"Bai Gui is in Zhongshan, and the king of Zhongshan wants to keep him" is from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu Xian Shi Lan"
Original text
The death of any country also means that there are Those who follow the Tao must go first, and this is the same in ancient and modern times. The land follows the city, the city follows the people, and the people follow the wise. Therefore, when a wise ruler obtains a wise man, the people will obtain it; if the people obtain it, the city will obtain it; if the city obtains it, the land will obtain it. If you get the land, don't you have enough to travel there and people say it's the people? It's enough to get the essentials. Taishi of the Xia Dynasty ordered Zhonggu③ to show his plans and methods④, and he wept while insisting on it. Xia Jie was confused and the riots became more serious. Taishi Ling ran away like a merchant all the time.
Tang was overjoyed and told the princes: "The king of Xia was unruly, tyrannizing the people, impoverishing his father and brothers, being ashamed of his meritorious officials, underestimating his virtuous people, abandoning justice and listening to slander, and the common people were resentful. The law-abiding ministers returned to Shang. "Xiang Zhi, the internal historian of the Yin Dynasty, saw that Zhou was becoming more confused and confused, so he recorded his plans for the exile of the Zhou Dynasty. King Wu spoke loudly and told the princes: "The King of Shang was in chaos, indulged in wine and virtue, kept Ji Zi 5 far away, and stayed close to his aunt 6. Daji was in charge, and there was no way to reward and punish him. He did not use laws and killed three innocent people 7. The people He was very dissatisfied, and the law-abiding ministers fled to the Zhou Dynasty. "The Taishi Tu Shu of the Jin Dynasty saw the chaos in the Jin Dynasty and saw that the Duke of Jin was arrogant and had no moral integrity, so he returned to the Zhou Dynasty with his plan.
When Duke Wei of Zhou saw it, he asked, "Which of the kingdoms in the world will perish first?" He replied, "Jin will perish first." Duke Wei asked why. He said to him: "I am a comparison with the Jin Dynasty and dare not speak out. I told the Duke of Jin that he was a demon in the sky and that the sun, moon, stars, and stars behaved improperly. He said, "What can I do?" He also pointed out that there were many unjust things in human affairs. The people were all resentful and said, "How can it be harmed?" They also expressed that the neighboring countries were dissatisfied and did not promote their virtuous people, saying, "How could they be harmed?" In this case, they did not know why they perished. 10 Therefore, the ministers of Japan and Jin perished first. "After three years of residence, Jin Guo died. Duke Wei saw the millet being slaughtered again and asked, "Who is next?" He replied, "Zhongshan is second." Duke Wei asked why.
The answer is: "People are born to be different. Differentiation is the meaning of people, which is different from animals and deer. It is also the reason why monarchs and ministers are established. The custom of Zhongshan is that day is night. Night and day, men and women lean on each other, there is no rest, and the songs are very sad. This is the trend of the country's subjugation. The minister said that Zhongshan was the next. Duke Wei saw the millet being slaughtered again and asked, "Which one is next best?" The slaughter of millet was wrong. Duke Wei asked. He said to him: "The king is second best." The majestic Duke is afraid. Those who seek the country's elders will receive Yi Shi and Tian Yi and pay tribute to them. They will receive Shi Gong and Zhao Pian as admonishers, and they will order thirty-nine things to punish the slaughter of millet.
He replied: "He is still the body of the ultimate king!" He said: "I have heard that: the prosperity of a country is due to the sage and the most eloquent people; the destruction of the country is due to the chaos of the people. With those who are good at flattery, "Wei Gong died and died. He was not allowed to be buried in the ninth month, and the week was divided into two. Therefore, the words of a wise man cannot be ignored. Zhou Ding made gluttonous food, which had a head but no body. He ate people without swallowing them, causing harm to their bodies. He had to repay them with words. The same goes for doing bad things. Bai Gui was in Zhongshan. The king of Zhongshan wanted to keep him, but Bai Gui resigned and left in public. When Qi Qi wanted to keep him as an official, he resigned again and left.
People ask why. Said: "Both the two countries will perish. There are five perfections in what I have learned. What are the five perfections? He said: If you don't do it, your trust will be gone. If you don't do it, your reputation will be gone. If you don't love it, your family will be gone. Those who walk will have no food. If the people who live there have no food, their wealth will be exhausted. If they cannot use people and cannot use it for themselves, their achievements will be exhausted. If the country has these five, it will be unfortunate. Both Zhongshan and Qi will be like this." If the king of Zhongshan and the king of Qi hear this, If it is done and replaced, it will not perish. He doesn't hear about his troubles, and even though he hears about them, he doesn't believe them. However, the main task of a person is to listen well. It is not beneficial to join Zhao after the fifth cut. This is to abandon the reason for its existence and to create the reason for its destruction.
Comments
① Precognition: prophecy. This article mainly explains that sages have foresight. When their advice is not adopted and they foresee the destruction of the country, they all leave one after another. This is to demonstrate the importance of the king being "good at listening" and making good use of talents. ② "人" should probably be "household". ③After "Zhonggu" should be added "See Jie and confusion". Taishi Ling: The official in charge of books, sacrifices, astronomy and calendar. Zhonggu: It is said that Xia Jie's Taishi Order. ④Illustrations: Books such as books and codes.
⑤Ji Zi: The uncle of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Dissatisfied with King Zhou's tyranny, he let his hair down and pretended to be crazy after his advice was rejected. ⑥Gu: Woman. Information: male favorite. ⑦ Kill three innocent people: Zhou's uncle challenged Zhou, and Zhou cut open his heart; Zhou chopped off the feet of a wader in the cold winter to see why he was not afraid of the cold; Zhou cut open the abdomen of a pregnant woman to see her fetus. ⑧ Ratio: Recently.
⑨ Too much is inappropriate: It should be "too much is inappropriate".
⑩ should be "I don't know how to survive and why to perish." "Suo" should be followed by "Yi". Cut: grind. Lean: close. Qie Yi: lean on each other. Here it should be added "Wei Gong asked why. Right".訨 (hōnɡ): the death of a prince.肂(sì): fake burial, temporarily burying the coffin in the ground for later burial. Taotie (tāo tiè): a gluttonous evil beast. Bells and tripods are often carved into shapes for decoration. Repay: recompense, retribution. The word "official" is suspicious and should be removed. Zhongshan ceded territory to the State of Zhao five times to seek peace, but was still destroyed by the State of Zhao in 296 BC. It should be "Xi raised his army and left Yan Hu Ji Shang". Distance: pass "rejection".
Translation
Whenever a country is about to perish, talented people must be the first to leave. This has been the same throughout the ages. The land is protected by the city, the city is guarded by the people, and the people follow the virtuous. Therefore, if a wise monarch has the help of wise men, he can get the support of the people. If he gets the support of the people, he can get the city. If he gets the city, he can also own the land. In order to obtain land, why do we have to go to that place in person and persuade the people from house to house? Just grasp the essentials. Taishi Ling of the Xia Dynasty saw Jie confused and confused, so he took out his books and cried in his arms. Xia Jie was stubborn and became more and more violent and confused. Taishi Ling eventually fled to Shang Dynasty.
Tang happily told the princes: "The king of Xia was unethical, mistreating the people, driving his father and brothers to despair, insulting his heroes, despising those virtuous people, abandoning morality and righteousness, and listening to slander. The majority of the people complained about him. The minister in charge of the law came to submit to the Shang Dynasty voluntarily. "Xiang Zhi, the internal history of Yin, saw that King Zhou was becoming more and more promiscuous and confused, so he loaded his books in a car and fled to Zhou Dynasty.
King Wu of Zhou was very happy and told the princes: "King Shang was very promiscuous, indulged in drinking and music, alienated Jizi, got close to women and favored men, and allowed Daji to participate in politics. He had no principles in rewards and punishments, and did not obey He used the law to kill three innocent people. The people were very disobedient, and the minister in charge of the law fled to Zhou Dynasty. "When Tu Shui, the Taishi of Jin, saw the chaos in Jin and saw that the Duke of Jin was arrogant and without virtue, he took him with him. He wrote his books and surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty. King Wei of Zhou received him and asked him: "Which of the vassal states in the world will perish first?" Tu Shu replied: "The Jin state will perish first."
Gong Wei asked him the reason. Tu Shui replied: "When I was in Jin recently, I didn't dare to tell the truth. So I showed Jin Gong that there were demonic images in the sky and the sun, moon, stars and constellations were not moving properly to enlighten him. But Jin Gong said: 'Then So what?' I also revealed to him that many people were unreasonable and the people were filled with resentment. But he said, 'What harm does this do to me?' I also revealed to him that the neighboring countries were disobedient and the virtuous people were unwilling to obey. , and he said: "How can this hurt me?" Like this, you don't understand the reasons for the survival of the country, so I said that Jin will perish first. "After three years, the Jin Kingdom was indeed destroyed.
Gong Wei met Tu Shu again and asked: "Which country will perish next?" Tu Shu replied: "Zhongshan Kingdom will perish next." Wei Gong asked him the reason. Tu Shu replied: "God created humans and made them differentiated. Differences are human laws. They are used to distinguish animals and birds. This is how the hierarchy between the monarch and his ministers is determined. Zhongshan The customs and habits of the country are different. They regard the day as night, and men and women cuddle up together day and night. They often don't get any rest. They regard pornographic music as happiness, and they also like to sing sad and plaintive songs. Song.
Their king did not stop and oppose this situation. This is the trend of the country's destruction. So I said that Zhongshan Kingdom will soon follow. Sure enough, it perished. So Duke Wei met with Tu Shu again and asked him: "Which country is about to be destroyed?" Tu Shu said nothing. Duke Wei asked him again and again. Tu Shu said helplessly: "Your dynasty is about to perish." Only then did Duke Wei become afraid, and he went around asking for help from older and more respected people in the country.
He visited Yishi, Tianyi and others and treated them with courtesy. Then he found Shi Gong and Zhao Pian and gave them the official position of admonishing ministers. At the same time, thirty-nine harsh laws were also cancelled. Duke Wei told Tu Shu about what he had done. Tu Shu replied: "The Zhou Dynasty may not fall until after your death." Wei Gong asked the reason for this.
Tu Shu said: "I once heard that the revitalization of a country is due to God giving it capable people and those who dare to speak out; the country's demise is due to God giving it traitors and flatterers who disrupt the government. ."
After Wei Gong passed away, the coffin remained unburied for nine months, and the Zhou Dynasty was split into two parts. Therefore, the words of a virtuous person cannot be ignored. The Zhou tripod is engraved with the pattern of a glutton, which has a head but no body. If this kind of thing eats a person, its own body will melt before it can swallow the person. This shows that retribution will be immediate in this world. This is what happens when you do bad things. Bai Gui came to Zhongshan State. The king of Zhongshan State wanted to keep him in the country. Bai Gui resolutely resigned and left Zhongshan State by car.
He came to Qi again, and the king of Qi wanted to keep him, but he refused and left Qi. When people asked him why he declined, Bai Gui replied: "These are two countries that are about to perish. I learned the term 'Five Absolutes' from my teacher. What is the 'Five Absolutes'? It means going back on one's words and deeds, making things worse." There is no credibility; no praise for good people, so there is no glorious reputation, and the reputation is ruined; there is no care for others, and people do not love each other, so the family affection is gone;
Traveling abroad When people in the country have eaten up all the food, and people at home have no food to eat, this means that there is no wealth; if they cannot know how to use others, and they do not play a good role, this means that a country must have these five conditions. The state of Zhongshan and Qi both have these five conditions and will perish. If Zhongshan and Qi are allowed to carry out reforms after hearing these words, they will definitely not perish.
Their disaster is that they do not hear good advice, and even if they hear it, they do not believe it. It can be seen that the main task of the king is to be good at listening to advice. Zhongshan State ceded its land to Zhao State five times. King Qi once led the soldiers of the whole country to resist Yan State's attack in Jishui, but neither country had a good result. This is because they abandoned the conditions for survival and instead followed the path of destruction.
About the author
Lü Buwei, whose birth date is unknown, was a member of the Wei Kingdom at the end of the Warring States Period. The work "Lu Shi Chun Qiu Cha Jin" died in the twelfth year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC). He was originally a big businessman in Yangdi (now Yu County, Henan Province). While doing business, he met Zi Chu, the prince of Qin who was exiled in Zhao State. At that time, Zi Chu was in a very difficult situation in Zhao State. Lu Buwei sympathized with him and thought that Zi Chu It was a "rare thing to live in", so he used money to support Zichu and helped him obtain the qualification to inherit the throne. In 253 BC, Zichu succeeded to the throne as King Zhuangxiang. King Zhuang Xiang made Lu Buwei his prime minister and granted him the title of Marquis Wenxin. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, his son became the first emperor of Qin. Qin Shihuang honored Lu Buwei as prime minister. Known as Zhongfu. During his reign as prime minister, the Qin State sent troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, captured the lands of Han, Zhao, and Wei, and established Sanchuan and Taiyuan East Commanderies, making positive contributions to the unification of China. After Qin Shihuang personally took charge of government affairs, he dismissed him and moved him to Shu. He later died of fear of drinking poison. During Lu Buwei's tenure as prime minister, he had 3,000 diners and 10,000 children. He ordered his followers to "write what they heard and heard" and write books to establish theoretical basis for establishing a unified feudal centralized system. These works were eventually compiled into "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals".
Appreciation
Xian Shi
said: When a country perishes, the wise must go first. This is the same in ancient and modern times. The land follows the city, the city follows the people, and the people follow the wise. Therefore, when a wise ruler obtains a wise man, the people will obtain it; if the people obtain it, the city will obtain it; if the city obtains it, the land will obtain it. If you get the land, will you be able to walk in it? What do people say about its people? Just get what you want. Xia Taishi ordered Zhonggu to reveal his plans, and he wept over them. Xia Jie was confused and the riot got worse. Taishi Ling has been running around like a businessman since ancient times. Tang was delighted and told the princes: "The king of Xia was unruly, tyrannizing the people, impoverishing his father and brothers, being ashamed of his meritorious officials, underestimating his virtuous people, abandoning justice and listening to slander, and the common people were resentful. The law-abiding ministers returned to the Shang Dynasty." Seeing that Zhou was becoming more confused and confused, he recorded his plans and fled the Zhou Dynasty. King Wu spoke loudly and told the princes: "The King of Shang was in chaos and indulged in wine and virtue. He kept his children far away and loved his aunt close to him. Daji was in charge of the government. She had no way to reward and punish her. She did not use legal methods and killed three innocent people. The people were very dissatisfied. The law-abiding ministers fled to Zhou.
"The Taishi of Jin Tushu saw the chaos in Jin and saw that the Duke of Jin was arrogant and unrighteous, so he returned to Zhou with his plan. When Duke Wei of Zhou saw it, he asked, "Which of the kingdoms in the world will perish first? He said to him: "The Jin Dynasty died first." " Duke Wei asked why, and replied: "I am in Jin, and I dare not speak out. I want to show Duke Jin that I am a demon in the sky, and that the sun, moon, and stars behave inappropriately. He said: ‘What can we do? ’ It also shows that many people are unjust and the people are full of resentment. Said: "How can it be hurt?" ’ He also said that the neighboring countries were not convinced and their virtuous people would not be promoted, and he said, ‘How can it be harmed? ’ If this is the case, then you die without knowing why.
Achievements of the work
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" made a summary criticism of the thoughts of the pre-Qin scholars. The chapter "Bu Er" says: "Lao Dan values ??Rou, Confucius values ??Ren, Mo Zhai values ??Lian, Guan Yin values ??Qing, Zi Lie Zi Xu, Chen Pian values ??Qi, Yang Sheng values ??oneself, Sun Bin values ??power, Wang Liao values ??the first, and a good son values ??a queen." It believes that these different thoughts should be unified, "One can rule, and differences can cause chaos; one can provide peace, and differences can cause danger." ("Fu Er") After unified thoughts, only then can "all differences, stupidity, wisdom and workmanship be eliminated. Everyone tries their best, just like a hole in the hole. "The process of unification is actually a process of criticism and absorption. Therefore, "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" has transformed, developed and abandoned the thoughts of each school. For example, Confucianism advocated the maintenance of monarchy. This idea was absorbed by "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", but it appeared in a unique face. It advocates supporting the new "Emperor", that is, the establishment of a feudal centralized state. It said: "Since the Zhou Dynasty is in disaster, and the emperor is gone, there is no greater chaos than the absence of an emperor." ("Listen carefully"): "There must be an emperor in the world, so there is one, and the emperor must hold one, so he is the one." One is governance, the other is chaos." ("Zhiyi")