Oh! The truth of ups and downs, although called destiny, is not human nature! The original Zhuang Zong won the world for a better reason than those who lost it.

It is said that the king of Jin will finally give three arrows. He told him, "Liang, I hate him; Prince, what I represent; Qidan and I are family friends, and both of them went back to Jin and Liang. I hate these three. With your three arrows, you will never forget your father's ambition! " Zhuang Zong was hidden in the temple. Later, when fighting, people were sent to tell the temple with a small prison, asking for its arrows, filling them with cotton bags, and returning home in triumph.

It was Yan and his son who wrote that Liang Junchen was the first king, entered the ancestral temple and went back to the first king to tell him that he had succeeded. He is full of energy and can be described as powerful! And the enemy has been destroyed, the world has been decided, a woman cries at night, and the chaos should be four, and the thieves are not seen, and the soldiers are scattered, and the monarch and the minister care for each other and don't know where to go; As for swearing, breaking my hair and crying, how bad! Is it hard to get and easy to lose? Suppress the traces of its success or failure, but all come from others? "Book" said: "Full of losses, modest benefits." It is natural that fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die.

Therefore, Fang Qisheng is also the first hero in the world who can't compete with him. And its decline, dozens of actors trapped, the country died and died, laughing at the world. Husband's misfortune often makes a mickle, but wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. How can one pity others? Make the biography of Lingguan. Alas! Although the ups and downs are determined by fate, aren't they caused by personnel? We can understand why Zhuang Zong won the world and why he lost it.

Legend has it that the King of Jin gave three arrows when he died, telling him: "Liang is my enemy, I founded the Prince of Yan, and I became sworn brothers with Qidan. Later, they both betrayed me and took refuge in Liang. These three things are my legacy. Give you three arrows, don't forget your father's ambition for revenge. " Zhuang Zong was shot dead by an arrow in the ancestral temple. After Zhuang Zong sent troops to fight, he sent entourage officials to sacrifice pigs and sheep to their ancestors, respectfully took out arrows from the ancestral temple, and put them in beautiful silk bags for people to carry on their backs and lead the way in front of the army. After winning the battle, I still put it in the ancestral hall.

When he tied the prince and his son with a rope, filled Liang's head with a wooden box, walked into the ancestral temple, returned the arrow to the throne of the king of Jin, and told him that his revenge had been completed before his death, his expression was so majestic! When the enemy has been destroyed, the world is stable, and one person makes trouble all night, the insurgents respond on all sides. He sent his troops to the east in panic, and before he saw the rogue, his soldiers fled in succession. You look at me, I look at you, and I don't know what to do. When I cut off my hair and swore to God, I cried my eyes out and my clothes were wet with tears. How could it be so bad? Is it because it is difficult to win the world and easy to lose it? Or because of personnel, he succeeded and failed? The history book says: "Pride and complacency will bring harm, while modesty will bring benefits." Worry and fatigue can make the country prosper, and happiness can make itself perish. This is a natural truth.

Therefore, when he is in the spring breeze, no one can compete with him; When he was in decline, dozens of musicians framed him, and finally he died and was laughed at by the whole world. Disasters are often accumulated by minor mistakes. Even smart, talented and courageous people are addicted to a certain hobby, confused by it, and eventually fall into poverty. Spoiling the actors is just a bad result? So I wrote "Biography of Lingguan". At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xue wrote the History of the Five Dynasties (the old history of the Five Dynasties), and thought that the change of dynasties was caused by destiny, which Ouyang Xiu did not agree with. He himself wrote a 74-volume History of the Five Dynasties (the New History of the Five Dynasties), taking history as a mirror to arouse the vigilance of the rulers of the Song Dynasty. After the publication of History of the New Five Dynasties, Shi Xue was no longer valued by the world for a long time. Ouyang Xiufa likes to use "alas" in her comments. The author of Gaodong magazine said: "Shinto asked Gong Jing (Wang Anshi),' Have you read the history of the Five Dynasties?' The public said,' I haven't read it carefully, but when I see every article, I must start with an exclamation, and everything can be lamented. I really didn't look carefully; If you look carefully, you will be right. "This just illustrates the intention of Ouyang Xiu to write this history book.

This preface is not so much about an actor as about Zhuang Zong. Li is a man of great courage and can take the lead in the war. The author wrote that he turned from prosperity to decline, and the lesson was very profound and tragic. The author starts with the reasons for the change of dynasties, and writes forcefully enough to warn people. This is exactly what Lu Ji said in Wen Fu. It should be said that Ouyang Xiu's view of history is more profound than Xue's, and he realized the importance of "personnel". Then, the author reviews the history and summarizes the situation of Zhuang Zong's being ordered at the critical moment. This description is very concise. Subsequently, the author describes the process of Zhuang Zong's prosperity and decline by means of comparison. This is the focus of the article. "Fang Qi ... can be described as strong!" It is said that Zhuang Zongye is full of heart, after Zhang Ben. "Hostility has disappeared ... how can it be a failure?" It's like falling from 10 thousand feet, in stark contrast to before. This contrast left a deep impression on readers. The author's purpose is not to describe the scene, but to summarize the historical lessons. At the beginning, it is clear that "the reason of ups and downs, although called destiny, is not human nature!" Although he denies the theory of destiny, he has not yet established his own point of view. After describing the process of Zhuang nationality from prosperity to decline, the author began to sum up historical lessons. He quoted the words in ancient books first, in order to tell readers that the ancients knew this truth for a long time, but Zhuang Zong didn't remember the words of his predecessors. Then the author expressed his own experience: "Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can die." At this point, readers will naturally think of another philosopher's famous saying: "Born in sorrow, died in happiness." It seems that all wise people have the same opinion.

From the ups and downs of Zhuang Zong, we can also get the understanding that the enemy is often a necessary condition for our own survival. Having enemies is a bad thing, but it is also a good thing, because it can sober you up. The reason why Zhuang Zong is "strong" is that the existence of the enemy inspires him to work hard, complete the unfinished business of his late king, and comfort his late king's spirit in heaven. When the enemy was destroyed and the world was stable, Zhuang Zong lost his guard and thought he could rest easy. From then on, he indulged in debauchery and ruined himself and the country in Yu Yi. A man like Zhuang Zong, whose enemies have been wiped out, also shows that he is going downhill.

Ouyang Xiu wrote at the end of the article: "Husband's misfortune often accumulates in a tiny fraction, while wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning." Zhuang Zong didn't do it overnight. He also had a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. He finally died at the hands of his favorite actor. This phenomenon enlightens us that it is often people and things around us or ourselves that bring us down. These factors from small to large, from less to more, and finally a total outbreak. This enlightens us that we should guard against procrastination, find bad signs and correct them immediately, so as to ensure the long-term stability of the country. This sentence by Ouyang Xiu was actually written to the supreme ruler of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was a poor and weak regime. It is precisely because it can't constantly strive for self-improvement, so it finally ends up as a "national subjugation". History is so ruthless and so strikingly similar.

Shen Deqian's evaluation of this article is: "cadence is the essence of Historical Records and the first text in the history of the Five Dynasties." What a nice statement! This article is the preface of Biography of Lingguan in the New Five Dynasties. Biography of Lingguan records the historical facts that Li favored, Shi Yanqiong, Guo and others messed up the government and made mistakes in the country in the later Tang Dynasty. This preface does not directly write these things, but writes about the ups and downs of the later Tang Dynasty.

This historical theory has distinct viewpoints, prominent themes, strong reasoning and clear organization. The first paragraph is described and the second paragraph is discussed. The whole article revolves around the word "ups and downs". At the beginning, the article comes straight to the point and puts forward the argument. The use of two exclamation marks shows that the author attaches importance to the theory of ups and downs and emphasizes impersonality. Find out the reason with one original sentence, point out Zhuang Zong's gains and losses, draw out the main arguments of the article, and determine the content of the full-text argument.

In the process of discussion, the article closely follows the gains and losses of Zhuang and explains the historical basis of this argument. The arguments in the full text mainly describe the historical facts that Zhuang Zong accepted his father's orders to avenge his shame, and later failed because of victory and declined because of prosperity. The author's point of view is expressed by adding the author's comments to the narrative. Cite history, comment on history, objectively analyze and comment on facts based on real records, and sum up thought-provoking truths and warnings. This is the purpose and characteristics of historical articles. When writing history, the words are accurate. First write the wishes of the king of Jin, and Zhuang Zongke obeyed his father's orders and sent troops for revenge. Finally, he won a triumph-the feat of tying Yan and his son together and writing a letter to Liang Junchen. Prove that success is human truth. After writing Zhuang Zong's revenge, he thought he had succeeded, but he didn't expect to be strong and partial to the official, and finally fell into a panic. And ... How terrible! The two exclamation points at the end of the two sentences have different words, but they are full of deep feelings. How bad it is, and the condemnation contained in the regret all express the author's clear view on this historical fact. Then he emphasized the latter with the tone of choosing complex sentences.

Liang Junchen's first letter: packed in wooden cases.

Qidan and I are brothers. Come and make a contract.

[13] Suppress the trace of its success or failure: research.

4. The reason why the original Zhuang Zong won the world originality is to push its roots.

Second, nouns are adverbials.

1. Negation and affirmation: affirmation

3. Hurry eastbound: eastbound.

[13] A lady cries at night: at night.

4. Mobs should respond from four aspects: all-round.

Three: Verbs as Nouns

1. Tell success with success: the news of success.

Fourth: Let it move.

1. Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and idleness can resurrect from the dead, without moving.

3. Return home in triumph: collect it.

Five: Adjectives as Verbs

A wife cries all night, and a chaotic person should be chaotic: chaotic.

Six: Adjectives as Nouns

1. Misfortune often accumulates in trivial matters, while wisdom and courage are mostly trapped in drowning and trivial matters: trivial matters, wisdom and courage: people who are brave and resourceful.

Different meanings in ancient and modern times:

1. Lost with him is: (ancient meaning) with him.

(modern sense) when comparing the advantages and disadvantages of two things and deciding whether to choose or not, give up or disapprove.

I don't know where I'm going. As for swearing to break my hair, (ancient meaning) is equivalent to "so much"

(modern sense) refers to reaching a certain level.

3. Being sent to the temple to take a small supervisor: (ancient meaning) official name, which generally refers to a class of officials here.

(in the modern sense) do something; Handle, dispose of; Handle affairs, handle affairs

4. Although it is called destiny, isn't it human? (archaic) refers to political gains and losses.

(modern significance) about the recruitment, training, deployment, rewards and punishments of employees; Human feelings and affairs 1. Sentenced to beam, my hatred also; Rebecca, I have set these three things. I can rejuvenate the country by complaining and worrying, but I can die by one, and the principle of nature is also 2. Adverbial is put behind, telling Yan and his son that they are successful in kung fu. Disasters often add up, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning Zhuang Zong and hidden in temples. 3. The ellipsis belongs to the king, and three directions give success. Sheng (Zhi) is the only one who has a trick (Zhuang Zongzhi is trapped) and the actor is embarrassed (). The passive sentence dies, the country breaks down and the family dies, which makes the world laugh at the disasters that often add up, while wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. Fixed sentence pattern three arrows, but don't forget that it is difficult to lose your father's ambition. The success or failure of this is because people use false words and hatred to destroy "hatred" and "enemy".