Qingming Festival Du Mu Rains fall heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road feel like losing their souls. May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Qijue "Qingming" by Du Mu, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, is a poem with a blend of scenes and beautiful artistic conception that has been recited for thousands of years. However, it is this famous sentence that has caused a public case for hundreds of years - where is the Xinghua Village in the poem? Roughly speaking, there are more than 20 "Xinghua Villages" of various sizes in the country today. , where is the "Xinghua Village" that the shepherd boy "points to" in Du Mu's poems all over the north and south of the Yangtze River? There are several concentrated theories as follows.
The fragrance of wine overflows and the flowers bloom all over the village
Nowadays, when it comes to "Xinghua Village", in addition to Du Mu's seven-character quatrain, the apricot flowers from the Xinghua Village Winery in Fenyang, the wine capital of Shanxi, Hanamura Sake is also well known to the world. Not only was Xinghuacun Fenjiu brewing technology listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2007, but the value of the "Xinghuacun" brand has reached nearly 5 billion yuan.
The history of winemaking in Xinghua Village began in the Northern Wei Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,500 years. There is also a legend about Xinghua Village’s wine-making: There was an old Taoist immortal, dressed in rags, who drank at the “Zui Xianju” hotel in Xinghua Village three times. He skillfully exhaled the aroma, turned the water into wine, and turned the ancient well into a sacred well. Regardless of whether the legend is true or false, the well water here does taste like wine, sweet and clear, and the water used to make wine is fragrant and fragrant. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, "there were springs of wine in Xinghua Village" and "green curtains were unveiled on every street". This place became the ancient capital of wine culture, which continues to this day.
What’s even more coincidental is that the apricot flowers here bloom during the Qingming Festival. According to records, the average opening date of the apricot flowers here is April 6. As we all know, the blooming time of apricot flowers is directly related to temperature and precipitation. Although China's climate experienced a rapid cooling process around the 11th century AD, data shows that the average temperature in the late Tang Dynasty was higher than the current average temperature. It can be inferred from this that in the late Tang Dynasty, the apricot flowers bloomed a few days earlier than now. In the south, "apricot blossoms bloom in February and laurel blooms in August." The blooming time of apricot blossoms is far away from the Qingming Festival.
With wine and flowers, this place seems to be completely consistent with the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poem. Not only that, although Xinghua Village is now located on the Loess Plateau with less precipitation, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the climate here was humid, with dense forests and abundant precipitation. There is a high possibility of heavy rain during the Qingming Festival. Therefore, in the minds of many people, Xinghua Village in Shanxi is the one that "shepherd boys point to".
The relics are famous all over the world.
"The county tower is higher than the beautiful mountain gate, and the historical relics cannot be discussed today. Du Mu had a famous line at that time, singing solo in Xinghua Village outside the city." It was recorded in "Xinghua Village outside the city" in the Qing Dynasty. Xinghua Village in "Xinghua Village Chronicles" is located outside the Xiushan Gate of Chizhou, Anhui (ancient name is Guichi).
"Poems are beautiful because of scenery, and scenery is famous because of poetry." Xinghua Village in Guichi was originally just a few wine shops that had "reduced themselves to the smoke and weeds" and had no reputation at all. It is said that during the Huichang period of the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu was appointed as the assassin of Chizhou. He visited Xinghua Village in the west of Fucheng in the spring and wrote this artistic masterpiece rich in Jiangnan style. It was Du Mu's eternal masterpiece that made Chizhou famous throughout history and famous all over the world. After that, the Xinghua Village in Chizhou, which is known as “the color of smoke in the village is red, and the flowers in the village and the wine village,” has been continuously built. In the village, the thatched wine curtains, pavilions and pavilions, and the apricot blossoms in the ten miles are as bright as red clouds. It has become a favorite of officials and literati in the past dynasties. The place where flowers and wine are sold. By the Qing Dynasty, the entire Xinghua Village had formed an quaint and picturesque area of ??scenic spots and historic sites with a radius of more than 10 miles. There are the famous ancient "Twelve Scenes of Xinghua Village", namely: Pingtian Chunzhang, Tiefo Zen Forest, Baipu Lotus Wind, Huanggong Jiulong, Santai Sunset, Sangtuo Danfeng, Qiyun Songyue, Xixiang Misty Rain, Zhaoming Academy, Tea Field Mailang, Duwu Fishing Song and Meizhou Xiaoxue.
Many people think that this Xinghua Village is the other Xinghua Village. The big reason is that there are a lot of historical records. According to "Guangyu Ji": "Chizhou's historic site is called 'Xinghua Village', outside the Xiushan Gate of Fucheng. Du Mu's poem 'referring to Xinghua Village in the distance' is here." "Jiangnan General Chronicles" records: "Xinghua Village is in (Chizhou) Prefecture Xiushan Gate has a lot of beauty outside and inside. It was named after Du Mu of Tang Dynasty said "The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village from a distance".
"Not only that, in our country, there are very few people who have aspirations for the village, but "Xinghua Village Chronicles" has been included in the largest book series in the history of our country - "Sikuquanshu", which shows its literary and historical value.
Visiting the scenery of Xinghua Village in Chizhou, you can see that the bamboo fence is intact, the bridge is still there, the sailboat is sailing slowly on the river, and you can enter the Yangtze River by sailing north, which is engraved with the six characters "Huanggong Guangrun Yuquan". Located in the lush woods, there is a drizzle that seems to be smoke but not smoke, wine flags fluttering in the wind are picked out from the red apricot branches, the fragrance of flowers is mixed with the fragrance of wine, it is really intoxicating if the scenery is not intoxicating, and if the wine is not intoxicating, everyone will be intoxicated!
Thousands of years of past are like smoke and dreams
The willows linger, the bridges flow, and the woodcutter sings and pastoral songs are particularly attractive. Su Shi, who was demoted to Huangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, passed by here and saw it unexpectedly. My friend Chen Jichang lived here in seclusion. After that, he came to Xinghua Village three times to drink and compose poems. He especially recorded this place in his "Biography of Fang Shanzi", which was well-known and passed down through the ages. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty once gave a huge plaque to the village temple, "Xinghua Ancient Temple". This place that was favored by literary figures and emperors was Qiting, which is located on the main road from Luoyang to Huangzhou.
In fact, it is far and near. There is another person who is famous: "The man who bends his bow and fights with me has been raped by Huamei in his dream." I thought about returning the wine several times and pointed to the clouds to wish Concubine Ming. "Du Mu's "Inscription on Mulan Temple" was inscribed when he climbed Mulan Mountain to inscribe the Mulan Temple when he was the governor of Huangzhou. From Huangzhou to Mulan Mountain, you must pass through Xinghua Village in Qiting. It rained on the way, and it was Qingming Festival. I am depressed and want to use wine to relieve my sorrow and write a poem... All this is so reasonable.
So, is there "wine" in Xinghua Village in Qiting? There is a saying here: "Three Miles of Peach Blossoms." The store is located in Xinghua Village, Sili. There are fine wines at the end of the village and beauties in the store. "The wine here is called "yellow wine", so named because of its yellow color. There is a record saying: "The wine made purely from glutinous rice has no flesh and blood in the wine, so the wine tastes the most mellow. Rinse out the remaining residue, put it into a porcelain urn and seal it for storage. It will turn yellow over time and taste particularly delicious. ”
“In Xinghua Village, the wine and flags are blowing, the smoke is heavy, the water is melting, the wild boats are crossing, and the willows are dense...” What is more worth mentioning is that Xie Wuyi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote when he passed by Xinghua Village here. The poems are so similar to Du Mu's "Qingming"! Thousands of years ago, Chen Sui once lived in seclusion in the apricot forest, and Su Zi visited and chanted four times... The dried calligraphy and ink are still faintly fragrant. Du Mu's Poems on Fenyang
In addition to Fenyang in Shanxi, Chizhou in Anhui, and Qiting in Hubei, the more famous Xinghua Villages include the "Jinling Xinghua Village" in Nanjing and the Xinghua Village at the foot of Liangshan Mountain in "Water Margin". There were 99 Xinghua Villages in Feng County, Xuzhou, but most of them were not as famous as the first three.
The three Xinghua Villages have many similarities with the poem, and there are also other poems and poems. According to the literature, which one is the real shepherd boy? The difficulty is comparable to the "real and fake monkey king" in "Journey to the West", but if we carefully analyze the poem "Qingming", it is not difficult to find clues.
The first two lines of the poem are mostly unobjectionable, but the last two lines are the "key" to Xinghua Village.
"May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. "Due to the limitation of the number of words in poems, poets often shorten the things they refer to. Du Mu, who was wet by the rain, may have heard about the delicious wine of Xinghua Village before asking, so he asked the shepherd boy on the street: "Excuse me. , where is the Xinghua Village Restaurant?" The shepherd boy pointed to the distance: "There. " Based on this, it can be inferred that because Chizhou, Anhui Province was not well-known before, the possibility of it being a real "Xinghua Village" is very small.
Because this poem by Du Mu has a strong visual sense, it has also become the favorite of many painters. In many paintings, the shepherd boy is riding a buffalo and pointing into the distance to the poet Du Mu. As we all know, buffaloes are mostly in the south, and cattle are mostly in the north. As a result, Fenyang, Shanxi, seems to have lost the competition. Qualifications. But is this really the case?