1. Literary common sense about Liu Zongyuan

There are more than 140 poems by Liu Zongyuan in a collection. In the Tang Dynasty poetry world where people were born in large numbers and flowers were blooming, they were among the best preserved poems. There is only one little one, but there are many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience and thoughts and feelings, he drew on the artistic experience of his predecessors, gave full play to his creative talents, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poetic talent representing a school at that time.

Liu Zongyuan's prose is as famous as Han Yu. Together with Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, Han and Liu are known as the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" and can be called the most outstanding essayists in the history of our country. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu launched and led an ancient prose movement in the literary world. They put forward a series of ideological theories and literary propositions.

Liu Zongyuan also left excellent works for future generations in terms of travel notes and fables. "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" has become a masterpiece of ancient Chinese landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about the beauty of nature, enriching the new realm of classical prose that reflects life, thus establishing the status of landscape notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature.

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Anecdotes and allusions

Liuzhou follows a cruel custom, "Take men and women hostage for money, and redeem them from time to time. They will become slaves." Liu Zongyuan issued a decree to "reform the laws of his country" so that those who became slaves could still pay for redemption.

The decree formulated a set of methods for the release of slaves, stipulating that those who had become slaves could have their wages calculated based on their working time while serving their creditors. After paying off the debt with wages, he immediately regains his freedom of life and returns home to reunite with his relatives. This move was welcomed by poor people and was later implemented in prefectures and counties outside Liuzhou.

Commemoration for later generations

Liu Zongyuan Memorial Hall is located in Liuhou Park, Liuzhou City, Guangxi. It mainly consists of Liuhou Temple, Liu Zongyuan's Clothing Tomb, and Ganxiang Pavilion. Liuhou Temple, formerly known as Luochi Temple, was built in 822 AD. In December 1995, it was named the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patriotism Education Base.

Han Yu's "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Stele" is a collection of articles, which expresses the Liuzhou people's longing for Liu Zongyuan.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Liu Zongyuan

2. Explain why you chose this item

The answer is C1. The snake catcher said it is to show the viciousness of tax collection by the upper class. The heart reflects the darkness of the ruling class and the darkness of society. It does not express his own upright character, but the author's compassion. (Through this expression of his infinite sadness and the viciousness of those who collect taxes, ) 2. It is not a new development after Sima Qian’s historical records. The historical records reflect the personal biographies of princes and generals or the ruling class’s lack of attention to them. Liu’s snake catcher theory reflects the working people of the lower class. , the two are different in terms of class ideological propositions and the social perspective in which they are written. The latter cannot be called a new development of the former; only when the ideological and political propositions are the same or similar, and there are new breakthroughs in them, can it be called a new development. ..

3. Liu Zongyuan’s literary knowledge

Liu Zongyuan (773 AD - 819 AD), courtesy name Zihou, Han nationality, native of Hedong (now Ruicheng and Yuncheng, Shanxi), Tang Dynasty One of the Eight Great Masters of the Song Dynasty, a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker of the Tang Dynasty, known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong". Because he died as governor of Liuzhou, he was also known as "Liu Liuzhou". Liu Zongyuan was called "Han Liu" together with Han Yu, "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi, and "Wang Meng Wei Liu" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu.

Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose pieces, with strong argumentation, sharp writing and pungent satire.

Travel notes describe the scenery, and many of them are based on "The Collection of Mr. Hedong", and the representative works include "River Dwelling", "Jiang Snow", and "The Fisherman"

4. Fill in the blanks with literary knowledge Liu Zongyuan was a writer of the Tang Dynasty. One of the " The collective title of prose writers includes Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, and Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty.

In the literary circles of the Tang and Song Dynasties, their literary achievements were the highest and most widely spread, so they are called the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" is a prose that Liu Zongyuan wrote about his anger when he was demoted to the Sima of Yongzhou by writing travel notes about landscapes.

"Eight Notes of Yongzhou" includes "The Journey to Xishan Banquet in Shide", "The Notes of Cobalt Tantan", "The Notes of Xiaoqiu in the West of Kojuntan", and "The Notes of the Xiaoshitan in the West of Xiaoqiu" [short work] "The Story of Xiaoshitan"], "The Story of Yuan Family's Desire", "The Story of Shiqu", "The Story of Stone Stream", and "The Story of Xiaoshicheng Mountain". Test points: Memorizing common knowledge about literature.

The ability level is Shiji A.

5. Literary common sense

Broadly refers to various issues covering culture.

Including writers, eras, works, geography in literature, various historical allusions, stories, and generally well-known literary habits. Comprehensive knowledge of literature: 1. The literature from ancient China to the unification of China by Qin Shihuang (221 BC) is called pre-Qin literature.

2. Myths were created before writing was invented. Myths are full of rich imagination and are the source of Chinese romantic literature.

3. The most widely circulated myths in China are "Nuwa patching up the sky", "Houyi shooting the sun", "Jingwei filling up the sea", "Chang'e flying to the moon", etc. 4. "Shangshu" is the earliest collection of historical documents in China. It is said that it was compiled and selected by Confucius.

5. "The Book of Songs" is China's earliest poetry collection, which collects 305 pieces of music from various local ethnic groups and temples from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. 6. "Songs of Chu" was compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty and contains poems written by Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because it has the local accent of Chu, it is called "Songs of Chu" and has a profound influence on the literary creation of future generations.

7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China. "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's representative work and the only long lyric prose. 8. "The road is long and far away, I will search up and down" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao".

9. Pre-Qin prose refers to prose before the Qin Dynasty, which is divided into two categories: historical prose and scholarly prose. "Zuo Zhuan" and "Warring States Policy" are representatives of pre-Qin historical prose.

"The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "Mozi" and "Zhuangzi" are representatives of the prose of pre-Qin scholars. 10. "Zuo Zhuan" is China's first narrative history work. It has high achievements in history, literature and language.

11. "The Analects" is a collection of quotation-style prose, which records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. It was written by Confucius's students. This Confucian classic had a huge impact on Chinese culture.

12. "Wouldn't it be nice to have friends come from afar?" Things should not be done by others), this is a famous saying in Confucius' "The Analects". 13. Han Fu is a new literary form that emerged in the Han Dynasty.

It is a kind of poetic prose. 14. Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty.

The most famous of his prose is the political treatise "On the Passage of Qin". 15. Sima Xiangru was an outstanding writer of poetry in the Western Han Dynasty. "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu" are his representative works.

16. "Historical Records" is a history book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is also a model of biographical literature. 17. Yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty occupy an important position in the history of the development of Chinese poetry.

Yuefu originally referred to the music organization established during Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, people called the poems collected, compiled and preserved by the Yuefu organization called Yuefu poetry. 18. "The Peacock Flies Southeast" is an outstanding long narrative poem in ancient China. It narrates the love tragedy of a young man and woman. It is the peak of the development of Han Dynasty Yuefu narrative poetry.

19. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a group of anonymous short poems written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a development of Yuefu folk songs and marks the mature stage of the five-character poetry technique.

20. During the Jian'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, a group of literati poems inherited the realist spirit of Han Yuefu folk songs and had a unique style of "generosity and sadness", which was called the "Jian'an style".

21. The representative writers of Jian'an literature are Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi, collectively known as the "Three Caos". 22. "The old man is still in trouble, but his ambition is thousands of miles; the martyr's old age is full of ambition" is a famous line in Cao Cao's "The Turtle Lives Longevity", which expresses the hero's ambition to grow stronger with age.

23. Cai Yan, also known as Wenji, was a female poet during the Jian'an period. Her five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" expresses the suffering of the people caused by the political turmoil in the late Han Dynasty.

24. Ruan Ji was the writer with the highest literary achievement in the Zhengshi period. He had 82 five-character poems, collectively titled "Poems of Ode to Huai". 25. Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420 AD).

His poems express the tranquil and tranquil life scenes in the countryside, and he is called a "pastoral poet". 26. "Poetry of Peach Blossom Spring" written by Tao Yuanming in his later period marked a new height of his thought and art. Here the poet proposed the social ideal of "Xanadu".

27. The long lyrical poem "Xizhou Song" represents the highest achievement in the artistic development of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD). 28. "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, and the wind blows the grass, so you can see the cattle and sheep" is a verse from the Northern Dynasties folk song "Celege", which describes the scenery of the northern prairie.

29. "Poetry of Mulan" is an outstanding representative work of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties. It describes the touching story of the heroine Hua Mulan who joins the army in place of her father. 30. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, was the founder of the landscape poetry school.

31. Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" is a representative of the strange novels in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. 32. "Shishuoxinyu" written by Liu Yiqing is a short essay that records the words, deeds and interesting stories of some characters in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is lively and concise in writing.

33. "The Literary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon" is a literary criticism work that has a great influence on future generations of literary criticism. 34. Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" is a work that reviews poetry and has a great influence on future generations of poetry criticism.

35. The poetry, prose and novels of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) were all very developed, especially Tang poetry which achieved the highest achievement. 36. Many great poets appeared in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin, etc.

37. The Tang Dynasty writers Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan launched the ancient prose movement. 38. The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty is generally divided into four stages: the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the middle Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty.

39. There are more than 50,000 Tang poems that have been circulated to this day, which is two or three times the total number of poems in the past. 40. Tang Dynasty poetry is divided into ancient style and modern style.

There is no limit to the number of ancient-style sentences, and the level of each sentence is also freer. Modern style can be divided into two types: rhymed poetry and quatrains.

The rhythm of the verses is stricter. Each poem has four lines and eight lines, with counterpoints in the middle. There are regulations for regular verses and quatrains.

Both ancient and modern styles are divided into five-character and seven-character styles. 41. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty were Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang, Wang Bo and Yang Jiong.

42. Wang Bo wrote the famous "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion", "The falling clouds and solitary swans fly together, the autumn water and the long sky are the same color" is one of the most famous sentences. 43. King Luo Bin wrote the famous poem "Ode to the Goose" when he was 7 years old: "Goose, goose, goose, bending its neck to sing to the sky.

White hair floats on the green water, and anthurium stirs the clear waves." 44. Chen Ziang is a famous poet after the Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty. He opposed the gorgeous style of the Six Dynasties and advocated a simple and elegant style of poetry.

45. The famous pastoral landscape poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Meng Haoran and Wang Wei. Their poems express the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the natural simplicity of the countryside.