1. Classical Chinese, written by Tang Shibi, courtesy name Zanchen

Original text: Tang Shibi, courtesy name Zanchen, a native of Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province, and the grandson of the governor of Sui.

During the Qianlong reign, Yinsheng was awarded Nanheshan Xutongpan. He successively served as Tongzhi of Suhong, Tongpei, Lihe and Waihe.

He was promoted to the prefect of Yunyang, Hubei Province based on his performance in river control. His mother was worried about leaving the official position. In the forty-seventh year, after serving Qian, Huihe broke through Qinglonggang and built and destroyed it many times.

A Gui, a great scholar, supervised the administration and served his Majesty to learn about river affairs and dispatched people to work. A Guifang discussed with Zonghe how to change the river, and decided to turn to Shibi. Shibi said: "Today the whole river is betting, it is beyond Tucheng's ability. It is difficult to reverse the trend and return to the right path.

But if we open a diversion river a hundred miles upstream on the south bank, we won't have to compete with the rapids, and it's easy to control the situation. This is the best strategy."

So we decided to open a diversion river at Lanyang. , went to Shangqiu and returned to Zhenghe to serve his Majesty and take charge of his affairs. The work was completed and he was rewarded by the imperial edict.

Open the way back home. At that time, the new diversion river dike was just completed, and it was very dangerous to slip away. So the diversion river was added at the Sixteenth Fort of Yifeng.

When the summer floods came, the results were divided into two groups: one was from the Xinyin River, and the other was from the Zengyin River in the south of the old city of Yifeng. They also built a moon embankment in Maojiazhai and built a water-carrying dam in Suixun Qibao. The water flow was smooth and there was no breach.

In the fifty-third year, it is estimated that the river situation will change. Please build an additional embankment behind the Tongwaxiang embankment. The main river in Lanxi is difficult to carry out large-scale construction for no reason, so please do so. In the summer of the following year, the interior of the copper-tiled chamber collapsed and the situation was in jeopardy.

Li Fenghan, who had just arrived from the main river, looked at the river and said, "What can I do?" His Majesty said, "When it collapses too much, we will definitely make a big move. Now we need to build a new support under the embankment and dig out several holes in the embankment. If the water slips back and flows in, it will be silted up, and then the dike will support the dike and merge into one river. The force of direct injection will kill the dike, so it can be guaranteed." From this, the dike is dangerously flat.

The river is silted up and shallow, and the water will have no embankments. Follow the Yellow River's clear water dragon method, remove the silt and install the embankments; build more stonework outside the city of Xuzhou, and add rotten rocks to the mouth of the rock base, so the city will be safe.

The water in the Wei River is weak and the watercraft is not in a good position, so we dig the ground to divert water to help defend ourselves. Its response can eliminate many such problems.

Tasting on the method of river management said: "The river carries sand along the way. The method of management should be to arouse its anger and straighten it to smooth its momentum, and bend it to kill its power. When guarding this bank, consider the other bank, and when controlling the upper reaches, Think downstream."

This is a famous saying in the world. Search for the Shandong Canal Road and adjust the Yanyi Caoji Road.

Due to oversight, he moved to the left. Then he begged for illness and returned home.

——(Selected from "Manuscripts of Qing History: Biography of Tang Shibi", with abridgements) Reference translation: Tang Shibi, courtesy name Zanchen, was from Jiangdu, Jiangsu, and was the grandson of the governor Tang Suizu. During the Qianlong period, he was awarded Nanheshan Xutongpan by virtue of his status as a Yinsheng.

He successively served as deputy prefect of Suhong, Tongpei, Lihe and Waihe. Because he was the best in river management performance evaluation, he was promoted to the prefect of Yunyang, Hubei Province.

Resigned from official position due to the death of his mother. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong's reign, the mourning period ended, which coincided with the Qinglonggang section of the Yellow River bursting. It was built many times and collapsed many times.

Agui, a bachelor, supervised the river management. Because Tang Shibu was familiar with river management, Shangshu transferred him to the construction site. Agui is discussing the plan to modify the river course with Zonghe, and it will be decided by his Majesty.

The Emperor Shi said: "Now all the water of the Yellow River is pouring downwards, which cannot be resisted by the earthen bank protection project. It is difficult to pull the water back to the right path against the water. As long as it is on the south bank, Opening a diversion channel a hundred miles upstream will not compete with the rapid water flow, and its overall water potential will be easier to control.

This is the best policy." So we decided to dig the diversion river in the Lanyang section. , go to Shangqiu and then return to Zhenghe. Shibi will be in charge of this matter.

After the project was completed, he was awarded by the emperor's decree. Your Majesty was promoted to Kaigui Dao.

At that time, the new river diversion embankment had just been built, and it was very dangerous for the small water flow to approach, so a new diversion river was opened at the Sixteenth Fort in Yifeng. When the big water flows here during the summer flood season, it is indeed divided into two branches: one flows from the new diversion river, and the other flows from the old city of Yifeng to the newly dug diversion river in Nanda.

A half-moon-shaped embankment was built in Maojiazhai, and a water-carrying dam was built in Qibao during the flood season in Suishui River. The water flowed down smoothly, and no floods broke through the embankment. In the 53rd year of Qianlong's reign, the Emperor's Majesty of the Tang Dynasty detected that the water potential of the Yellow River was about to change, and asked for the construction of additional embankments behind the Tongwaxiang Embankment. Lan Xidi, the general of the river, thought that he had carried out a large project for no reason and blamed him. After a firm request, he Permitted.

In the summer of the next year, the interior of the Tongwaxiang embankment collapsed, and the situation was in danger. Li Fenghan, the general of the river, had just arrived, inspected the river course, and asked: "What should we do?" His Majesty said: "When it collapses more, There will definitely be a major breach. Now the dike should be rebuilt at the bottom of the embankment, and a few feet should be dug inside to allow water to flow back (when water is blocked in its progress, a backflow phenomenon occurs).

After entering, the levee and the embankment will become one, and the power of the river water will be reduced, and the levee can be saved."

Zonghe Li Fenghan obeyed. His suggestion was to merge the two embankments into one and eliminate the danger. Lan Xidi said: "The reason why you were able to overcome the flood with unexpected tricks is that you built embankments in advance before the flood."

When your Majesty was an official in Tongpei, he also used a silt-safe device. Method; when he was in Suhong, the siltation of the Li River became shallow and the water would overflow the embankment. His Majesty imitated the Qingshuilong method of regulating the Yellow River, dredging its silt and ensuring the safety of the embankment, and added more buildings outside Xuzhou City. The stone work was done, and gravel was added to Shijizui, so that the city could avoid disasters. The water potential of the Wei River is weak, and the ships transporting grain through the water channel cannot sail smoothly, so water channels are dug to divert Qin water to increase the flow potential of the Wei River.

His response to changes and eliminating disasters is mostly similar to this situation. He once talked about river management methods and said: "The flow of river water holds sand and rocks hostage. The method of management should be to stop it and make it angry, then straighten the river channel to make its power unobstructed, and bend the river channel to weaken its power.

To defend this shore, we must take into account the other shore, and to govern the upper reaches, we must take into account the lower reaches." This is a saying that everyone in the world regards as a wise saying.

Soon he was appointed as Shandong Yunhe Daotai and transferred to Yanyi Caoji Daotai. Because the inspector made mistakes and was demoted, he asked to return to his hometown on the pretext of illness. 2. "Tang Ju's Translation of Fulfilling His Mission

Original Text

The King of Qin sent people to say to Lord Anling: "I want to use the land of five hundred miles to Anling. Lord Anling "I wish I could help you!" Lord Anling said, "It's very good for the great king to give you a small favor. Although I have received the land from the late king and am willing to keep it forever, I don't dare to change it!" Lord Anling sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin.

The King of Qin said to Tang Ju: "I have used a land of five hundred miles to change Anling. Lord Anling will not listen to me. Why? Qin will destroy Han and Wei, but the king will survive with a land of fifty miles. , I regard you as the elder, so I don't think so. Now I offer ten times the land to you, but if you are disobedient to me, you will treat me with contempt?" Tang Ju said to him, "No, that's not the case. The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju: "You have heard of the emperor's plan." Are you angry?" Tang Ju said to him, "I have never heard of it." The King of Qin said, "The emperor's anger caused millions of corpses to bleed for thousands of miles." Tang Ju said, "Have you ever heard of Bu Yi's anger?" The King of Qin said: "The commoner's anger is also the result of wearing his head without wearing a hat and grabbing his head (pronounced once)

Dier." Tang Ju said: "This is the anger of a mediocre man, not the anger of a scholar. When Fu Zhuanzhu stabbed Wang Liao, a comet hit the moon; when Nie Zheng stabbed Han Puppet, a white rainbow penetrated the sun; when Yao Li stabbed Qing Ji, the three sons were all in civilian clothes. The soldier, who was still angry, descended from the sky, and he and his ministers were killed. If the soldier was angry, two people would lie down, bleeding for five steps, and the world would be pure. This is the case today. " He stood up with his sword drawn.

The King of Qin looked at him, knelt down and thanked him and said: "Sir, sit down! Why is this! I have told you: Hu Han and Wei were destroyed, but Anling was only fifty miles away, Mr. Yiyou." also.

”

FU fú 雎jū 怫fú 跣xi?n 强qiang (pronounced aloud)

Puppetuī 祲jìn 缟g?o scratch náo Yuyù

Kneel down and thank him (Xie: ancient: apology; modern: thank you)

Anlingjun Qi Xu widowed (its: the tone in the sentence, expressing expectations or orders, equivalent to "certainly".)

The king favors the big and small, which is very good. p> Taking the king as the elder (with: preposition, handle)

I only have Mr. You (with: preposition, because)

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Translation

Qin Shihuang sent someone to say to Lord Anling: I want to use The land with a radius of five hundred miles is exchanged for Anling. Lord Anling must agree to it! Lord Anling said: "It is good for the king to give me a favor and exchange the big for the small. Even so, I accepted the fief from the late king and am willing to do so." He always guarded it and did not dare to exchange it! King Qin was unhappy, so King Anling sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin State.

King Qin said to Tang Ju: I will exchange the land of five hundred miles for Anling. Lord Anling didn’t listen to me. Why? Besides, Qin had destroyed South Korea and conquered Wei, but Lord Anling survived with a land of fifty miles. It’s because I regard Lord Anling as a loyal elder. , that’s why I didn’t take advantage of him. Now I use ten times the land of Anling to let Lord Anling expand his territory, but he goes against my wishes. Doesn’t that mean he despises me? Tang Ju replied: No, it’s not like you. This is what he said. Lord Anling accepted the fiefdom from the former king and defended it. Even the land with a radius of thousands of miles did not dare to be exchanged, let alone only five hundred miles.

King Qin was furious and turned to Tang Ju. Said: Have you ever heard that the emperor was angry? Tang Ju replied: I have never heard of it. The king of Qin said: The emperor was angry and caused millions of corpses to fall. Tang Ju said: Your Majesty has heard of it. Are ordinary people angry? King Qin said: When ordinary people are angry, they just take off their hats and bang their heads on the ground. Tang Ju said: This is the anger of mediocre and incompetent people, not the anger of talented and courageous people. When Zhuan Zhu assassinated King Liao of Wu, the comet's tail swept across the moon; when Nie Zheng assassinated Han Puppet, a white light shot straight to the sun; when Li was about to assassinate Qing Ji, the goshawk suddenly swooped down on the palace. They are all courageous people from common people. Before the anger in their hearts broke out, God sent a sign. Now, Zhuanzhu, Nie Zheng, and Yaoli will become four people if they are talented and courageous. If you must be angry, you will make the two bodies fall down and let the blood flow only five steps away. People all over the world must wear mourning clothes, so today they draw their swords and stand up to die together.

King Qin changed his expression, sat upright and apologized to Tang Ju: Sir, please sit down! Why does it have to come to this! I understand: why Korea and Wei perished, but Anling survived with fifty miles of land, just because of Mr. 3. Reading of classical Chinese Zhang Shenyan, courtesy name Jin Ming. Selected from Ming History. Biography No. 163 Answers

The content of Ming History Biography No. 163 includes the biography of Zhang Shenyan.

1. Original text: Zhang Shenyan, courtesy name Jinming, from Yangcheng. Zu Sheng participated in politics in Henan.

Carefully mention the Jinshi in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli. Except for the magistrate of Shouzhang County, there are many people who can speak.

The people of Cao County were transferred to Cao County, and the money was taken out of the treasury to buy millet to prepare for the shortage. The people relied on it to help them. During the Taichang period, he was promoted to censor.

More than a month later, Xizong ascended the throne. When the three cases were discussed at the meeting, he said cautiously: "The emperor summoned hundreds of workers, regardless of Zhang Chai's party affiliation, so it was all about the affection between father and son; however, treacherous plots must be uncovered, so the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers is clear.

When the late emperor practiced the trick, the trick of bewitchment was carried out. Cui Wensheng poured coolant when he was exhausted, and Li Kezhuo took red pills when he was in great danger. .

Whoever upholds the country and succeeds has reached this extreme! If Fu Dinghu weeps again, the tripod of the ancestral temple will be more important, and the hairpin and shoes of the late emperor will be light. Although the concubine Zheng in the temple moved first to look forward to it, she did not move to the palace immediately after choosing her attendants, so she planned to wait for her.

No matter what, Jia Jichun was condemned for inviting Anxuan to serve, so he was careful to resist and save him. The emperor was angry and took away his salary for two years.

At the beginning of the Apocalypse, he went out to the governor Ji to help cultivate the fields. He said: "Between Tianjin, Jinghai, and Xingji, there are thousands of hectares of fertile fields that can be cultivated into fields. I know Lu Guanxiang cultivated more than 3,000 acres of farmland, and his ditches and houses The method of planting and dredging can be followed if the plow is available."

Because there are five methods: official type, tenant type, civilian type, military type, and village type. He also said: "Guangning was lost, and no less than a million people from the Liao Dynasty migrated to the customs.

It is advisable to recruit people from Jinmen to cultivate the uncultivated fields with homeless people." The edict followed.

He tried to recommend Zhao Nanxing, but impeached Feng Quan, and Quan was greatly hated. In March of the fifth year, Shen Yan returned home on false pretenses, and Quan, who belonged to Cao Qin, was impeached and falsely accused of stealing three thousand silver from Cao County's treasury.

Emperor Zhuang Lie ascended the throne and pardoned him. He became an official in the first year of Chongzhen.

I will be in charge of the capital inspection. Please punish those who are charming and rebellious first, and then the rest will be examined and rewarded. He was promoted to the Grand Servant Shaoqing, Taichang Qing, and the Right Minister of the Ministry of Punishment.

Jie Geng was as stubborn as Qi Jie, and he failed to fulfill his purpose. He was appointed as an official by Han Jisi, the minister, and he was dismissed from his post. After a long time, he was called the right minister of the Ministry of Industry.

The state was short of funds, so the court discussed mining, drum casting, farming, and salt law. Shen Yan repeatedly sparse Chen Zou, knowing the basic plan.

The great scholar Yang Sichang discussed changing the positions of prefecture and county assistants to Lianbei and Lianzong. He was careful in his words to make changes in order to control big things. From Zuo Shilang, he moved to Nanjing to be the Minister of Household Affairs. Qishu cited illness and refused to allow it.

He changed the position of Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and took charge of the censor affairs of the right capital. In March of the seventeenth year, the capital fell.

In May, King Fu came to Nanjing and ordered Shen Yan to manage the affairs of the ministry. The Ten Discussions on Zhongxing: It is called Jie Town, it is called Qin Lai, it is called Kaitun, it is called rebellion, it is called false life, it is called commendation, it is called reward for merit, it is called abolishment, it is called punishment of corruption, and it is called taxation.

Everyone appreciates it. At that time, he abolished his status and recommended Wu Zong and Zheng Sanjun cautiously.

It was decided by the great scholar Gao Hongtu that the three heroes would not allow it. The honorable ministers Liu Kongzhao, Zhao Zhilong and others came to court one day, and everyone criticized the court, saying that Shen Yan and his uncle were treacherous and evil, and they were all over the palace.

Luo Wanxiang said to Luo Wanxiang in the matter: "Shen Yan has been here all his life, and he has always had a clear hope. How can he be accused of being a traitor?" Kong Zhao and others fell to the ground and cried bitterly, saying that Shen Yan was not as good as the military ministers in his promotion. There was a lot of quarrel. He also spoke sparingly and carefully and slandered the three heroes.

And it is said: "Be careful with what you say. When you are standing in front of someone, it is difficult to have two minds. Your majesty has seen your fate, and be careful with what you say to conceal the crime of deception.

Be careful with what you say and make clear distinctions. Because he begged for a break, Wanxiang said: "The first person to be ennobled is from the four towns.

The capital camp was newly reorganized and two towns were added, so there was no need to use force. In the past years, how much leniency was given to the military officials by the former emperor, and how could the military officials repay the former emperor? The ancestral system uses votes to return to the cabinet ministers, and the officials who participate in the refutation are not allowed to appoint ministers to correct and impeach.

Let the noble ministers be corrected and impeached at the same time, and the civil servants can win and chase! "Shi Kefa said: "It is not inappropriate to speak carefully and make recommendations. The ministers cried bitterly and shouted, extinguishing the law and order, fearing that the arrogant and fierce soldiers would despise the court.

Sunfan, the censor king, said: "The appointment of people is the responsibility of the official department. However, the imperial court humiliated the tomb chief.

Hongtu and others also thought that they could not control the civil and military affairs, so they all begged for leave and refused. Since he was still alive, Shen Yan begged for help and was given the title of Taibao to protect his son.

Shanxi was surrounded by thieves. Shen Yan was homeless and lived between Wuhu and Xuancheng. He died at the age of sixty-nine due to gangrene on his back. He was married to his grandmother and became the imperial censor. Years to report.

In the 15th year of Chongzhen's reign, the thieves fell into Yangcheng and died.

After hearing this, he gave it to the censor. 2. Translation: Zhang Shenyan. , named Jinming, was born in Yangcheng.

His grandfather Zhang Sheng participated in politics in Henan Province. Shenyan passed the imperial examination in the 38th year of Wanli period (1610) and was first appointed as the magistrate of Shouzhang County. He became famous for his talents. Later, after he was transferred to Fancao County, he used his treasury money to purchase rice to prepare for disaster relief. Later, the harvest in Fancao County was poor for several consecutive years, and the people relied on this rice to tide over the difficulties.

During the Taichang period, Shenyan was promoted to censor, and a month later, Xizong ascended the throne. At that time, the court was concentrating on the "Three Cases", and Shen Yan wrote a letter saying: "Emperor Shenzong summoned all officials and told everyone not to pursue Zhang Cha's associates. This was to preserve the friendship between father and son; but their conspiracy must be exposed. , in order to show the great righteousness between the emperor and his ministers. After the emperor Guangzong came to the throne, one side was fanning the flames, and the other side immediately implemented the treacherous plot of poisonous bait. First, Cui Wensheng took advantage of the former emperor's weakness to administer laxatives, and then Li Ke Zhuo offered red pills to the emperor when he was dying. They should be dismembered according to law, but the court rewarded them with gold and silver. Who was in control of the country and got this situation? As for Dinghu? She shed tears twice and insisted that the ancestral temple sacrifices should be regarded as a major event, while treating the life of the former emperor as a trivial matter. It was really outrageous. In addition, Shenzong's Concubine Zheng moved out of the main palace first to establish the prestige of the court, and the selected servants did not move to the palace immediately. How about it?" Soon after, Jia Jichun was demoted because he requested to appoint another servant. Shenyan wrote a letter to protest against the situation. Xizong was angry and deducted his salary for two years.

In the early years of the Apocalypse, Shenyan went out to manage the farmland in the suburbs of the capital. He wrote a letter saying: "The vast tracts of fertile fields in Tianjin, Jinghai, and Xingji can all be reclaimed into good farmland. In recent years, Tongzhi Lu Guanxiang has reclaimed three fields. With more than a thousand acres, the ditches, house layout methods and planting and water diversion methods he planned are all ready for implementation." Shenyan then listed five types: official types, tenant types, civilian types, military types, and village types. He also said that after the fall of Guangning, the people of Liaodong moved around, and less than a million people came to pass. They should be summoned to Jinmen, and these homeless people should be used to cultivate this uncultivated land. The court The edict was agreed. Shen Yan once wrote a letter recommending Zhao Nanxing to impeach Feng Quan. Feng Quan was extremely angry. In March of the fifth year (1625), after Shen Yan asked for leave and returned, Feng Quan asked Cao Qincheng to write a letter to impeach him, falsely accusing him of stealing the royal family. Cao County's treasury of 3,000 silver, so the imperial court ordered the governor to pursue the stolen goods, and Shen Yan was made redundant. 4. Classical Chinese, Shibi of the Tang Dynasty, courtesy name Zanchen

Original text:

Shibi of the Tang Dynasty, courtesy name Zanchen, was a native of Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province, and the grandson of the governor of Sui. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Yinsheng was awarded the title of "Nanhe Shanxu Tongpan". He successively served as Tongzhi of Suhong, Tongpei, Lihe and Waihe. He was promoted to the magistrate of Yunyang, Hubei Province based on his performance in river control. His mother was worried about leaving the official position. In the forty-seventh year, after serving Qian, Huihe broke through Qinglonggang and built and destroyed it many times. A Gui, a great scholar, supervised the administration and served his majesty to learn about river affairs and dispatched people to work. A Guifang discussed with Zonghe how to change the river, and decided to turn to his Majesty, who said: "Today, the whole river is bet, and it is beyond the reach of Tucheng. It is difficult to reverse the course and return to the right path. But it is a hundred miles upstream on the south bank." If we open the river to divert it, we won't have to contend with the rapids, and its overall momentum will be easily controlled. This is the best strategy." So we decided to open the river in Lanyang and return to the Zhenghe River in Shangqiu to serve your Majesty and take charge of his affairs. The work was completed and he was rewarded by the imperial edict. Open the way back home. At that time, the new diversion river dike was just completed, and it was very dangerous to slip away. So the diversion river was added at the Sixteenth Fort of Yifeng. When the summer floods come, the fruit is divided into two groups: one is from the Xinyin River, and the other is from the Zengyin River in the south of the old city of Yifeng. They also built a moon embankment in Maojiazhai and built a water-carrying dam in Suixun Qibao. The water flow was smooth and there was no breach. In the fifty-third year, it is estimated that the river situation will change. Please build an additional embankment behind the Tongwaxiang embankment. The main river in Lanxi is difficult to carry out large-scale construction for no reason. It is okay to ask for it. In the summer of the following year, the interior of the copper-tiled chamber collapsed and the situation was in jeopardy. When Li Fenghan arrived at the main river, he looked at the river and said, "What can I do?" His Majesty said, "When it collapses too much, we will have to make a big move. Now we need to build a new support at the bottom of the embankment and dig a few feet into the embankment to allow the water to slip back in." If the river is flooded, it will be silted up, and then the dike will support the embankment and merge into a river. The force of direct injection will kill the embankment, so it can be saved." From this, the embankment is dangerously flat. Xidi said: "The one who wins by surprise is to build a dike in advance." During the time of Tongpei, the former official of your Majesty, he also used the method of silting the danger; and at the time of Suhong, the river was silted up and the water was almost submerged. Embankment, follow the method of clear water dragon in the Yellow River, dredge the silt and install the embankment; add more stonework outside the city of Xuzhou, add more rotten stones at the mouth of the rock base, and the city will be safe. The water in the Weihe River is weak and the canals are not in a good position, so the ground is dug to divert water to aid the defense. Its response can eliminate many such problems. On the way to regulate rivers, he said: "The river carries sand along with it. The method of governance should be to stimulate the sand and make it straight to smooth its momentum, and to bend it to kill its power. To guard this bank, consider the other bank, and to control the upper reaches, consider the lower reaches." This is a famous saying in the world. . Search for the Shandong Canal Road and adjust the Yanyi Caoji Road. Due to an oversight, he moved to the left. Then he begged for illness and returned home.

——(Selected from "Manuscripts of Qing History: Biography of Tang Shibi", with abridgements)

Reference translation:

Tang Shibi, courtesy name Zanchen, was a native of Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province, and was the governor of Tang Suizu. grandson. During the Qianlong period, he was awarded Nanheshan Xutongpan by virtue of his status as a Yinsheng. He successively served as deputy prefect of Suhong, Tongpei, Lihe and Waihe. Because he was the best in river management performance evaluation, he was promoted to the prefect of Yunyang, Hubei Province. Resigned from official position due to the death of his mother. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong's reign, the mourning period ended, which coincided with the Qinglonggang section of the Yellow River bursting. It was built many times and collapsed many times. Academician Agui supervised the river management. Since Tang Shibu was familiar with river management, Shangshu transferred him to the construction site. Agui is discussing the plan to modify the river course with Zonghe, and it will be decided by his Majesty. His Majesty said: "Now all the water of the Yellow River is pouring downward, which cannot be resisted by the earthen bank protection project. It is difficult to lead the water back to the right path. As long as the water is diverted a hundred miles upstream of the south bank, The river will not compete with the rapid water flow, and its overall water flow will be easier to control. This is the best policy." So it was decided to dig the Lanyang section of the river and then merge it into the main river at Shangqiu, with Shibi taking overall responsibility. this matter. After the project was completed, he was awarded by the emperor's decree. Your Majesty was promoted to Kaigui Dao. At that time, the new diversion embankment had just been built, and it was very dangerous for the small water flow to approach, so a new diversion dike was opened at the Sixteenth Fort in Yifeng. When the big water flows here during the summer flood season, it is indeed divided into two branches: one flows from the new diversion river, and the other flows from the old city of Yifeng to the newly dug diversion river in Nanda. A half-moon-shaped embankment was also built in Maojiazhai, and a water-carrying dam was built in Qibao during the flood season in Suishui. The water flowed smoothly down, and no floods broke through the embankment. In the 53rd year of Qianlong's reign, the Emperor's Majesty of the Tang Dynasty detected that the water potential of the Yellow River was about to change, and asked for the construction of additional embankments behind the Tongwaxiang Embankment. Lan Xidi, the general of the river, thought that he had carried out a large project for no reason and blamed him. After a firm request, he Permitted. In the summer of the next year, the interior of the Tongwaxiang embankment collapsed, and the situation was in danger. Li Fenghan, the general river, had just arrived, inspected the river course, and asked: "What should we do?" His Majesty said: "When it collapses more, there will be a big collapse. Now we should build a new support embankment at the lower entrance of the embankment, and dig a few feet inside to allow the water to flow back (when water is blocked in its progress, a backflow phenomenon occurs). After entering, the embankment will be silted up. The embankments will be merged into one, and the force of the river's direct flow will be reduced, and the embankment can be saved." Li Fenghan followed his suggestion, and the two embankments were merged into one, and the danger was eliminated. Lan Xidi said: "The reason why you were able to overcome the flood with unexpected tricks is that you built dikes in advance before the flood." When he was an official in Tongpei, he also used the method of placing silt hazards; and when he was in Suhong, , the siltation of the Li River became shallow, and the water would overflow the embankment. Shibi imitated the Qingshui Dragon method of regulating the Yellow River, dredging its silt and ensuring the safety of the embankment. More masonry was built outside Xuzhou City, and more gravel was added at Shijizui. The stone saved the city from disaster. The water potential of the Wei River is weak, and the ships transporting grain through the water channel cannot sail smoothly, so water channels are dug to divert Qin water to increase the flow potential of the Wei River. He responds to changes and eliminates disasters mostly like this. He once talked about river management methods and said: "The flow of river water holds sand and rocks hostage. The method of management should be to block it and make it angry, then straighten the river channel to make its power unobstructed, and bend the river channel to weaken its power. To defend this bank is to "We must consider the other side, and when we manage the upstream, we must consider the downstream." This is a saying that everyone in the world regards as a wise saying. Soon after, he was appointed as Shandong Yunhe Daotai and transferred to Yanyi Caoji Daotai. Because the inspector made mistakes and was demoted, he asked to return to his hometown on the pretext of illness. 5. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions

Subtopic 1: B) Subtopic 1: A Subtopic 1: B Subtopic 1: (1) It is exactly what people call the palace. The Emperor is thousands of miles away, so even if he wanted to make suggestions, he would have no way to start.

(1 point each for "yu", "you", and sentence meaning.) (2) The monarch goes to the court to listen to government affairs when the sun comes up, and after retreating from the court, he goes to the road bed to handle political affairs.

(1 point each for "Shi Chao", "Suitable" and the meaning of the sentence.) (3) I hope that the emperor will imitate the ancestors from afar and learn from Xiaozong from afar, so as to completely eradicate the shortcomings of blocking the diaphragm in modern times.

(1 point each for “WEI”, “Dharma”, “Yu Se” and the meaning of the sentence.) Question 1: (Xiang: imitate.

Small question 1: (③ is the author’s point of view; ④ is the regret left by Xiaozong’s death; ⑥ is the author’s suggestion.) Small question 1: (It is not “the internal dynasty system has always been lacking”, but The Inner Dynasty system has not been restored. It can be seen from the article "Isn't it a legacy of the Inner Dynasty?"