ID: Noble49 13
Learn a little world modern design history every day, which is suitable for study, postgraduate entrance examination, work and other purposes, and the dry goods are full!
? Similarity of "Art Nouveau Movement" in European countries;
I have mentioned it many times, so please remember.
Are opposed to the pretentious Victorian style
They are all manifestations of anxiety about machinery and industrial style.
Adopted the form of naturalism.
Oppose the use of straight lines
Being teased by critics? "Noodle" and "Worm" (poof)
but
The specific expression is different in different places.
One of the most extreme religious Art Nouveau movements;
Mediterranean coastal areas, especially southern Spain and Barcelona.
One of the most important representatives of the Spanish Art Nouveau movement, and perhaps the only one;
Architect Antonio Gaudi
? His whole life:
Gaudi was born in a humble coppersmith family, the son of an ordinary craftsman.
Congenital poor health, suffering from pneumonia all his life (? )
but
Gaudi studied hard and thought hard since childhood.
/kloc-at the age of 0/7, Gaudi studied architecture in Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia.
Because of his poor family, he had to work in a construction company in his spare time to support his study and life.
He is not a particularly outstanding student at school, but his basic skills are quite solid.
In the last period of college, he has begun to break away from conventional building codes and pursue his own development direction.
He was regarded by professors as either a genius or a madman, and he was regarded as such all his life.
? Psychologically speaking, Gaudi is quite civilian:
He has always felt that he is a civilian and an ordinary person.
He didn't wake up until he was seriously injured by a car.
When it was discovered that people had recognized him as a master architect and wanted to transfer him from a civilian hospital to a senior hospital.
He said:
"My position is here, among the poor."
This reflects Gaudi's ambivalence:
Spiritual aristocrats and emotional civilians
Gaudi's design was inspired by a large number of books he read widely.
So, aren't you going to start reading? )
Among the books that Gaudi is familiar with, the works of French architect violette Le Duque have a great influence on him.
Duke's works mainly describe and introduce:
11~1French architecture in the 3rd century
Become the "Bible" of young architects at that time.
Barcelona is the economic center of Spain.
It is also the center of art and design.
Barcelona has a strong economic strength and a free ideological atmosphere.
Its artistic and architectural design style is also very independent, and Gaudi will naturally be affected.
? Gaudi's career:
At first: "Moorish style stage"
Most of the works in this period have strong characteristics of Arabian Moorish style.
Typical design:
Wensen apartment
A large number of glazed tiles are used for mosaic decoration on the wall of this design.
This is Gaudi's first Moorish building.
His patron's father:
Entrepreneur Curie family
? From 65438 to 0883, Gaudi designed the first project for Madame Curie.
This is a hunting lodge in Garaf.
The style is similar to Vinson's apartment, and influenced by Moore's style.
? 1884, who designed Madame Curie's residence in Barcelona.
Moore style is still strong.
But something special happened:
The gate of residential park has a strong "organic style" and expressionism characteristics.
He turned the horse into a library, although he adopted a large number of "Art Nouveau" sports styles popular at that time.
(This building is now the Technical and Architectural Institute in Barcelona), traces of neo-Gothism can still be seen everywhere.
In many buildings that Gaudi later designed for Madame Curie, a mixture of neo-Gothic and neo-artistic styles can be seen.
? 1886, he began to design the main residence in Barcelona for Madame Curie.
A huge palace-style building
A large number of metal parts made by metal casting process have strong characteristics of "Art Nouveau Movement".
? Gaudi gradually got rid of the influence of pure Gothic style from middle age and walked out of his own style.
His new style is organic, mysterious and legendary at the same time.
Many decorative patterns are very symbolic.
? 1898, he designed a house for the Calvey family in Barcelona.
This is an important turning point in his style change.
? Curie Park is a very important design project of Gaudi, and it is also an unfinished design project.
The idea of the park was put forward by Madame Curie, who was very interested in English gardens.
Gaudi took advantage of this opportunity to try to design a park in harmony with the surrounding rural environment.
But in the whole grand design plan, he only completed two buildings.
His ground is inlaid with the painting features of the later Barcelona artist Joan Miró.
His paintings are three-dimensional and expressed through architecture.
The decoration creativity is full of children's imagination and innocence.
? 1904- 1906, Gaudi designed Bartolo apartment in Barcelona.
This project further developed his imagination in Curie Park.
The shape of the house symbolizes the sea and marine animals.
This building marks the formation of his personal style.
? Another apartment he designed at the same time:
Mira apartment?
Due to the extreme style, it caused the anger of Barcelona citizens at that time.
The newspaper attacked the design with various nicknames such as "Bug, Rhubarb Honeycomb".
This apartment is completely organic and is the extreme work of Art Nouveau.
No matter the appearance or interior, including furniture, try to avoid using straight lines and planes.
The whole building is like a melting ice impact.
? What does this project show?
The "Art Nouveau" movement's strong aversion to machinery.
A strong challenge to industrialization
... an aversion to excessive Victorian decoration.
And Barcelona people's bold exploration of form
A high tolerance for new styles.
Catalan people's rich imagination and creativity.
Mira apartment is very helpful to understand the ideological essence and formal characteristics of "Art Nouveau" movement style.
From 65438 to 0984, Mira Apartment was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO and opened to the public.
? Among all Gaudi's designs, the most important one is that he has invested for 43 years.
And it's not finished yet.
Sagrada Familia Church
The organic structure and appearance of this church boldly challenged the industrialized style that pervaded the world at that time.
Although this challenge is weak and isolated, it is very severe in Barcelona.
It has been more than 90 years since Gaudi died.
But his influence still exists.
Especially in the post-modernism period.
His style has been used for reference by a new generation of designers as a symbol that can compete with internationalism and modernism.
Whenever I mention such a master, my heart will always be touched.
Their whole lives
Our lives
Where to go?
"When I left, I looked back not far away.
Desolate town, waiting for the arrival of the wind
Never say goodbye now, and never say goodbye in a few years.
Even the tea is cold, and the wine is cold.
I will raise my glass when I succeed.
Drink jade liquid to celebrate success.
Look back at parents' faces.
Already pale face "
▲
sigh
The content of this issue comes from the official account of WeChat WeChat: Notes on the History of Modern World Design.
ID: Noble49 13
Learn a little world modern design history every day, which is suitable for study, postgraduate entrance examination, work and other purposes, and the dry goods are full!