Korean Book of Jingzhou
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
Hearing that there are many scholars in the world, he said, "There is no need to seal Wan Huhou in life, but I hope to know Jingzhou in Korea." What an admirable sight! As for this! It is not because of the wind, bow and vomit of the Duke of Zhou that domestic heroes run away. Once they climb the Longmen, they are worth ten times! Therefore, people who are lucky and lucky all want to be named monarch to set the price. I hope the prince will not be arrogant, but be cold and humble. In this way, there will be many achievements among 3,000 people, and people will stand out, that is, people are not.
Bai, Longxi Buyi, lives in Chu and Han. Fifteen good swordsmanship, all dry princes. 30% articles, calendar to Qing Xiang. Although he is less than seven feet long, he is full of love. All princes and adults promised to be honest people. I can't stop worrying about this!
You make god, you are virtuous in heaven and earth, your pen is natural, and you are pedant in heaven and man. Fortunately, I am willing to open my heart and face it, and I will not refuse it for a long time. If there is a high banquet in the back, let's be clear. Please try everything every day and wait on the horse. Today, you are the master of the article and the balance of characters. Once you taste the title, you will be a good scholar. Why cherish the land in front of the steps and not let Bai feel proud and excited about Qingyun?
Yesterday, Wang Zishi was in Yuzhou, but he didn't get off the bus, so he got off and set up Kong Wenju. Dan Tao, with more than 30 people in Jizhou, was the first generation of beauty attendants and ministers at that time. You Hou also recommended the strict association law and became a doctor. Among them, Cui Zongzhi, Fang Xizu, Xin Li and Xu Ying are famous for their talent or innocence. Bai Meiguan thanked him for his kindness, loyalty and hard work, knowing that the monarch pushed his heart into the belly of the sage, so he did not belong to others and was willing to commit himself to the country. It's urgent and useful, but dare to do small things.
And people are not Yao and Shun, who can be good? Bai Mo's plan, can he be proud of himself? As for the production, if it is accumulated into scrolls, it will be interesting and heard. I'm afraid carving skills are not suitable for adults. If you give me a humble opinion, please give it to paper and ink, and then go back to the leisure porch to write. Ordinary green ping and green knot have long prices under Xue and Bian's door. Fortunately, I pushed it dirty and the lottery was decorated, but I'll wait for you.
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Li Bai's book Jingzhou and North Korea is a self-recommendation book when he first met North Korea. At the beginning of the article, I borrowed the words of scholars from all over the world-"I was born without sealing Wan Huhou, but I hope to know Jingzhou in Korea", and praised corporal Han Chaozong for being modest and talented. Then I took the initiative to introduce my experience, talent and integrity. The article shows Li Bai's spirit of "being less than seven feet long, but full of heart" and his conceit of "trying to figure out every word every day and relying on horses to wait on him", as well as his character of "being humble and fair". The article is magnificent and popular.
Li Bai's Hanshu Jingzhou is quite unique in creation. When he was roaming in Jingzhou, he heard that Han Chaozong, the long history of Jingzhou, liked to recommend talents, so he wrote this recommendation letter. For the ancients, although this is normal, there is always something they want from others. Generally speaking, it is better to be modest, that is to say, your own advantages should be imperceptible. And Li Bai's letter of recommendation, completely put himself on an equal footing with the other party, and made no secret of his talent. Write a recommended article with great style and spirit. This also reflects Li Bai's pure and innocent poet temperament, and he will never have any petty selfishness or condescension because of asking for help. This is because he believes that his talent is enough to serve the world, and his ambition to serve the world lies in loyalty and hard work. Therefore, seeking Han Jianji is entirely out of a public interest; Imagine that if Han can recommend himself, it is also for this kind of public welfare. There is naturally no need for any secular performance between two acquaintances whose public interests are above everything else and two wise men. In this way, this letter will be extremely aboveboard and selfless, and the writing will naturally be fully demonstrated. For this reason, what we are seeing now is originally a secular communication text, but just like his poems, it fully shows his personality. It contains the confidence that "I was born useful".
The creative art of Zhou Jingshu by Han has the characteristics of ups and downs. From ancient times to the present, the ancients used the metaphor of the Han Dynasty as many as three or four times. Gradually, the meaning is beyond words and thought-provoking. Some good sentences have been handed down to this day, such as Long Pan Feng Yi, Ying Tuo and Ao. The use of allusions is also very appropriate, which has played a role in inspiring Han Sect.
2. Appreciation and selection of classical Chinese prose
Read the biography of Meng Changjun.
Wang Anshi [Song Dynasty]
People all say that they can learn from others, so the wise men attached themselves to him, and finally escaped from the fierce state of Qin with their strength. Ha ha! Meng Changjun is just the head of a crow and dog thieves' group, which can be said to be a wise man who received it! If not, Qi, which has a strong national strength, should be able to rely on the strength of the southern countries to deter Qin, but also rely on the strength of crowing and stealing? A cock crow and a dog thief appeared at his door, which is why the wise man did not obey him.
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In the first sentence, we put forward a point to be refuted, explaining Meng Changjun's traditional point of view: "Meng Changjun can be the top scholar". Then write two bases of this argument: one is what is generally called "scholars return to their hometown"; One is that "a pawn can destroy the Qin dynasty of tigers and leopards by his own strength", from a specific example. Clean and neat, cut to the chase, erect the target of argument, which can be described as "standing at attention."
The second sentence uses the exclamation "whoops" to strengthen the tone, and then directly refutes the statement that "Meng Changjun can get a scholar". Meng Changjun is only the leader of thieves, how can he be said to be a scholar? Resolutely, the difference between "scholar" and "cock crow and dog thief" was suddenly seen. It is a "refutation" to say that "the world is called".
The third sentence deepens the meaning of refutation, and puts forward my own view on the standard of "scholar" by reducing to absurdity: "scholar" must be an able person who can rely on to seek the country and defeat the enemy. Relying on Qi's powerful national strength, a "scholar" can make Qi reign supreme and subdue Qin. It is precisely because there is no real scholar under his command that he needs to rely on his henchmen to help him escape from the state of Qin, thus proving that the scholar is not enough to be called a scholar, and refuting the superficial and one-sided view with facts. It is the purpose of an article to be original and go straight to the root.
The fourth sentence continues the above and goes deeper. It uses logical reasoning to analyze the reasons why Meng Changjun can't get a scholar, refutes the statement in the first sentence that "a scholar should return with reason" and draws a conclusion to make up for the refutation that Meng Changjun can get a scholar. Explain why Meng Changjun can't get a taxi: When thieves and crows come in and out, a real taxi won't go with Meng Changjun. This is a "breakthrough" if it is firm, powerful and indisputable.
The whole article closely revolves around the theme of "Meng Changjun can't get a scholar", with a stand and a refutation, a turn and a break, sweeping away the traditional view that Meng Changjun can't get a scholar. Although it has been turned over three times, it is rigorous and natural, fully discussed, sharp and focused, sweeping everything, and has indisputable logical power.
3. Appreciation and selection of classical Chinese prose
Quit Qin Shi by candlelight.
Zuo Qiuming [Pre-Qin]
Qin Bo surrounded Zheng in the Jin Dynasty because he was rude to Jin and second to Chu. The Jin army was stationed in Hanguguan, but in the south of Pan.
The lost fox said to Zheng Bo, "Zheng is in danger!" " ! If Zhu Zhiwu is sent to see Qin Bo, the army will definitely retreat. "Follow it. The resignation said: "I am not as strong as a man; Now that I am old, I can't do anything. " Gong said, "I can't use my son early. It's my fault that I'm anxious to have my son now. "However, Zheng Wu, the son also has shortcomings!" Xu zhi.
When I came out at night, I saw Qin Bo and said, "Qin Jin surrounded Zheng, and Zheng knew he was dead. If Zheng's death is good for you, dare to disturb the deacon. Yue is far away, and you know it's difficult. Why use Zheng Wu to accompany your neighbors? Neighbors are thick, gentlemen are thin. If she thinks the owner and luggage are in trouble, you won't do any harm. And your taste was given by Jin Jun. Xu Jun was in a hurry and had defects, and he made a version in the evening, as you know. Fujin, why bother? If you want to seal the east and seal the west, how can you get it if you don't lack Qin? It is good for Kim, and only you can figure it out. " Qin Bo was very happy and signed a covenant with Zheng. Qi, Sun and Sun were sent to guard Zheng, and Qin withdrew.
Doctor Jin asked to send troops to attack Qin Jun, and the public said, "No way. Mrs. Wei can't do this. Because of human strength, it is ruthless; Lost, I don't know; Chaos is easy to rectify, not by force. I am still there. " The Jin army left the state of Zheng.
(selected from Zuo Zhuan)
Brief analysis
"When the candle is stronger than Qin" is selected from Zuozhuan in Spring and Autumn Period.
Lobbyists played an important role in the Spring and Autumn War. They shuttle back and forth between countries, or cross the river by threading needles and bridges, or alienate each other, dig corners, or win a breathing space by delaying tactics. It can be said that without these roles called diplomats in modern classical Chinese, the drama staged in the Spring and Autumn Period would not be so thrilling, colorful and magnificent. With them, in front of the stage. The two facades behind the stage are really lively. After you finished singing, I went on stage to perform a unique scene of ancient war.
We find that lobbyists or diplomats are not only eloquent and good at reasoning with emotions, but also good at grasping the key of interests and finding the weaknesses and breakthroughs of interests, thus achieving great success. "The Power of Candles" said that it had to be retired with golden words and jade words, and Zheng Zhiwei's single soldier was lifted, which is a typical example.
In an era where there is no authority and there is a dispute over interests, the principle of interests is the principle of action, and a shrewd lobbyist or diplomat must know this well. Taking interests as the principle of communication, the relationship cannot be unbreakable and impeccable. It can even be said that it is often more effective than other means to understand and move to benefits. Even in modern society, the communication between countries is based on the principle of interests. I'm afraid this truth is more practical and lasting than benevolence and righteousness. Although the principle of benevolence and righteousness is more commendable, how many people in this world speak of benevolence and righteousness?
To emphasize the principle of interests, we must first take equality as the basis. If there is no equality, it will fundamentally cancel the interests. Benefits must be realized through communication. If a person has no contact with others, he has no interest. Communication is also exchange, how much you pay, how much you get, no pay, no gain. If you just want to get and don't want to pay, it will destroy the exchange. Without equality, it will be difficult to get benefits again.
Exchange is essentially to make the other party profitable. If Qin Mugong thinks it is unprofitable to lobby Qin Mugong, will he be willing to give up? The so-called sow discord, for the most part, should also make use of people's psychology that they feel profitable. Without this, it is difficult to successfully provoke each other. People who engage in intrigue often take advantage of this. "If you want to take it, you must give it first", which means to attract people to take the bait and then eat it.
China's traditional strategy can be said to take the principle of interests to the extreme. In addition to the above, there are so-called killing people with a knife, kicking off the bridge, pulling down the stairs, rewarding one hundred, playing hard to get, seduction of beauty, greed, strange goods to live in, harming one hundred people and so on. Are used or exerted from different angles. It is no exaggeration to say that all aspects of life are inextricably linked with the principle of interest.
4. Appreciation and selection of classic ancient prose
Biography of Mr. Wu Liu
Tao Yuanming [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
I don't know who Mr. Wang is or what his last name is. There are five willows next to the house, because I don't think it's this number. Quiet, quiet, don't be greedy. Good reading, not asking for a solution; Whenever I know something, I will happily forget to eat. Sexual alcoholism, poor family is always not available. I know when I am old, but I still buy wine. I got drunk after drinking it. Since I retired drunk, I have not hesitated to stay. The ring is bare and can't cover the windy days; Short brown knot, ladybug empty. I often amuse myself by writing articles, which shows my ambition. Regardless of gains and losses, die because of it.
Zan: Qian Lou's wife has a saying: "Don't care about poverty, don't care about wealth." Is his words true? Write poems to reward his ambition. What about people who don't care about their families? GM Shi Tian's people?
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This paper can be divided into two parts. The first part is the text. The second part is praise.
The text can be divided into four parts. The first section explains the origin of the number "Mr. 56" from the beginning to the "factor", and starts with the topic. "Mr. Wu doesn't know who he is", the first sentence at the beginning of the article, that is, excluding this gentleman from the famous family, not only don't know his origin and birthplace, but also "his surname is unknown" Mr. Wu Liu is an anonymous person. Jin dynasty was very particular about family status, but Mr. Wu Liu ran counter to this trend, suggesting that Mr. Wu Liu was a hermit. "There are five willows near my home, because I think the numbers are ambiguous", so I took a random font size. Mr. Wu Liu is not only anonymous, but also doesn't pay attention to surnames at all. In Zhuangzi's words, "a famous person is also a real guest", which is irrelevant. However, the reason why he took a fancy to Uncle Wu and Liu may be because there are no peaches and plums next to Mr. Wu and Liu's house, only a few willows, which is consistent with what he later wrote: "The ring is blocked and bare." Mr. Wu Liu's family is humble and poor. These five or six trees are quiet, elegant and simple. Vitamin V also shows the character of Mr. Wuliu.
The second section, from "quiet" to "happy to forget food", describes Mr. Then write about Mr. Wu Liu's life and personality. "Quiet and quiet, not greedy for profit", this is the most prominent place of Mr. Gentleness is the external performance of Mr. Wu Liu, and not admiring Li Rong is the true face of Mr. Wu Liu. Because he doesn't pursue wealth, Mr. Wu or Liu doesn't have to run around and be agitated, so he is naturally quiet and quiet, and there is no need to talk endlessly. But this kind of talk does not mean that Mr. Wu Liu is not interested. But this section mainly talks about "good reading" and good reading. And Mr. 56' s "good study, not seeking very understanding" and not seeking very understanding are related to Mr. 56' s "not greedy for profit". The purpose of Mr. Wu Liu's reading is to satisfy his knowledge and enjoy his spirit, so "every time he knows something, he forgets to eat happily." This shows that Mr. Wu Liu is a knowledgeable person, and the society of that era restricted and forced him.
The third section describes Mr. Wu Liu's drinking hobby from "sex addiction" to "staying". The author emphasizes that his passion for sprinkling comes from nature, not from the debauchery and self-anesthesia of a person in a high position. However, there is a contradiction between being addicted to sprinkling and being poor at home. If he doesn't admire Li Rong and can't get rid of poverty, he "can't always get wine." This shows that he has not lost his integrity because of drinking. As for friends and relatives, buy him a drink, but he is free. As soon as he went to drink, he was drunk, which reflected his frankness and seriousness, and there was no hypocrisy and melodrama of so-called celebrities at that time. Drinking was a way for him to get rid of himself in those days.
The fourth section, from "blocking the famine" to "stopping here", writes "Mr. Wu Liu's poverty alleviation writing. Although his room is in tatters and rags, he is content. This is a manifestation of his happiness and poverty. And "often writing articles to amuse oneself" and staying in the dust net is the result of his reading "everything knows", and "forgetting gains and losses" is caused by his character of "not greedy for profit" These not only take care of the previous article, but also wrap up the whole article.
In the second part of the article, after describing Mr. Wu Liu's life and interests, he also imitated the brushwork of historians and added a compliment. The essence of this compliment is Mrs. Qian Lou's two words: "Don't care about poverty, don't care about wealth." These two sentences are in tune with the "no desire is just" written earlier, which is the characteristic and advantage of Mr. Wu Liu. Tao Yuanming expressed his thoughts and feelings through Mr. May 6th. There are two questions at the end of the article: "Is there anyone from Wyeth?" GM Shi Tian's people? "It not only expresses his yearning for the simple fashion of ancient society, but also shows that he is a hermit with beautiful ideals. At the same time, it is also a criticism and ridicule of the dark reality of the world.
5. Appreciation and selection of classical Chinese prose
handicraftsmen
Wang Xizhi [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love.
It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.
The phase of a lady, pitching for a lifetime, or taking a bosom, realizing a room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When he is happy with what he has encountered, he will temporarily get it from himself and soon become self-sufficient. He never knew that old age was coming. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts! I didn't know old age was coming: I didn't know old age was coming.
Every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if I unite, I will lament the article, which can't be compared to the things in my chest. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
Overall appreciation
On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi and forty-one people, including Sun Chuo, Xie An and Zhi Dun, gathered at the Lanting in Huiji to enjoy themselves by the water. They drink together, write poems and talk about their intimate feelings. Later, all the poems were compiled into a book, and Wang Xizhi wrote this preface.
Preface to Lanting Collection describes a great gathering of speakers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and expresses their common wishes. The article integrates narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion, and the style of writing is ups and downs, with strange and accurate changes to meet the needs of expressing philosophical speculation. The full text can be divided into two parts. The first part is mainly narrative and landscape writing. First, describe the time and place of the meeting. Then take a fancy to the beautiful natural environment of Lanting: winding mountains and clear streams; The wind is sunny and the sky is clear. You can look up at the infinity of the universe and overlook all kinds of prosperity. It is enough to "enjoy the scenery" and "enjoy audio-visual entertainment" here, and you can observe and think freely to meet people's visual and auditory needs. This is the perfect place for participants to "talk about their intimate feelings" and enjoy themselves. These descriptions are poetic, and the author's mood is calm and calm.
In the second half, the pen changed from enjoying the beautiful scenery and drinking to lyrical discussion, which triggered a mixed feeling of life and death, and the author's mood suddenly changed from calm to agitation. He said: the happiness of life is extremely limited, and when it is satisfied, it will feel boring. The past has become history in a blink of an eye, and people will die. From joy to sorrow, from birth to death, this is his philosophical speculation at this time. He thinks that "the dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's mourning is an illusion", further discusses the value and significance of life, and produces an idea of cherishing time, cherishing life and loving civilization. Life and death are natural laws that human beings can't control, so it is inevitable that he reveals sentimental emotions in his articles. But at the end of the article, the author's mood tends to be calm again. He feels that personnel are changing, history is developing, from prosperity to decline, from birth to death is inevitable. It is precisely because of the impermanence of life that time waits for no one, so he wants to pass on his articles to future generations in order to inherit the predecessors and inspire others.
Throughout the whole article, it describes the scenery of Lanting and the fun of Wang Xizhi's party, and expresses the author's sigh about the infrequent events and "All shall be well." The author is extremely happy and sad when he is happy and sad. With the change of his feelings, the article changed from calm to calm, to ups and downs, ups and downs, so the Preface to Lanting Collection became a famous article that was told through the ages.