1. The core content of Confucius' political thought is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". This strategy applies morality and politeness to the people, tightens the hierarchy, and completely divides nobles and civilians into ruled and ruled. Broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians.
2. The highest political ideal of Confucius is to establish a "world for the public" Datong society. The basic characteristics of "Datong" society are: the roads are smooth and the world is public.
Therefore, we can "choose talents and do things, talk about faith and cultivate friendship", "people are not only close, but also only children, so that the old can be used, the young can be used, and the orphans can be raised", conspiracy fraud is not prosperous, and theft can not cause trouble. This is an idealized and legendary primitive social scene in the Yao and Shun era, and it is also the highest ideal society that Confucius yearned for.
3. Confucius' ideal of "Great Harmony" and "Well-off Society" had a far-reaching influence on China's later generations. Later, thinkers in different historical periods and stages put forward different visions and goals, which also inspired progressive thinkers and reformers. Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Sun Yat-sen were all influenced by them.
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Economic thought
The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are "emphasizing righteousness over profit" and "enriching the people". This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought, which has a great influence on later generations.
Confucius' so-called "righteousness" is a social moral standard, and "profit" refers to people's pursuit of material interests. In the relationship between "righteousness" and "benefit", Confucius put "righteousness" in the first place. He said, "see what you want". Before BC, people were required to consider how to conform to "righteousness" in the face of material interests.
He believes that "righteousness follows", that is, it can only be obtained if it conforms to "righteousness". Confucius even argued in The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han, that it is necessary to talk less about profits, but don't shy away from them. Zuo Zhuan's Two Years of Success records that doing immoral things to get rich is like floating clouds, disdaining ill-gotten gains.
Confucius also believed that the attitude towards "righteousness" and "benefit" can distinguish "gentlemen" from "villains". A "gentleman" with morality is easy to understand the importance of righteousness, while a "villain" who lacks moral cultivation only knows "profit" but not "righteousness". This is what Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius, "A gentleman is righteous and a villain is beneficial."
Some people think that since Confucius emphasized "righteousness", he must despise manual labor. This view is wrong. According to the Analects of Confucius, he was very dissatisfied with Fan Chi, a disciple who wanted to study agriculture, and called him a "villain" because Confucius believed that people should have greater ideals and pursuits and shoulder greater responsibilities. He wants his students to be value bearers, not farmers.
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius