2. The world is infinite, and a sad picture can't be drawn. _ _ _ _ Gao Chan's Night Scene of Jinling
3. A moment that should last forever? Before I knew it, it had come and gone. _ _ _ _ Li Shangyin's "Jinse"
4, flying freely is as light as a dream, and the continuous rain is as fine as sorrow. _ _ _ _ Qin Guan's Lonely Cold Building in Huanxisha
5, teenagers do not know the taste, fall in love with the floor. Fall in love with the floor Worried about adding new words. _ _ _ _ Xin Qiji's Ugly Slave, the middle wall of Shuboshan Road
6, time only urges people to be old, does not believe in family, dragons hate leaving the pavilion, and tears are easy to wake up. _ _ _ _ Yan Shu's "Picking mulberry seeds, time only makes people old"
7, a sound of autumn leaves, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the night. _ _ _ _ Xu Zaisi's Water Fairy Night Rain
People don't know where to go, but peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze. _ _ _ _ Cui Hu's "South Village of Beijing"
9. The thin shadow is shallow and the dusk is fragrant. _ _ _ _ Lin Bu's "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden" Part I
10, back to your tears, hate not to meet and not get married. _ _ _ _ Zhang Ji's "Yin Jiefu Send Dongping Lishi Island"
1 1. How much trouble can you have? Like a river flowing eastward. _ _ _ _ Li Yu "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon?
12, as night falls, my dream suddenly comes home. The window of Xiao Xuan. Dress up. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears _ _ _ _ Su Shi's "Twenty Memories of Dreams in the First Month of Jiang"
13, drunk on the battlefield, don't laugh, how many times did you fight in ancient times? _ _ _ _ Two Liangzhou Poems by William Wang, Part One.
14, falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud will protect flowers more. _ _ _ _ Gong Zizhen's "Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems No.5"
15, drunk, I don't know that the sky is in the water, and the boat is full of dreams. _ _ _ _ Tang Wenru Title Caoqinghu, Longyang County
2. The sentence describing "ancient prison environment" is as follows:
1. The origin of prisons can be traced back to ancient times. Prison is the threshold or hole for primitive people to domesticate wild animals. When they arrived in the clan society, they were used to hold prisoners and drive them to work. After the country came into being, as a part of the state machine, prisons also came into being.
2. A few rays of the setting sun shone there but were swallowed up by the boundless darkness, and there was no ripple on the broken mud wall. It is like a coffin sitting in this remote corner, short and full of depression, and there is a prison that no one pays attention to.
3. The prisoners held in Zhou Dynasty prison should work under supervision. If they can turn over a new leaf, they will be released after three years of felony, two years of moderate crime and one year of misdemeanor. But he can't be treated as a civilian for three years after his release.
Prison has been called "prison" since Han Dynasty. By the Han Dynasty, there were more and more prisons. In addition to the central prison, namely Tingwei prison, there are also prisons set up by various officials themselves.
There are many other names of ancient prisons, such as inner palace, bedroom, security palace and reception room. Local counties also have their own prisons. At that time, there were more than 2,000 prisons in China.
6. This cell smells strange. It smells wet and blood dried up after rain. The whole space is very dark, only a few oil seals on both sides are slightly glowing. As soon as the wind blew, two lights went out. There is no light here all the year round, and even the air is turbid. A normal person can't stand staying for a while. People locked up here may never get out. It turns out that there is not only the smell of dampness and blood, but also the smell of death.
7. At first, it was not called "prison", but it was called "stepping down" in Xia Dynasty (now Yuxian County, Henan Province), which was the name of the central prison, and was generally called "Yi Tu".
8. Speaking of prisons in ancient yamen, people may immediately think of Hong Tong prison in Su San Qi Jie.
9. The prison system in the Northern and Southern Dynasties basically inherited the system of the Han Dynasty, but in the Northern Dynasties, besides prisons, they also dug up land to build prisons, which were called dungeons.
10. By the time of the Qin Dynasty, because of the harsh laws, the number of criminals was increasing, and there were many more prisons than before. Basically, there were prisons in all counties. At the same time, in order to meet the needs, the Qin Prison Law has detailed regulations on prison management.
1 1. Prison, as its name implies, is a special place for holding prisoners. As an important part of yamen, in addition to the prisons set up by the central judicial organs, local yamen at all levels, especially state (including government and county) yamen, also have prisons.
12. Ancient prisons were mainly cells, and the criminal law was particularly harsh. Now prisons are very different, mainly serving sentences and receiving education, with the aim of remoulding!
13. In ancient times, the north was revered, which meant that kings often "called the south alone", that is, sitting north facing south. Prisoners had the lowest status in ancient society. Where else can they live if they don't live in the south? Therefore, ancient prisons were generally built in the south of the city, so people often called them "southern prisons" or "southern prisons"
14. The jailer in the prison is a "death judge", and the jailer in the prison is a devil with a face of an ox and a horse. Although the prison bully himself is a prisoner, he has been in prison for a long time and is familiar with the prison situation. With "qualifications", they naturally become the "leaders" of prisoners.
15. Prisoners who go to prison will be punished if they are not filial to the prison bully.
3. The sentences describing the ancient prison environment can be traced back to ancient times. Prison is a threshold or cave for primitive people to domesticate wild animals. After the clan society, it was used to imprison prisoners and drive them away from work.
After the country came into being, as a part of the state machine, prisons also came into being. At first, it was not called "prison", but it was called "stepping down" in Xia Dynasty (now Yuxian County, Henan Province), which was the name of the central prison and was generally called "Yi Tu".
The prison in Shang Dynasty was called □ (Ewing) Li (now northeast of tangyin county, Henan Province), also called (Yu Yin), which was a word that appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, meaning "prison". During the Zhou Dynasty, it was also called "Luan" or "Prison" (Zero Rain).
Prisoners in Zhou Dynasty prisons should work under supervision. If they can turn over a new leaf, they will be released after three years of felony, two years of moderate crime and one year of misdemeanor. But he can't be treated as a civilian for three years after his release.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the scale of the prison had expanded a lot, and the name of the prison at this time had also changed, called "Yong". In the Qin dynasty, because of the strict laws and the increase of criminals, there were many more prisons than before, and basically there were prisons in counties.
At the same time, in order to meet the needs, the Qin Prison Law has detailed regulations on prison management. Prisons have been called "prisons" since the Han Dynasty. By the Han Dynasty, there were more and more prisons. In addition to the central prison, namely Tingwei prison, there are also prisons set up by various officials themselves.
There are many other names of prisons at this time, such as Inner Palace, Living Room, Security Palace and Invitation Room. Local counties also have their own prisons. At that time, there were more than 2,000 prisons in China.
The prison system in the Northern and Southern Dynasties basically inherited the system of the Han Dynasty, but in addition to prisons, the Northern Dynasties also dug up land to build prisons, which were called dungeons. Speaking of the prisons in ancient yamen, people may immediately think of Hong Tong prison in Su San Qi Jie.
This is one of the best preserved ancient prisons today. Hongtong County Prison is located in the right corner of the entrance of the county government, which is mainly convenient for interrogating prisoners at any time.
There is a screen wall in the prison gate, and there is only one side of the passage, in order to prevent prisoners from escaping. As soon as I entered the prison gate, there were four right-angle aisles and five doors in succession, followed by an "alley" more than one meter wide.
On both sides of the "Hutong" are two rows of low prison houses for holding ordinary miscellaneous criminals; At the southern end of the "Hutong", turn right to the east, and the Inner Prison is there, which is dedicated to holding recidivists who are sentenced to death. The inner prison is quadrangular, with ordinary prison rooms on the east, west, south and three sides, and two windowless cave-style prison rooms on the north. This is a women's prison for female prisoners awaiting settlement. It is said that the famous prostitute Su San was once held here.
From Hongtong County Prison, we can learn about the architecture and setting of ancient prisons. Prison, called "prison" by the ancients, as its name implies, is a place where prisoners are held.
As an important part of yamen, in addition to the prisons set up by the central judicial organs, local yamen at all levels, especially state (including government and county) yamen, also have prisons. There are many kinds of prisons in Han Dynasty.
According to the criminal law of Hanshu, there were more than 2,000 prisons in the Han Dynasty, including more than 20 in Chang 'an, the capital city: Ruolu Prison, Zuoyou Prison and Bedroom Prison. ; There are special prisons for female prisoners; As well as Shanglin prison, Duchuan prison and Neiguan prison where officials and soldiers are held. In addition, there are Jingzhao Prison in Beijing and Chang 'an Prison in Chang 'an County, both of which belong to local prisons in Beijing.
When Yin Shang, a famous brutal official in the Han Dynasty, was appointed as the magistrate of Chang 'an County, he built a dungeon called "Tiger Cave" in the prison, dug several feet deep, built walls on all sides, and covered the exit with big slabs. He once ordered village officials and neighbors in Chang 'an County to report local bullies and hooligans, and then arrested all these people, locked them in a den of several hundred people in turn and covered them with big stone slabs.
A few days later, when I opened it, everyone inside died together, and hundreds of people died successively. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the types of prison names have basically changed. Local counties have their own prisons, while the capital Luoyang has only two prisons, Tingwei Prison and Luoyang Prison.
This prison system was also inherited by later generations. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Dali Prison was set up with Dali Temple as the central judicial organ. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Ministry of Punishment was the central judicial organ, and the prisons of the Ministry of Punishment had changed, and the management of prisons had also been clearly defined.
But in fact, prison forms and management confusion are widespread. For example, the laws of the Song Dynasty made strict provisions on the prison management system, but most local officials went their own way.
At that time, the practice of "leaving the door" and "closing the door" was originally a temporary detention measure. However, government officials often ban all those innocent witnesses and related personnel and take the opportunity to extort money from them. If they do not meet the requirements of these officials, they will not be released, so prisons are often overcrowded. There is also a prison measure called "lock prison", which was originally a short-term imprisonment, but often became a means for local governments to harm prisoners at will.
Government officials refused to give food rations to the detained people and let them starve to death; Or torture the prisoner without authorization and torture him to death. Even some local strongmen colluded with government officials, accusing Luo Zhi of detaining innocent civilians and then killing them.
The cruelty of the means is outrageous. Among all types of prisons, the most familiar name for later generations is probably "cell".
Until now, people still regard "sitting in a cell" as a synonym for imprisonment. In fact, the prison is not a prison, but a place where three classes of officials work in the yamen.
At first, in order to prevent the trial from being delayed, the state and county governments often put some civil cases, misdemeanor prisoners and dry certificates in their cells for trial, and sent officers to watch them so that they could be used at any time. Once they are put in prison and fall into the hands of the sheriff, they become the targets of abuse and extortion by the sheriff. In the words of the directors, when they get it, they have to expose him.
In the classroom, both witnesses and prisoners are noisy and crowded together, sleeping together and defecating together. Of course, there is another class in the classroom. Rich people can spend 50 diao to enter a big room with a bed. It will take another 30 cranes to dismantle the chain; It takes another 20 cranes to shop underground, and another 30 cranes to shop high.
You can turn on the light five times if you want to eat opium, and the rest of the food has a price. Anyway, as long as you have money, you can have whatever you want; Once a prisoner who has no money enters the cell, it is really like going to hell, being abused and tortured, and it is dark.
4. What are the ancient poems and songs about prisoners' children? Lotus (pity) has a bitter heart, while pear (separation) has a sour stomach.
Jin Shengtan was sentenced to death by the court because he offended the emperor and was involved in the case of "Crying Temple against Grain". On the day of the execution, it was bleak and solemn, and a small graveyard in Fiona Fang was surrounded by swords and shadows, which seemed eerie. Jin Shengtan, a literary critic who despised the imperial court, stood alone in the prison car with his chest as thin as a snake and shackles. On the execution ground, the executioner held a ghost knife, and the cold light shone, which was creepy and chilling. Seeing that the execution time is coming, Jin Shengtan's two sons, Li and Lian Zi (nickname), are even more sad when they look at their loving father who is about to leave forever, and they burst into tears. Although Jin Shengtan was sad, he took his time and thought faster. To comfort his son, he said calmly, "What's the use of crying? Come on, I'll write you a couplet. "So he sang the first couplet. My son knelt on the ground and cried his throat dry, and his intestines were about to crack, so he couldn't bear to write couplets. He thought for a moment and said, "get up, don't cry, I'll make you a couplet." Then read the next couplet. The audience was very moved and sad. The word "Lian" and "Xi" in the first pair of couplets are homophonic, indicating that I am deeply sorry to see my son's grief; The homonym of "pear" and "Li" in the second couplet means that I am about to leave my son, and my heart is bitter. This pair of farewell to life and death, superb, meticulous, punning, rigorous confrontation, can be described as superb, shocking.
But this is a couplet, not a poem.
5. "Zen in prison" (ancient poetry) A political prisoner listens to the cicada's parallel order
Luo
I'm forbidden to go to the west of the wall, which is also a matter for the Dharma Hall. Although we know about it, we are familiar with it, but we know about it, that is, Gan Tang of Zhou. Every evening, the sun shines gloomily, and Qiu Chan pulls it out, making a quiet sound and smelling it. When people's hearts are different from those of others, they will be sad because of the sound of insects. Hehe, the voice is moving, and the virtue is like a sage. Therefore, it is a noble act of a gentleman and a talented person to lead an honest and clean life, shed his skin and have the spirit of a fairy capital. At that time, the number of yin and yang should be changed and stored by machine. Open your eyes, don't be confused by the Tao, thin and winged, it's true. Singing the cool breeze of Shu Qiao, full of charm, and drinking the dew of autumn, why are you afraid of others? It's hard for a servant to get lost, but it's a shame to lose. Don't be sad but feel sorry for yourself, first decline and then shake it off. Only when I heard the sound of flies flowing did I know that the replay was over, and I saw that my feelings should move with things, mourning for the weak feathers, giving people the way and sympathizing with the loneliness of the rest of the voices. Not pen and ink, but worry and worry.
Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south.
I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who is worried about the table?
6. Ask for some ancient poems about the legal system. "History of Chinese Legal System and Law" (Volume I) The Western Zhou Dynasty kissed and respected five rites. Five rites: good or ill luck, courtesy, courtesy.
(buying and selling: cattle and slaves are called hostages, and vessels are called agents; Lending relationship: blessing) six rituals and seven choices, (six rituals to get married; A position based on virtue rather than virtue. (eldest son inheritance system) trial breaking prison as a sign of punishment, (the distinction between civil punishment and criminal punishment; Virtue is the main punishment, and courtesy is the punishment.
(5) officials come to help, just crossing the border; (5) When ministers' officials stab people. (3) Judicial Stab) During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zheng Zhu's torture book Ding (with different names, but also successively, but all of them were cast on the body), Deng committed suicide with bamboo.
(Deng privately wrote bamboo punishment, and was killed by the king, but he used it ironically. ) thief net Wei miscellaneous tools, (Guo Wei, Liu Zhanglian) Shang Yang reformed Qin. (Qin changed the law into law, which has connotation) Severe punishment is a misdemeanor, and the general principle (principle of severe punishment) contains six miscellaneous articles.
(Six prohibitions are listed in the chapter "Miscellaneous"); "Take" as the general rule, with its addition and subtraction) to strengthen the Qin military merit award, (Jing Tian system, military merit and other institutional powers) to abolish the Qing county traitor department. (weakening local power, establishing county pavilion system, falsely accusing anti-sitting, implicating system) The punishment of begging for mercy was first hidden in Han Dynasty, (begging for mercy system; Kissing each other to hide it: Xuan Di) Corporal punishment was abolished in Ti Ying.
(Text: refers to Emperor China; The abolition of corporal punishment is "although there is a name of commutation, there is actually a murder"). The Spring and Autumn Prison was convicted by heart. (Autumn in the east, the world is cold, good days, and then there is Autumn Review, etc. (8) On the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Wei Dynasties, (Cao Wei) the officials of the Southern Chen and Northern Wei Dynasties are about to start.
(Officials should start from two places: Wei in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, not Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms.) The State of Qi is a felony, and (10 felony) the State of Jin and the State of Qi are punished with five clothes. (Lu Jinbei Qi, Five Blessingg, Jian Fei, Cui Zi, Dagong, Xiao Gong, Ma Zhu, criminals are different in distance) The death penalty in the Northern Wei Dynasty needs to be replayed, and the North and South announced the abolition of castration.
The law was abolished, but it still exists in later generations. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Hu's punishment of flogging (the punishment for Hu people: flogging) followed the law and inherited the past. (Qi law has a high status, but it is true that Sui law has the function of connecting the past with the future. ) Emperor Yangdi Yang Wenkai's imperial law is not necessarily heinous, but heinous.
The opening of the palace in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was even worse. (New Five Penalties) Tang Gaozu established the Tang Dynasty to show martial arts, and (Tang Gaozu won the world and wrote martial arts) Zhenguan became a law and became a servant.
(The Rule of Zhenguan) On Emperor Gaozong of Tang Yonghui, (Emperor Gaozong's time has always been a brief discussion, and the history is called a brief discussion on Tang), and the penalty system has six political codes. (Compilation of Criminal Law; Administrative Code) Officials are worried about public crimes and private crimes.
(The boundary between surrender and rehabilitation) Analogy is very important. (If there are no correct rules in judging a case, those who should be guilty will lift the weight lightly and those who should be guilty will be light.). (6) stolen goods; Six kills; Yu Bao; Outsider) Song made up a plan to break the legal and criminal system of Song Dynasty.
(However, the Song Dynasty did not formally stipulate "year-end". ) The contract is subdivided into buying and borrowing, which allows (commercially developed) women to leave their wives. (women's status is improved: women in the room can inherit; In some cases, the wife can file for divorce. (Look at the difference of another trial, and (pay attention to the operation method) cite the original evidence.
(pay attention to evidence investigation; The burden of proof is clear) Ding Chi, the spirit of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, (Lingchi originated in the Western Liao Dynasty in the Five Dynasties) adopted a stepson and adopted a daughter. When her husband died and his wife was around, Li Ji followed his wife, namely Li Ji. Both husband and wife died, and Li Ji followed his elders and called his successor; Both women and stepsons have the right to inherit, but when they get married, the proportion of inheritance is different. ) In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Dazhao was taught criminal punishment. (Daguan was only used in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, and the Ming Dynasty was another explanation from the perspective of criminal law. ) I learned the Six Dynasties in the Ming Dynasty.
(administrative law) attaching importance to the police officers at the two poles, (flaunting new ideas, attaching importance to not attaching importance; Wei is a spy; How can the court staff make the old minister face? Under the pretext of raping the party, the party was exiled to the army. Traitor: provided a legal basis for the emperor to kill heroes at will; Exile is an addition to exile. The laws and regulations of the Qing dynasty are a masterpiece, and the rules and regulations are collectively called.
(Legal form: examples, decrees, regulations, rules) The Qing Code imitates the government, and (administrative law) is written without prison rebellion. Although there is no "crime of writing", it is regarded as "a great violation of the Tao" At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the current criminal law transcended the new law, and (obviously, this was excessive) created commercial law and folk grass.
Judicial administration began to divorce and constitutional procedures were promulgated. The constitutional document of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (the first constitutional document) limited the Yuan thieves to the Temple of Heaven.
(Sun Wen limited Yuan Shikai's legal means: Republic) Why did he make a treaty to restore the emperor? (Yuan Shikai also made a treaty to remove obstacles) The formal election of the Constitution was bribed. (Cao Kun was elected after taking bribes, and the Constitution was formally implemented) The joint trial system in Ming and Qing Dynasties brought five important officials to court, and Jiuqing took the trial in turn to the imperial (Qing) capital, and quickly decided to leave an empty prison. If you can insert a stick, you can put it back. ) Tyumen, the death penalty was reported to the local authorities.
(1, severe punishment; A review of beheading supervisors near Shi Jing).