1. Cultivate oneself, manage one's family, govern the country and bring peace to the world: Confucius believed that the primary goal of learning is to cultivate one's moral character and achieve noble personality and improvement of moral character through self-improvement. Only by cultivating one's moral integrity and managing one's family can one manage the country well and achieve world peace.

2. Three cardinal principles and five constant principles: Confucius emphasized the moral principles that people should follow. The three cardinal principles refer to the obligatory relationship between monarch and ministers, father and son, and husband and wife, and the five constant principles refer to the five moral qualities of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness.

3. Focus on learning: Confucius believed that learning is an important task in life, and that through learning, personal and social conditions can be improved. He advocated extensive learning of all kinds of knowledge, including literature, history, music, etiquette, etc.

4. Education should be taught in accordance with their aptitude: Confucius advocated formulating corresponding education plans based on students’ personalities and abilities, paying attention to individual differences, and cultivating students’ strengths and potential.

5. Respect tradition: Confucius emphasized respect and inheritance of traditional culture and values. He believed that learning should be based on classics and cultivate one's thinking ability and moral concepts through the study and understanding of classics.