A person is afraid of danger.
There are many understandings and explanations of "people are afraid of danger", at least from the following three aspects. First of all, the ancient glyph of "danger" (small fork) shows people above, a cliff in the middle and the shape of leg joints below, which symbolizes danger and danger. Mr. Li □ once had such an analysis: "People's illness is painful separately or in the melody."
Secondly, "danger" is "crisis". As an understanding of the crisis, there are both dangers and opportunities. There is a saying in Buddhism: "Life and death are important and very fast." Human life is limited. If you can't understand and appreciate the meaning of life in your lifetime, it is really a great crisis. But if you can see through this crisis, once you know life and death, it is to seize the opportunity in a crisis. Tagore, an Indian poet, once expressed his wish in his poems: Let me die, and then die to realize the meaning of this life. Ehrlich Fromm, an American psychologist, once lamented the same words: Let me be reborn to understand this mystery of life and death. A similar confession can be reminiscent of a kind of artistic conception in "Down with a blackbird", which is also a danger to people's hearts.
Moreover, the "danger" of Chinese characters also contains a kind of "fear of danger", such as the saying that "everyone is in danger" The Book of Songs Xiao □ has the following words: "Be afraid, like exploring the deep, like walking on thin ice"; In the fifteenth chapter of Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu described the ancient goodness as Taoism, saying, "Yu Xi is like Sichuan winter;" In fact, the fear of danger contains a warning, such as the ninth hexagram: "A gentleman works all day, and if he admonishes at night, it is completely blameless. Zhu (the ninth divination) said: "It is dangerous to be superior to others. "However, if a gentleman lives in it, he can worry about it, but he is in danger and not to blame.
Erdao Xin Wei Wei
"Dao Xin" is the natural heart of heaven and earth, which can be translated into English as the natural heart. In the Book of Changes, there is a saying called Fu Gua, "Fu". Looking at Fu's hexagrams, Zhu once lamented that the heart of heaven and earth almost did not exist, and now it can be seen again. Zhu commented: "Now, Shao Zi has a poem to prove it:' Winter is in the middle, and the heavenly heart has not changed. When the sun first moves, everything is lifeless. The mysterious wine is light in taste and positive in sound. If you don't believe this statement, please ask Bao. (Zhu Zhu notes Zhouyi, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1996 Edition: Page 70) Cheng Yi has a similar comment: "One.
The subtlety of Tao's mind can also be quoted from Tao Te Ching: "Tao is a thing, but only a trance. It is a trance, with images in it; There is something vaguely in it. Vaguely refined and trustworthy. " (Chapter 21 of Tao Te Ching) The mystery of Tao also sets off the exquisiteness of debut. Therefore, there is a wonderful use of "observing the heart with the heart" to achieve the only situation of unity of mind and nature.
As an introductory classic of Confucianism in later generations, The University puts forward three basic programs of Confucianism at the beginning: "The way of a university is to show virtue, be close to the people and stop at perfection." In fact, "showing virtue" is to explain the subtle essence; The heart of Tao is integrated with everything, regardless of you and me, which is the connotation of "being close to the people"; Tao's heart comes from goodness, not his own goodness, that is, "stop at the best."
Mr. Li □ once described and developed the experience of "the Tao is only light" so subtly: "I have no worries, just care about my own shortcomings, and care about my own heart with my heart to make sure that my thoughts will not arise." Born from an empty room for a long time, I am full of interest, my temperament is like a bright moon, my heart is as clear as water, my body is relaxed, and my spirit is illusory. " Jianghan Qiuyang is not enough to imitate its glory. It is rapid and eternal. Words and expressions are not enough. It's just that sometimes what you want to say and the expression you want to see are beyond words, which is natural. I'm too lazy to use my head, I don't need to arrange it, I speak with ingenuity, and my words are meticulous and refreshing. "("Song Dynasty Collection ",Zhonghua Book Company, 1993 Edition: Page 145) The unity of mind and mind is like infinite Tai Chi, and yin and yang change to dryness, which is" human heart ".
Third, "only concentrate on Excellence and respect, and be tolerant of it."
Sixteen-character Heart Biography is actually the essence of Confucianism and the core and program of the golden mean. It is not easy to call it mediocrity. The golden mean is the right way in the world. Mediocre people are the theorem of the world. "(Zhu Zhu's Notes on Four Books and Sentences) This is an incisive annotation of Sixteen Yu Xin Zhuan, which evolved into the Confucian teaching method in the Doctrine of the Mean.
"The nature of fate; It is true that frankness must be the natural nature of this world, that is, the portrayal of "only essence is unique" Lu Jiuyuan also emphasized the unity of mind when commenting on the Biography of Sixteen Characters, instead of being paranoid about the division of two minds: "If the mind is one, it will only be dangerous to people; Technically, it is said that it is only tiny. Think of it as crazy, think of it as sacred, it is not dangerous. Silent, tasteless, intangible, not insignificant? " (Lu Jiuyuan Collection, Zhonghua Book Company, 1980 Edition: 396 pages) When answering his students' questions about "being the only one", Wang Yangming once replied: "... erudition, doubt, thinking, knowledge and piety are all unique." (The Complete Works of Wang Yangming, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 6544)
Therefore, The Doctrine of the Mean says, "Don't be obscure, don't be obscure. Therefore, gentlemen are cautious and independent. " Being cautious is to grasp this unique sincerity and realize the realm of harmony between man and nature. As described in The Doctrine of the Mean, "ups and downs are not in the middle. The ups and downs are in the middle, it is and. "
Yang, one of the hexagrams of the Book of Changes, also has a unique image. Li Guangdi once wrote a case about this: "the heart of heaven and earth", but it is also the heart of Taoism that lies in people. The heart of Taoism is very small, so it is said that "blessing" is small and can be distinguished from things. "Just look at it, Taoism is popular, and Taoism is small." The third is "frequent recovery" and "vigorous". The so-called people's hearts are in danger and it is difficult to be safe. Four are "Bank of China" and "Independence". The so-called Tao Xin is weak and hard to find. However, they can all seek their own hearts. Li Guangdi asserted: "Yao and Shun's philosophy handed down from ancient times can be found in the hexagrams of Fu in Book of Changes.
Contemporary psychology distinguishes between consciousness and subconscious, self and self, consciousness and conscious self according to human psychological phenomena, just like sixteen-character telepathy to describe the danger of human heart; Subconsciousness includes the inner consciousness of collective unconsciousness, involving the prototype of nature and the micro-mind close to Tao.
The only essence of "forgiveness"
There is such a record in the Analects of Confucius: Confucius said, "Take part! I am consistent. " Ceng Zi said, "Only." Zi Chu. His master asked, "What is it?" Ceng Zi said: "The only way to be a master is loyalty and forgiveness." In The Analects of Wei Linggong, there is a similar dialogue between Zi Gong and Confucius: Zi Gong asked, "Who can keep his word for life?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " Then, if a word "forgiveness" can run through the whole doctrine of Confucianism, its meaning is extraordinary. The word "forgiveness" contains the meaning of "one heart", from which we can realize the tradition of Confucius' Confucian heart.
Wang bi once explained the loyalty and forgiveness of Confucianism and Taoism: "those who are loyal and forgiving will do their best;" People who forgive are those who regard the same thing as their feelings. They don't take one thing as their feelings, and they don't forgive it completely. If we can forgive them completely, there is nothing that cannot be unified. They can't be two, so they are called one of them. If you push the body to unify things, you can walk for life and you can only forgive it. " (Wang Bi's Notes on Zhouyi) Look at Chinese characters. As a heart, as a heart, as the so-called "only essence and uniqueness" and "harmony between man and nature", the "forgiveness" expressed by Confucius is really the essence of the 16-character heart transmission.
Confucius emphasized the connotation of forgiveness, which reflected the inheritance of Yao Shunyu's Sixteen-character Heart Biography. With the background of the 16-character heart biography, we can understand why Confucius emphasized "My Tao is consistent", and one of the words "forgiveness" can last for life, because it contains the essence of culture and conveys the spirit of civilization. Forgiveness, as one heart, also includes the relationship between man and nature, the norms and standards between people, and the unity and unity of body, mind and mind.
In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "forgiveness" is noted as benevolence, and Mencius once clearly analyzed that "everything is ready for me, I sincerely reflect, and I am very happy. I will be strong, not close to benevolence. " (Mencius. Dedication ") The word benevolence includes affection, relatives and lovers. In "Everything is done by Fei Zi to relieve labor", it is recorded as "benevolent". Forgiveness means forgiveness and integrity.
The Doctrine of the Mean points out: "Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from the Tao. Don't do to others what you don't want. " Among them, Zhu's annotation on "loyalty and forgiveness" is quite psychoanalytic: "Be loyal to yourself and push yourself and others." "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." The so-called "loyalty and forgiveness" has a saying in Mencius Liang Zhang that "if you have power, you will know the weight"; Degree, and then know the length, everything goes with the flow, the heart is very important. However, the forgiveness of loyalty and forgiveness is to be considerate and sincere to others, just like "Others have a heart, think about it" in Xiaoya in The Book of Songs.
Mencius once asserted that "a gentleman's nature is rooted in his heart" (Shang), and then said: "He who does his best knows his nature, his nature and his heaven. He will keep his mind, so he will deal with the sky. " (Do your best) and "There is no other way to learn, please rest assured." () The key to the golden mean is to prevent terrorism, and "directness" and "exhaustion" require heart. Therefore, it is still a "heart", conveying the spirit of Confucianism and maintaining the foundation of Confucianism.