1, "step by step"-that is, people learn systematically and step by step according to the knowledge system of the subject and their own intellectual conditions. It requires people to attach importance to the foundation, avoid aiming too high and be eager for success. The principle of gradual progress is embodied in: first, we must lay a good foundation. Second, from easy to difficult. Third, we should do what we can. We should pay attention to actual effect rather than form. Arrange your time according to your study plan, don't focus on one thing at a time. Preview is usually arranged on the night before the new class. In this way, the impression will be deeper. If the new lesson is difficult, you should preview more time; If it is difficult, you should spend less time previewing. We should focus on those subjects that are difficult for us to learn, and it is our turn to teach new courses for preview, while other subjects only need general preview. Some subjects can also use Sunday to concentrate on previewing the courses to be taught next week, reducing the burden of previewing every day. The task of preview is to understand and perceive the content of the new lesson (such as concepts, definitions, formulas, demonstration methods, etc. Through preliminary reading, it clears the way for a smooth understanding of the new lesson. The specific tasks are: ① Review, consolidate and cram the old knowledge you have learned, find out the problems you don't understand in the new lesson, and write them down thoroughly. ② What is the basic content in the new lesson? What have these knowledge contents developed on the original basis? And find out the key points, difficulties and incomprehensible places in the book. (3) When previewing, we should combine watching, thinking and doing. Look: Generally, read the new lesson through, and then underline the important contents in the book with a pen. If you need to check, check; If you need to think, you must think seriously; What needs to be remembered should be written down. Thinking: It means that if you want to think sometimes, you should read with your head down, think with your head up, write questions by hand and think with your head. Do: In the process of reading, you need to make preparations and try to do exercises after the textbook. Answer questions and answers. If you can't do it, you can preview it again or write it down. After previewing, close the book and make a summary. Doing so can make you have a deeper impression on the new textbook.
2. "Read carefully and think carefully"-that is, according to the dialectical relationship between memory and understanding, they should be closely combined and not neglected. We know that memory and understanding are closely related and complement each other. On the one hand, only by understanding on the basis of memory can we understand thoroughly; On the other hand, only by memorizing with the participation of understanding can the memory be firm. "Reading" requires "three things": heart, eyes and mouth. To "think seriously", we must be good at asking and solving problems, and use "self-questioning method" and "questioning method" to question and ask questions. "Learning from time to time is a pleasure", a famous saying of Confucius more than two thousand years ago, still shines with the brilliance of truth. How to learn to review in time and master effective review methods has become an essential link in learning. Generally speaking, the main points of review are: (1) Grasp the key points and review in time. Review should be a necessary activity after studying every day, every week, every unit, every chapter and every stage. Never do not review at ordinary times, but review comprehensively during the exam. The best way is to grasp the key and difficult problems in learning, review with notes after class and after the unit and stage, and insist on doing appropriate exercises. Especially on weekends, you must review what you have learned this week. (2) Review the mastery methods in various ways. Review varies from person to person, from subject to subject, from stage to stage, and a model cannot be mechanically copied. In addition, when reviewing, we should combine textbooks, reference books and workbooks, and do some exercises selectively on the basis of mastering the basic principles and concepts of textbooks. In particular, we should do more variant training instead of mechanically imitating an idea. We can find or write some variant training questions in a planned way to exercise our ability of independent thinking and positive thinking. (3) Run the knowledge in books in your mind like a movie in time. See how much you can remember and how much you forget. Then open your notes and look for blanks. When reading textbooks, you should think while reading and think deeply about the key points and difficulties. Analyze doubts and deepen understanding. Read the necessary reference books to enrich what you have learned in class. (4) Organize and enrich notes, classify knowledge, deepen, simplify and organize knowledge, and strengthen memory according to laws. Strengthen practice. Generally speaking, practice should be done after review, or practice while reviewing. In the review process, strengthening practice can improve the review effect. Problems needing attention in review: (1) Review in time. Review what you learned that day, and never put it off. Don't owe the account. Otherwise, if the content is unfamiliar and the knowledge structure is scattered, it will take twice as long to relearn. Understand that it is much easier to repair a collapsed house than to rebuild it. (2) Review concepts, formulas, laws, theorems and laws closely. Think about how they are formed and derived. What can it be applied to? What do they need? Is there any other statement or proof? What knowledge is it related to? Grasp the knowledge firmly by tracing the source. (3) Review repeatedly. Review once after learning a lesson and once after learning a chapter (or a unit). Summarize systematically in a stage of learning. Focus on reviewing it at the end of the term. Through this step-by-step review, the knowledge connection formed will not fade. (4) Review should have your own ideas. After reviewing a lesson, a section and a chapter, write a summary of your thoughts and ideas, list charts, or use the method of outline summary to connect the previous knowledge and form a complete knowledge network. (5) When you encounter problems in review, don't rush to read books or ask people, think before you look (ask). This will help to concentrate, strengthen memory and improve learning efficiency. Every time you review, you should first recall the last time. Doing so not only maintains the continuity of learning, but also has a good effect on memory. (6) In the review, we should look at some questions properly and do some questions. The selected questions should be selected around the review center. Before solving the problem, we should first recall the ideas we have done in the past and then do the problem on this basis. The purpose of doing the problem is to check your review effect, deepen your understanding of knowledge and cultivate your ability to solve problems. Doing comprehensive questions can deepen the understanding of the complete system of knowledge and cultivate the ability of comprehensive application of knowledge.
3, "self-satisfaction"-is to give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of learning, as far as possible to tap the inherent learning potential of self, cultivate and improve self-learning ability. The principle of self-satisfaction requires you not to study for the sake of learning, but to digest and absorb what you have learned and turn it into your own, which must be strengthened through thoughtful understanding and practice. (1) Read and think, question and ask difficult questions. Learning is a positive thinking process and should not be moved to accept knowledge. In the process of learning, through positive thinking, you will find many difficult problems, especially when doing problems. (2) Appropriate exercise and positive feedback. Practice and homework are important links to consolidate the knowledge learned and strengthen the absorption and digestion of knowledge. Whether the knowledge you have learned is firm or not must also be given positive feedback through practice, so as to find problems in time and master knowledge more skillfully and flexibly. Of course, practice should be moderate and don't cause too heavy a burden. Doing certain test questions is an important means to deepen knowledge, consolidate knowledge and check the learning effect, and it is also the main form of combining review with application. However, we should make good use of this link. Some people rush to do the test questions, and everything will be fine as soon as the test questions are finished. In fact, doing well in the examination questions has the following significance: < 1 > You can check your learning effect. Problems can be found by doing test questions so as to remedy them in time. < 2 > through thinking when doing the problem, deepen the understanding of knowledge, clarify the concepts that are easy to be confused, and skillfully transform formulas. In short, it is conducive to transforming the knowledge in books into your own knowledge. < 3 > can cultivate thinking ability. Because all kinds of questions raised in the test questions will inevitably prompt them to think positively and enhance their ability to analyze and solve problems. < 4 > don't throw away the test questions after you finish them, and organize them regularly to accumulate information for the general review. When reviewing, it is convenient, easy and impressive to look over the recorded questions. Basic requirements and methods for doing test questions: < 1 > test. Examining questions is a very important step in doing test questions. To get a topic, we must first judge which category it belongs to and how difficult it is. Distinguish the conditions and requirements of the topic. What are the known conditions? What other conditions can be mined from the information provided by the topic? What are its requirements? At the same time, let your thoughts follow the path of the topic. By thinking about the purpose and significance of solving problems accurately and thoroughly, we can distinguish what the known conditions are and what the conclusions required by the topic are. In the process of examining questions, we should also pay attention to other formal conditions that are not directly expressed in language, that is, pay attention to the mining of implicit conditions. < 2 > find a way to solve the problem. There are generally three methods: one is "cause and effect", which can be expressed as "known → known → known ……", and finally a conclusion is drawn. The second is "holding the cause", that is, the conclusion ← needs to know ← needs to know ← ... ".In this way, we will pursue it layer by layer until all the known conditions are met. This way. It opens the way between the known conditions and the required conclusions. Thirdly, for some complicated topics, the first two comprehensive methods should be used to shorten the distance between conditions and conclusions as much as possible. That is, on the one hand, some known intermediate results are derived from known conditions, on the other hand, some intermediate results that need to be known are analyzed according to the requirements of the topic. Once the known needs and known things are unified, the way to solve the problem can be obtained. When looking for solutions to problems, we should extensively contact with concepts, formulas, rules and methods related to these conditions and conclusions. Lenovo has solved the same or similar problems in the past. How was it solved at that time? If you can think of old knowledge, that is, the laws, principles and formulas corresponding to this problem, it will come to mind, thus broadening the thinking of solving problems. The wider the association, the greater the span, and the better the problem-solving effect. Sometimes, because the topic is complex, you can draw a sketch of the examination process for the convenience of thinking. This is actually the process of processing and transforming the topic by using the knowledge learned. After processing, the thinking is clear, and the shortcut to solve the problem will appear in front of you. < 3 > Correctly solve the problem. After two steps, we have found a solution to the problem and decided on a solution. However, we should also pay attention to the quality and quantity of solving problems in implementation. To do this, the steps to solve the problem must be gradual. To do this, we must have a solid foundation. In addition, in solving problems, important knowledge points should be written, complex questions should be concise, and simple questions should be written in detail. < 4 > pay attention to the inspection. Just go back and check again to see if all the solutions required by the topic have been found and if there are any missing solutions. Whether the obtained solution meets the requirements of the topic and whether there is a wrong solution. Examination is an important part of cultivating independent thinking ability. There are many ways to check. ① Step-by-step test method. That is, from the beginning of the exam, check step by step. This method can detect errors in calculations and expressions. (2) Emphasis on practice. That is, do it again and see if the result is the same. ③ Substitution method. Substitute the calculation results into the formula or formula to see if it is reasonable. At the same time, we should also pay attention to practicing more questions, solving more questions and thinking more about one question. Compare the problem-solving habits of classification, and constantly improve your ability to analyze and solve problems.
4. "Combination of Bo and Yue"-that is, combining the two according to the dialectical relationship between Bo and Yue. As we all know, the relationship between Bo and Yue is based on Bo. Under the guidance of Yue, Bo and Yue combine and promote each other. Insist on learning from others. First, read widely. The second is intensive reading.
5. "Unity of knowledge and practice"-that is, according to the dialectical relationship between knowledge and practice, combine learning with practice to avoid learning without using it. "The knower does what he knows, and the walker achieves what he knows". Only under the guidance of knowledge is he effective, but when he is divorced from knowledge, he is blind. Similarly, the knowledge verified by lines is insightful, and the knowledge divorced from lines is empty. Therefore, the unity of knowing and doing should pay attention to practice: First, we should be good at learning, practicing, learning and accumulating in practice. The second is practice, that is, applying the knowledge learned to practical work and solving practical problems.
In a word, scientific and reasonable method arrangement is better than five-link learning. If you persist, you will get twice the result with half the effort. After a period of trying, you will sum up the learning methods that suit you. At that time, the joy of success will inspire you to forge ahead even more.
Mastering the Scientific Learning Method: Success
= time+method+persistence.