1. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" by Xun Kuang of the Pre-Qin Dynasty: "The fluffy grass grows in hemp and grows straight without support; the white sand grows in nirvana, and it is black with it."

Interpretation: fluffy grass It grows in hemp fields and can stand upright without support. When the white sand is mixed into the black soil, it will no longer turn white.

2. Pre-Qin Confucius's "Confucius Family Sayings·Six Books": Living with good people is like entering a house of orchid. If you don't smell its fragrance for a long time, you will be transformed into it. Living with unwholesome people is like entering an abalone house. If you don't smell the smell for a long time, you will be transformed by it.

Interpretation: Associating with people of good character is like entering a room full of vanilla. Over time, you can no longer smell the fragrance of vanilla. This is because it merges with the fragrance. Associating with people with bad moral character is like entering a shop selling smelly salted fish. Over time, you will no longer be able to smell the smell of salted fish. This is also because you have become one with the smell.

3. The Truth Chapter of the Anonymous "Ancient and Modern Sages": When you are near the water, you will recognize the nature of fish, and when you are near the mountains, you will recognize the sounds of birds.

Definition: To understand a person or thing, you must observe it closely.

4. Chapter 13 of "Lao Can's Travels" by Liu E of the Qing Dynasty: The authorities are confused, but the bystanders are clear.

Interpretation: The parties involved in a matter often think too much about the pros and cons and do not have a comprehensive understanding, but cannot see it as clearly as bystanders. ?

5. Song Dynasty Zhou Dunyi's "Shuo on Love of Lotus": I only love the lotus that comes out of the mud but is not stained, and washes the clear ripples without being evil.

Explanation: I only love the lotus. It grows from the mud but is not contaminated with dirt. It has been washed in clear water but does not look charming.