The influence of Confucianism on modern education 1 Confucius' educational thought is reflected in The Analects of Confucius. "Being in politics" is the purpose of Confucius' teaching, that is, "learning to be excellent is to be an official". Therefore, under the influence of Confucius' educational thought, China's traditional educational system aims at cultivating talents who can run the country in peace and security. In modern terms, majors are consistent, and there is no problem of professional counterparts. Confucius also put benevolence and politics together and said a famous saying, "If you want to stand, you will stand, and if you want to succeed, you will succeed", which was widely circulated by later Confucianism. "Self-denial is benevolence" is Confucius' most famous answer to how to reach the level of "benevolence". "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, don't move." Everything conforms to the code of conduct, which is its specific requirement.
On the basis of Confucius' educational thought, China's traditional education is actually a political thought that aims at cultivating "officials" and realizes "self-denial and serving the public" by means of "benevolence" and "wisdom", which should be of progressive significance at that time. But it is not advisable for Confucius to put too much emphasis on politics. Talents from all walks of life are indispensable in modern times. Therefore, we should learn from each other critically, so as to find an education system that really suits our national conditions, people's laziness, the current new situation and the sustainable development of economy, society, culture and education, so as to cultivate corresponding social talents. Confucius spent most of his life in the education of preaching, teaching and solving doubts. He trained a large number of well-read students, accumulated rich teaching experience, created effective teaching methods, summarized and advocated a set of correct learning principles, and put forward and formed a series of relatively complete and far-reaching educational ideas, such as teaching all students in accordance with their aptitude, inspiring and inducing, and combining learning with thinking. These theories were not only put into practice at that time.
First, there is no education for all.
Confucius advocated "teaching without class". He advocates that everyone can receive education regardless of rich or poor, high or low, region, nationality and other conditions. He was the first person who advocated education equality in the history of education in China. The implementation of the idea of "no child left behind" has broken the government's bondage to learning, expanded the social foundation of education and the source of talents, moved the culture down and accelerated the flow of knowledge, which undoubtedly played a positive role in improving the quality of all members of society. "Education without class", that is, education equity, is a key link to conform to the historical development trend, promote the prosperity and stability of the Chinese nation and promote the construction of a harmonious society. In our country, while meeting the needs of some objects to receive good education, we should also make necessary educational compensation for the disadvantaged "vulnerable groups" in time. We should take basic education as the top priority, especially the nine-year compulsory education in rural areas. At the same time, we should strive to promote the coordinated development of basic education and vocational education, adult education and higher education, and adhere to the balanced allocation of educational resources between regions and schools. We will increase educational support for poor areas and ethnic minority areas, further expand educational equity, and comprehensively improve the quality of the people.
Second, the heuristic teaching thought
Confucius is an educator who initiated heuristic teaching in the history of ancient education in China. He said, "No anger, no anger, no anger. If you don't take a corner, if you use three corners instead, you will no longer. " From the Analects of Confucius, we can see that he is very kind to students and always answers their questions seriously. In order to make students understand thoroughly, he always inspires and induces students with simple truth, which benefits them a lot. Confucius once said: "A gentleman is at a loss on earth, and his righteousness is unparalleled." This is telling students to act according to morality, that is, don't deliberately force them, don't object unreasonably, and treat them equally regardless of distance. Confucius' heuristic education method is very enlightening to our present education. For a long time, it is not uncommon for many of our teachers to talk about the last situation in class. Students have no room for thinking and no time to learn and digest by themselves. In the classroom, "subject" becomes "object" and students become containers for passively accepting knowledge; This really violates the teaching rules. We should learn and understand Confucius' heuristic education thought, attach importance to students' active learning, inspire and induce like Confucius, and fully embody and respect students' subjectivity.
Third, the educational method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Confucius is a unique educational method of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", which is unmatched by educators at all times and all over the world. The key to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is to have a profound and comprehensive understanding of students, accurately grasp the characteristics of students in all aspects, and then carry out targeted education. Confucius paid great attention to observing and studying students in his usual educational activities. His methods include "listening to what he says and observing what he does", that is, understanding comprehensively by observing and talking with students. In teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, Confucius learned about each student's personal situation and family situation. Then, according to each student's acceptance ability, we should educate them according to the situation. In today's market economy era, many teachers often take a second job after class, which distracts their teaching energy and prevents them from getting to know students better. At the same time, with the continuous merger and expansion of colleges and universities, the construction of new campuses in many schools has isolated students and teachers from each other. Many teachers have to leave school immediately in order to catch the bus after class, which reduces the opportunities for communication between teachers and students.
Fourth, explain the relationship between learning and thinking.
The close combination of learning and thinking is an important starting point of Confucius' educational principles. Confucius said, "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous." Learning and thinking are two aspects of learning activities, and learning without thinking is bound to get nothing; On the contrary, if you think too much and don't study, you will inevitably get into trouble. Confucius emphasized the unity of learning and thinking, and the combination of perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge. The learning method of combining learning with thinking is the most emphasized and valued by Confucius. He is good at infiltrating and guiding students' learning methods and cultivating their good study habits.
Confucius pioneered ancient education in China and provided many valuable experiences for modern education in China, from which we should get inspiration, enlightenment and reasonable absorption. For the immature and conservative parts, we should improve them to adapt to social development, better serve the modernization of education and promote the reform and new leap of education in China.
The essence of Confucius' educational thought is superfluous, so we should take its essence and discard its dross. Therefore, the task of contemporary education should be to learn from Confucius' traditional educational thought, keep pace with the times, adapt to the requirements of the times, seek innovation on the basis of tradition, seek development in the inheritance of tradition, and finally form a new concept of contemporary education that is derived from tradition and superior to tradition, so as to make our quality education and new curriculum reform better and more perfect.
The influence of confucianism on modern education. The Influence of Confucian Ethical Culture on Family Education in Contemporary China
Confucian ethics not only had an important influence on the feudal families in China for thousands of years, but also extended to our contemporary families. Contemporary family education should not only keep pace with the times and realize modern education, but also take the essence of traditional culture and discard its dross.
1 Mature Confucian ethics has a positive impact on family education in later generations.
In China's traditional family, there is a set of mature and complete ethical thought system, which is deeply rooted in people's hearts and does not change with the times or dynasties, but continues to this day through education. The way of thinking, values and codes of conduct contained in Confucian ethical culture show unparalleled vitality and have a strong historical and national character. His admiration for the harmony between man and nature and his emphasis on the humanistic spirit not only influenced the ancient family education, but also profoundly influenced the contemporary family education.
1. 1 Know filial piety and filial family view.
Knowing filial piety is the core of China's traditional ethical culture. "Filial piety" refers to respecting and repaying parents; "Xun" refers to friendly brothers, including friendship with friends. Confucian ethical culture holds that filial piety and filial piety are not dogmas mechanically applied, but "love" for cultivating people's harmony, which is the core of humanistic spirit and the foundation of being a man and doing things. For thousands of years, the concept of filial piety has been rooted in thousands of families in China. Parents are role models around their children. The vast majority of parents not only respect and filial piety the older generation, but also actively educate the next generation with Confucianism. This way of teaching by example is very beneficial to contemporary society and the growth of the next generation.
1.2 view of harmonious life
China's traditional culture pays attention to "harmony is the most important thing" and "harmony is the most important thing", even in business, it pursues "harmony is the most important thing". The important content of traditional family education includes not only the love between family members, but also the peaceful coexistence with the outside world. The traditional idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature has cultivated China people's peace-loving and friendly character. Compared with family education in China today, life education has many shortcomings. For example, many families are only children, and the excessive care of parents and grandparents can easily make children form selfish and indifferent characters. Such children don't know how to respect their elders at home, but they are self-centered outside and don't know how to live in harmony with their surroundings. Confucian ethics of harmonious coexistence also has a place in our contemporary family education. Modern society is a competitive society, full of material desires, physiological desires and other desires. Behind the hustle and bustle of the world, what is needed is truth, goodness and beauty, and the sincere and harmonious connection between man and nature, man and man, and man and id. Therefore, in the current family education, in addition to cultivating children's sense of competition and independence, it is also very important to cultivate the idea of harmonious coexistence. After all, no parents want their children to be cold-blooded in the future.
1.3 Honesty and trustworthiness
Honesty is one of the important viewpoints of Confucian ethical culture, and it is also an important content of traditional family education. "Ceng Zi teaches children by killing pigs" is a good example. On the one hand, educate children to be honest and not to lie. On the other hand, Ceng Zi strictly requires himself to set an example, such as "I ask myself three times a day: Have you ever cheated others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " (The Analects of Confucius). Contemporary family education contains a wide range of contents, and honesty education is indispensable. In the process of children's growth, honesty and trustworthiness not only affect their code of conduct in dealing with people, but also affect their mentality in life. Honest and trustworthy children face life with a positive attitude. They are honest with others and are willing to believe that others will help them when they are in trouble. Children who lie all the time always have a sense of insecurity in their lives. They are easily jealous, suspicious and distrustful of others. Therefore, honesty education plays an important role in contemporary family education. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the education of children in this respect and establish a sense of honesty and trustworthiness; On the other hand, we should strengthen our role as an example. In many demonstration things, teaching by example is far better than teaching by words.
1.4 Spiritual benefits of self-cultivation
The cultivation mentioned here mainly refers to etiquette education. China is known as the "State of Etiquette" in the world. Paying attention to etiquette education is not only a fine tradition of traditional family education, but also plays a certain role in the historical inheritance of Chinese etiquette culture. Confucius once said: "A gentleman doesn't think about eating enough and being safe. If he is sensitive to things and careful about what he says, he will have an appropriate method. " (The Analects of Confucius) Educating people by courtesy is not only conducive to the cultivation of children's good character, but also conducive to standardizing parents' speech acts. Parents are educating their children to be polite and cultured, and at the same time, their own behavior norms are also improving.
2 the negative factors behind the positive influence
2. 1 conformism, lack of innovative spirit.
Many families in China will inevitably say that "China culture has a long history and is profound" when educating their children about "China culture". Although it is true, it will inevitably make children feel arrogant and think that China's culture is good, resulting in a kind of psychology of blindly following the ancient times, worshiping the ancient times and sticking to the rules. This kind of psychology is not conducive to children's psychological growth and will hinder the cultivation of innovative consciousness.
2.2 the doctrine of the mean, weak sense of competition
The doctrine of the mean contains two meanings: one is the inner ethics thought, that is, the inner spirit of human beings; Second, the external behavior, that is, appropriate and timely, conforms to the human code of conduct. But now many people can't understand the deep meaning of the doctrine of the mean, but only stay in the superficial sense, such as "compromise and reconciliation" in general. Although there is nothing wrong with this understanding, some of our parents will inevitably have deviations if they are not proficient in learning. It leads the next generation to mistakenly understand the doctrine of the mean as mediocrity and impartiality, and maintain the middle position. This biased thinking will in turn affect the formation of children's competitive consciousness, which is not conducive to their development in modern commercial society.
2.3 Foolish loyalty and filial piety, with a strong autocratic atmosphere.
Our natural living environment has created a farming culture that values men over women, resulting in the hierarchical concept of "respecting the humble and respecting the humble" and the feudal ethics of the three cardinal principles and the five permanent members. In our traditional culture, we pay attention to respecting and loving the elderly, which has caused inequality between the old and the young to a certain extent, and may give birth to a serious authoritarian atmosphere in the family, so that children can't feel the democratic atmosphere from an early age and are blindly loyal and filial.
Second, the enlightenment of Confucian ethical culture to contemporary family education.
Due to the unique social and historical conditions in China, Confucian ethical culture has become a unity of coexistence of essence and dross, positive factors and negative factors. In the face of traditional Confucianism, our family education usually has two extreme views: one is completely negative and blind from the outside; Second, overall affirmation and arrogance. This negative cultural phenomenon exists not only in ordinary families, but also in the hearts of many people in China. Faced with this situation, we can't avoid talking about it. We should calm our minds and overcome them step by step. Contemporary families should critically inherit and develop Confucian ethical culture. On the one hand, we should realize that Confucian ethical culture is an important part of China's traditional culture, and it is the axis to maintain China's family and social stability. But it was born in slave society, developed in feudal society and served the royal power. It must have its own spiritual and cultural thoughts that are not in line with the promotion of contemporary society. Therefore, family education should be objective and dialectical, take its essence and discard its dross. On the other hand, when educating children, we should not only stay on words and deeds, but also pay attention to setting an example and strive to be a good example. Only when our parents fully realize the rational part of Confucian ethical culture in thought, deeply practice its concept guidance in action and achieve the unity of thought and action, can our family education achieve good results and be called successful family education.
Third, summary.
From the moment of birth, we have been receiving education, family education, compulsory education, higher education and so on. Even now prenatal education is popular. Family education plays a fundamental role in all kinds of education in life. With proper family education, children have a strong advantage in future life development; Improper family education is not only not conducive to children's growth, but also may endanger society, with endless legacy. Throughout ancient and modern times, Confucian ethical culture has played an axial role in the family environment in various periods and has become a model of family education. We have to admire the strong vitality and infinite inclusiveness of Confucianism, but the birth of any thought has its specific background and limitations, as mentioned above. Therefore, in terms of ethical education, contemporary family education should make rational use of the positive factors in Confucian ethical thoughts for our use.