1, everyone knows that beauty is beauty, and evil is already; As we all know, good is good, and poor is self-sufficient. Therefore, whether there is or not, whether it is difficult or difficult, whether it is long or short, whether it is high or low (2), whether it is sound or sound, it is constant. (Chapter II)
Note (1) surplus: concentrated
interpret
People all think that "beautiful things" are beautiful, and the concept of appreciating ugliness arises from this; As we all know, good is good, so the concept of evil comes into being. Therefore, existence and nothingness are mutually transformed, difficult and difficult, long and short, high and low complementary, sound and harmony, and go hand in hand-this is eternity.
2, not Shang Xian, so that the people do not dispute; Expensive and rare goods, so that people do not steal; If you can't see what you want, you can keep people's hearts in order. Can be ruled by saints, hollowing out their hearts, strengthening their bellies, weakening their aspirations and strengthening their bones. Often people are ignorant and have no desire, and they dare not do it if they know their husbands. If they do nothing, they will die. (Chapter III)
interpret
Do not respect the social status of sages and wise men, so that people will not have disputes; Don't advertise those rare properties as precious, so people won't have the heart to steal; Don't emphasize things that can arouse people's desires, so that people's hearts will not be chaotic.
Therefore, the wise man's way of governing the country is: to make people feel empty and enrich their abdominal strength; Weaken people's excessive planning and improve bone strength; Let the people leave less consideration and desire, and let those resourceful people dare not do anything. Do things with sincerity instead of confusing the people with gorgeous superficial articles, so there is no reason not to govern well.
This idea of governing by doing nothing is the main political thought of Taoism, which is backward today, but it has played an important role in a certain historical period.
3. Kindness is like water. Water is good, beneficial to all things and quiet, and evil to all (1), so it is a minority. (Chapter 8)
Pay attention to (1) what I hate (w): what I hate.
interpret
The cleverest man, like water, has all kinds of virtues. Water nourishes everything and is beneficial to its formation without competing with everything to keep balance. It is always in a lower position that people don't like, so its perfection is close to the spirit of heaven and earth.
4. He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise. The winner is strong, and the winner is strong. Those who are satisfied are rich, and those who are forced (1) are ambitious. He who does not lose his position for a long time lives long. (Chapter 33)
Note (1) Force: Stick to it and never back down.
interpret
People who know others are wise, people who know their real needs are wise, and people who can overcome others are capable. People who can overcome selfishness are self-reliant. He who knows inner satisfaction is truly rich. People who never back down are ambitious people. People who are not divorced from objective conditions can last for a long time. People who never forget the road before life and death are immortal.
It is important to know other people's stomachs, but it is more important to know your own needs; It is important to improve one's own strength, but it is more important to selflessly coordinate the overall situation. Don't have groundless delusions about reality, but don't doubt the avenue when facing the test. Only in this way can we truly blend into the avenue, and this is the real immortality.
If you want to pick it up, you must take it out. If you want to be weak, you must be strong. If you want to go, you must stay with it. If you want to take it away, you must give it back to me. It is said to be subtle. Soft is better than strong, weak is better than strong. Fish can't get rid of the sharp weapon of Yuyuan and Huahua, and you can't show it to others. (Chapter 36)
interpret
If you want to shrink it, you must deliberately expand it. If you want to weaken it, you must deliberately strengthen it. If you want to get rid of it, you must make good use of it. If you want to catch it, you have to pay it deliberately. It's called subtle strategy. Therefore, softness will prevail over rigidity, and weakness will prevail over strength. Fish can't leave the abyss, and a ruler can't show off his power to intimidate the broad masses of the people.
6, be content, know it is not dangerous ("Chapter 44")
interpret
Knowing that satisfaction will not lead to humiliation, knowing that enough is enough will not lead to danger.
7. Without a great achievement, it will not be used. If a big profit is rushing, it will not be used up. If it is straightforward, if it is clumsy, if it is clumsy, if it is difficult to distinguish. Impetuousness wins the cold, while quietness wins the world. (Chapter 45)
interpret
The achievement of the highest realm seems to have many defects, but it is actually playing a role quietly and has no long-term disadvantages; The enrichment of the highest realm, seemingly empty, is actually in obscurity and endless work. The highest state of integrity seems to yield to evil; The highest state of dexterity seems to be clumsiness; The highest level of refutation seems unreasonable. Silence can restrain impetuousness, indifference can restrain noise, and a person's inner peace can rectify society invisibly.
8. Sages are fickle and take people's hearts as their heart. Good people are good, and bad people are good. I believe in those who believe and those who don't. I believe in virtue. (Chapter 49)
interpret
Saints don't have their own eternal thoughts, but take the people's thoughts as their own. I treat a kind person with kindness, and I treat an unkind person with kindness, which will make him kind. An honest man, I believe him, a dishonest man, I also believe him, and the result will make him honest.
Lao Tzu tells us here that being considerate of others and being sincere to others can influence others and guide them to be good, which is also a virtue.
9. The knower doesn't speak, but the speaker doesn't know. ("Chapter 56 Saint")
interpret
People with great wisdom will not talk nonsense casually; People who talk nonsense are lack of wisdom.
10, curse is blessing, and blessing is curse. (Chapter 58)
interpret
Misfortune is the premise of happiness, and happiness contains unfortunate factors. In other words, good things and bad things can be transformed into each other. Under certain conditions, happiness can become a curse, and misfortune can also become a blessing. Lao Tzu's famous saying is very reasonable.
1 1, the folded wood, born at the end; The nine-story platform rises from the soil; A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. (Chapter 64)
interpret
The folded tree grows from the bud, the nine-story platform from the clod, and the journey of a thousand miles begins at the foot.
12, the sky is long, but it is not leaking. (Chapter seventy-three)
interpret
The scope of nature is wide and boundless, although it is wide and sparse, it does not leak.
13, people are not afraid of death, how can he be afraid of death? (Chapter 74)
interpret
People are not afraid of death, why use death to scare people?
This chapter is about Laozi's political views. He believed that the rulers at that time practiced tyranny and torture, killing people indiscriminately and suppressing them. In this way, once the people can't bear it, they are not afraid of death.
14, Heaven or Bow? The highest person restrains the lower one, and the lower one lifts it, and the rest is damaged, and the deficiency is supplemented. The damage of heaven is more than enough, but it is insufficient. Man's way is nothing, and his loss is not enough to convince him. (Chapter 77)
interpret
Isn't the law of nature a lot like shooting an arrow with a bow? If the rope is pulled high, lower it; If it is low, raise it a little; If it is too full, just relax; If it is not enough, add it. The law of nature is to reduce surplus and shortage. However, the law of society is not the case. We should reduce the shortage and dedicate it to the surplus.
The text of this chapter reveals a vague concept of equality and balance. This is his social thought. He compared heaven with humanity and advocated that humanity should follow heaven. Laozi attributed the phenomenon of maintaining ecological balance in nature to "loss is greater than supply", so he asked human society to change the irrationality of "loss is less than supply"
15, the world is not weaker than water, the strong can't win, it's not easy. Weak is better than strong, soft is better than strong, and the world knows everything. ("Lao Zi" Chapter 78)
interpret
There is nothing weaker than water, but nothing can overcome water, overcome difficulties and overcome strength. Weakness is better than strength, and softness is better than rigidity. The whole world knows it, but no one can carry it out.
Taking water as an example, this chapter shows that weakness can overcome strength and softness can overcome strength.
16, a small country with few people. Make it useful without using it; Let the people die again, and don't go far away. Although there are boats and soldiers, there is nothing to learn. Let people use them again. I am willing to eat, to be beautiful, to be safe, and to enjoy its customs. Neighboring countries confront each other, the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other, and the people die of old age. ("Lao Zi" Chapter 80)
interpret
Make the country smaller and the people less. Even if there are all kinds of utensils, there is no need; Make people pay attention to death instead of migrating far away; Although there are boats and cars, you don't have to take them every time; Although there are weapons and equipment, there is no place to fight; Let the people return to the ancient natural state of knotting. The country has done a good job, making people eat sweetly, dress beautifully, live comfortably and live happily. Countries can see each other and hear chickens and dogs, but there is no communication between people from birth to death.
This is a beautiful blueprint of Laozi's ideal "country" and a picture of rural happiness full of pastoral flavor. Laozi used ideal pen and ink to describe the rural social life scene of "small country with few people" and express his social and political ideals. This "country" is very small, neighboring countries confront each other, and the voices of chickens and dogs are heard, which is about equivalent to a village now. There is no evil deed of bullying and fear of hard work, and the folk customs are simple.
17. Good words are not beautiful, and no one believes them. Good people don't argue, and they are not good at arguing. A knowledgeable person doesn't know, and neither does a knowledgeable person. (Chapter 8 1)
interpret
True and credible words are not beautiful, and beautiful words are not true. Kind people just say that smart people are not kind. A truly knowledgeable person does not show off, and a person who shows off knowledge is not a truly knowledgeable person. Bingwang hs 2122014-10-22.