the world still doesn't know who will win. This biography used a lot of space to describe the relationship between Chu and Qi and Qin, and proved the correctness of Qu Yuan's proposition of uniting Qi against Qin from historical lessons. When Chu Huaiwang re-used Qu Yuan as a leftist, Qi and Chu were close relatives, and Qin did not dare to invade.

After Chu Huaiwang listened to the slander of Shangguan doctor and alienated Qu Yuan, the State of Qin ordered Zhang Yi to alienate the relationship between Qi and Chu and destroy the alliance between the two countries in order to divide them one by one. Zhang Yi lied to the king of Chu, saying that if Chu can break up with Qi, Qin is willing to offer business in the land of 6 miles. Chu Huaiwang was greedy for cheap, so he broke up with Qi. Zhang Yi also said that it was six miles, not six hundred.

Chu Huaiwang was furious, so he raised an army to attack Qin. Without the aid of Qi State, the State of Chu lost its power and lost its territory. Only then did he order Qu Yuan to send an envoy to Qi and restore diplomatic relations with Qi. Qin also said that Hanzhong land would be returned to Chu to make peace. Because Chu Huaiwang hated Yi Cheung, he said that he didn't want to get the land, and he wanted Yi Cheung to be content. Zhang Yi actually came to Chu, bought off Jin Shang, the favorite of the king of Chu, and Zheng Xiu, his favorite, and returned home safely.

When Qu Yuan came back from Qi State and asked the King of Chu why he didn't kill Zhang Yi, it was too late for him to regret it. In this way, Qin was taken in again. Later, the vassal soldiers attacked Chu, and Chu was defeated again. Later, Qin tricked Chu Huaiwang into going to the State of Qin. Qu Yuan advised him not to go, but he listened to his youngest son Zilan and went to the State of Qin.

sure enough, when he arrived in Qin, Qin refused to let him go back, threatening him to cede his land, and finally the guest died in Qin. His son, Qing Xiang Wang, forgot the blood feud, but bowed his knees to Qin, reused pro-Qin Paizilan and others, and exiled Qu Yuan. Later, Chu was destroyed by Qin.

These facts fully show that if Chu is close to Qi, Qin will not dare to invade. If you kiss Qin, you will suffer a great loss from Qin. Sima Qian highly praised Qu Yuan's political talent. According to this legend, Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is called "Di Ku on the top, Qi Huan on the next road, and Tang Wu is described in the middle to stab the world. It is impossible to see the breadth of morality and the coherence of chaos. "

He also lamented: "No man is ignorant, wise and virtuous, so he wants to be loyal to himself, and to help himself by recommending talents. However, if the country dies and the family breaks down, the so-called loyalists are disloyal, while the so-called sages are not virtuous. " It can be seen that Sima Qian thinks that Qu Yuan's ideal politics is the politics of Tang Yu's three generations, and that Qu Yuan advocates the promotion of talents and empowerment. From Qu Yuan's works, we can see that Qu Yuan's political inclination is strong.

Li Sao says, "God is selfless, and it's wrong to look at people's morality. My husband is only a sage, and I have to use this to go down the earth. Look ahead and look back, and look at the people's plans. What is wrong with a husband and can be used, and what is not good and can be served? " Qu Yuan repeatedly discussed the rise and fall of the past dynasties, arguing that death was due to the destruction of loyalty and virtue, while prosperity was due to the promotion of talents and empowerment.

He advocates thinking for the people, and selecting talents and abilities, which is due to the factors of democratic thought. Therefore, Sima Qian is correct in saying that he can understand the broad respect of morality and manage chaos in a coherent way. Sima Qian not only agreed with his idea of virtuous politics, but also believed that Qu Yuan was a man with both virtuous and talented people. He said, "King Huai was confused by Zheng Xiu at home, bullied by Zhang Yi at home, trusted Doctor Shangguan and your son Yin Zilan at home in Qu Ping, lost his troops, died in six counties, and died in Qin, laughing for the whole world. I don't know the disaster of people. "

However, Sima Qian's admiration for Qu Yuan mainly lies in Qu Yuan's noble personality and fighting spirit. Because Chu Huaiwang is fatuous and greedy, he wavers when he is close to Qin, but he is fond of being a yes man at home and listening to rumors. Although Qu Yuan is a nobleman, he is not a close relative. Although he has great political vision and outstanding political talent, he has not been reused for a long time.

Li Sao said: "The world is turbid and jealous of the virtuous, and it is evil to cover up the beauty. The boudoir is far away, but the philosopher king doesn't realize it. " It profoundly reflects the political situation of Chu in his time. In order to persist in his ideals and save the peril of Chu, Qu Yuan resolutely fought. He angrily accused the aristocratic establishment of shamelessness: "Everyone is greedy and eager to seek." "When the custom is solid, the work is skillful, and the rules are corrected. Carry the rope and ink to chase the song, and compete with Zhou Rong. "

He denounced them for making black and white indistinguishable and confusing right and wrong. "Huai Sha" said: "Metaphysics is secluded, and it is called no chapter; I'm a little embarrassed, but I think I'm ignorant. Turn white and be black, and think of it as down; The phoenix emperor is here, and the chickens are dancing. " He accused them of bringing the country to the brink of danger: "Only the husband and wife are happy, and the road is secluded and dangerous."

therefore, he declared that he would never compromise: "where can you be?" Husband and wife live in peace? " Qu Yuan cultivated virtue and stood firm, and was loyal to him. He originally wanted to lead the monarch to the rule of Yao and Shun, but Huai Wang didn't know it. Instead, he trusted and alienated: "I didn't pay attention to Yu's feelings, but I trusted and became angry." Huai Wang should be responsible for Chu's near-peril, and Qu Yuan can't complain about him.

he said, "complaining about spiritual practice is mighty, but it doesn't look at the people's hearts." Sima Qian praised Qu Yuan's spirit of fighting for his ideals and had a deep understanding of Qu Yuan's mood. He described the reason why Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao as follows: "Qu Ping's illness made the king listen to it unwisely, flattery covered the Ming Dynasty, and evil songs did harm to the public, and Fang Zhengzhi did not allow it, so he wrote Li Sao with sorrow and meditation." Also said that "Li Sao" is "self-blaming". Speaking of "illness" and "resentment", it can be seen that Sima Qian thinks that the work of Li Sao embodies Qu Yuan's fighting spirit.