Physical principles: reflection and refraction of light.
The mountains are stacked in the water, and there is a reflection of the mountains in the water. There is no unattractive mountain, no unattractive water.
Second, Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell goes to the passenger ship. -Zhang Tang Ji "Sleeping in Fengjiang"
The spread of sound.
In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu, the bell rang to the passenger ship in the middle of the night.
Third, the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the sails are coming alone. -Tang Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain"
Physical principle: Castle Peak is static relative to the ground, but with the moving ship as the reference, Castle Peak becomes moving, with the river bank as the reference, and the solitary sail comes from the sun.
The beautiful scenery of the green hills on both sides of the strait is inseparable, and a solitary boat comes from the horizon.
April, April, beautiful scenery on earth, peach blossoms in mountain temples. -Tang Bai Juyi's Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple
Physical principle: The higher the terrain, the slower the temperature rises. In the same season, the temperature on the mountain is lower than that on the mountain.
In April, all the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temple in the mountains have just bloomed.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) How the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever. -Tang Li Bai's "Into the Wine"
Physical principle: water cycle.
The water of the Yellow River fell from the sky, and the waves rolled straight into the East China Sea, never to return.
2. Poetry about physics 1. Mountain peaks float, no water, no mountains and no ecstasy.
-Physical principle of modern Wu Mai's Guilin Landscape: reflection and refraction of light. The mountains are stacked in the water, and there is a reflection of the mountains in the water. There is no unattractive mountain, no unattractive water.
Second, Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell goes to the passenger ship. -Tang Zhangji's "Sleeping by the Fengjiang River" Physical principle: the spread of sound.
In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu, the bell rang to the passenger ship in the middle of the night. Third, the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the sails are coming alone.
-Tang Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" Physical principle: Compared with the green hills on the ground, it is static, but with the moving ship as the reference, the green hills become moving. Taking the river bank as a reference, the solitary sail comes from the sun. The beautiful scenery of the green hills on both sides of the strait is inseparable, and a solitary boat comes from the horizon.
April, April, beautiful scenery on earth, peach blossoms in mountain temples. -Tang Juyi's "Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple" Physical principle: The higher the terrain, the slower the temperature rises. In the same season, the temperature in the mountains is lower than that in the mountains.
In April, all the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples in the mountains have just bloomed. 5. How does the water of the Yellow River flow out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever?
-Tang Li Bai's "Into the Wine" physical principle: water cycle. The water of the Yellow River fell from the sky, and the waves rolled straight into the East China Sea, never to return.
3. Find a poem containing physical knowledge and point out what physical knowledge it contains. 1, Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight.
2, "Bai Di's words in the clouds, a thousand miles in Jiangling one day. The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. " (The Early Development of Baidicheng by Li Bai in Tang Dynasty)
Analysis: The first two poems literally mean that the poet has to go back and forth to Jiangling in one day, that is, it takes 12 hours (1000 km = 1000 km) to travel 2000 miles. According to this, roughly calculate the ship speed: v=s/t= 1000 km/12 hours ≈ 83.33 km/h. The speed of modern inland steamboat is only 10 ~ 2 1.6km/h, which is too fast for Li Bai. In fact, this is an expression of the poet's eagerness to return.
3. "When my boat was sailing in the fog, the day was getting dark and old memories began. How vast the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water! . "(Meng Haoran's Sleeping at Jiande in the Tang Dynasty)
Analysis: The poet is still enjoying the night scene in the hotel with great interest. The water in Jiande River is so clear and calm. The poet takes water as a mirror, and the bright moon seems close at hand, so he can sit back and relax tonight. It is clearly a "flat mirror" that makes the bright moon in the sky "image" in the water.
4. Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, once vowed by the Yangtze River that "my heart is a magnet, not the south." . Here, the author uses the magnetic needle stone to compare his determination to resist gold.
Analysis: One of the properties of magnets refers to the north and south, so Wen Tianxiang used the property of "magnetic needle stone refers to the north and south" to compare his determination to resist gold. This makes people involuntarily think of Wen Tianxiang's famous sentence, "Who has never died since ancient times, and has kept the heart of a child in history." Today's people are encouraged, resonate with the feelings of the ancients, and inspire deep patriotism.
5, the fragrance of flowers is warm at first sight, the sound of singing through the trees is happy, and the sun is shining. "These are two poems written by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, in Happy Village. From the physical point of view, the first sentence can be understood as: the aromatic oil molecules secreted by flowers accelerated, indicating that the surrounding temperature was sudden at that time.
Analysis: The poet expressed his admiration for the beautiful nature with a beautiful style and accurately described the details in the process of seasonal alternation. "The fragrance of flowers attacks people" shows that the poet has already felt the fragrance of flowers without touching them, which is caused by the irregular movement (diffusion) of aromatic oil molecules secreted by flowers; When the temperature around you suddenly rises, you will feel "sudden warmth".
6. The small bamboo raft is in the middle reaches of the river, walking on both sides of the towering green hills. "These two lyrics have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people with the famous movie" Sparkling Red Star ". Please use your knowledge of physics to analyze these phenomena.
Analysis: "Walking" and "swimming" represent two different movements, which are called mechanical movements in physics. Whether the "swimming" of bamboo rafts in the river depends on the ground or the green hills on the ground; "Walking" on both sides of "Castle Peak" is actually an anthropomorphic statement. People are standing on the "bamboo raft". If the bamboo raft is used as a reference, then the green hills are moving!
7. Hold Shuiyue in your hand and let the fragrance of flowers permeate your clothes.
Physical knowledge:
"Holding the moon in the hand" is a mirror reflection phenomenon.
"Clothes are full of flowers" is a phenomenon of molecular diffusion.
8. Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke. Looking at the waterfall hanging in Qianchuan from a distance, I went straight down to thousands of feet. Suspected that the Milky Way had fallen for nine days.
Physical knowledge: the kinetic energy of "flying water" is increasing, while the gravitational potential energy of water is decreasing.
9, the peaks reflect the mountains, no mountains, no water, no ecstasy.
Physical knowledge: reflection and refraction of light
10, peach blossoms set each other off in red
Physical knowledge: The red light reflected by peach blossoms is the decisive factor for the color of objects.
1 1, you can tell a person by his voice.
Physical knowledge: timbre, one of the three characteristics of music.
12, a poem by Li Yi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is called "Happy to see my brother goodbye", which describes: "After these ten years of boredom, we meet again. We have all changed a lot. The first time I heard your last name, I thought you were a stranger. Then I heard your name, and I remembered your young face. As can be seen from "Ask the surname", there is a feature in the voice that reminds the poet of his memory ten years ago. This feature is one of the three major features of music.
I wonder if it's enough?
4. Poetry, proverbs or idioms about acousto-optic phenomena are deafening: it means the loudness of sound.
Sing loudly: refers to the loudness of the sound.
Whisper: refers to the low loudness of sound.
Good-sounding: refers to the good tone of the voice.
Cover your ears and steal the bell: reduce the sound during communication.
Aftersound: The reason is that although the object has stopped knocking, it is still vibrating and making a sound.
Implication: There are indeed sounds beyond the range of human hearing frequency, such as ultrasound and infrasound, which we can't hear at all.
The wall has ears: it means that solids can spread sound.
With a long whistle, the mountain sounds like a valley. People shout in the mountains, and the sound can form an echo after many reflections, which lasts for a long time. As if the mountains were shouting and the valleys were echoing.
The reverberation lingered for three days. Sound will reflect back when it meets an object to form an echo.
You can tell a person by his voice. Different vocalists have different timbres, and we can distinguish familiar people according to their timbres.
But you can't hear him. Sound waves will encounter obstacles in the process of propagation. When the wavelength is greater than the size of the obstacle, sound waves can bypass the obstacle, and solids can also spread sound, so sound can be heard. Light travels in a straight line in the air, and the line of sight is easily blocked by obstacles, so people can't be seen.
Boiling water does not ring, and ringing water does not boil. When boiling water, the water at the bottom of the pot absorbs heat and vaporizes to form bubbles. When the water is not boiled, these bubbles rise from the bottom and meet the water with lower temperature in the upper layer, and the water vapor inside the bubbles will liquefy into water, and the bubble volume will gradually shrink and disappear. The expansion and contraction of bubbles cause water to vibrate, thus making noise. When the water boils, the temperature of the water at the bottom of the pot is equal to that of the water at the top. In the process of bubble rising, water vapor is continuously generated, and the volume becomes larger. When it reaches the surface of the water, it will be broken and the vibration will be smaller, so "water does not boil, boiling water does not ring."
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight. Therefore, the bell is transmitted to the passenger ship through the air, and it can be distinguished by the timbre of the sound.
Dare not speak loudly for fear of scaring people. The "high" here refers to the high pitch of the sound. But people in the heavenly palace can't hear your voice, because vacuum can't spread sound.
After this boring decade, we meet again. We have all changed a lot. The first time I heard your last name, I thought you were a stranger. Then I heard your name, and I remembered your young face. As can be seen from "Ask the surname", there is a feature in the voice that reminds the poet of his memory ten years ago. This feature is timbre.
Wind, rain, reading, the sound in your ears. It shows that sound can travel in air and water.
5. Physical phenomena in China's poems Part I (Overview) Nature is rich and colorful. Ancient poets left a well-known poem when they experienced life, observed and appreciated the beauty of nature.
And because physical phenomena are everywhere in nature. Therefore, some physical phenomena inevitably appear in ancient poems.
Specifically, these seemingly chaotic phenomena belong to different branches of physics, including the most common light phenomena and sound phenomena. Of course, some phenomena are closely related to classical mechanics and kinematics. The poet's meticulous description of life makes these scientific phenomena hidden between the lines of the poem, which triggers our thinking today.
Light is the most common phenomenon, and it is believed that light is closely related to our lives, whether ancient or modern. Let's talk about the phenomenon of light first.
Part II (Light Phenomenon in Ancient Poems) Humans began to observe and study light very early, and gradually accumulated rich knowledge, making optics one of the earliest branches of physics. Mojing was written 2400 years ago and is the earliest optical work in the world.
The most basic property of light is linear propagation. "Until I raise my cup, I ask the moon to bring me my shadow, so that the three of us can drink with the moon" is one of Li Bai's words.
When the poet was drinking, a little moonlight reflected his shadow, as if there were three. In the psychedelic of light and shadow, the relationship between them can be faintly seen. How can the "bright moon" become an "opposite shadow" and how can there be "three people"? Due to the linear propagation of light, the light emitted by a point light source (here we roughly regard the "bright moon" as a point light source) shines on an opaque object (person), and the object is irradiated on the surface of the light, forming a dark area behind the backlight surface that cannot be irradiated by light, which is the shadow of the object.
Of course, because the luminous surface of the "bright moon" is relatively large, every luminous point on the luminous surface can be regarded as a point light source, and they all form a shadow area behind the object. The common range of these shadows will not be illuminated by light at all, which is called umbra. There is also an area around the umbra that can be illuminated by part of the light emitted by the light source, which is called penumbra.
Therefore, the phenomenon of "bringing my shadow to me and making us three" is caused by umbra and penumbra. Li Bai not only has the heroic spirit of "raising a glass, I ask the bright moon", but also observes and sees "bringing my shadow to me and making us three" in detail. This poem is the concrete unity of the poet's thoughts and feelings and scientific phenomena.
Du Fu also combined light, shadow and starry sky perfectly in Pavilion Night. "Stark blows the fifth watch, challenging the gongs and drums, and the stars and Tianhe pulse across the three mountains", which reminds people of the beautiful Milky Way and the steep scenery of the Three Gorges. The refraction and reflection of light is also a phenomenon of light that people realized earlier.
The poet Li Bai also observed the refraction and reflection of light. A poem "Lushan suggestion Lu Xuzhou" wrote: The beautiful scenery of "Jiudieping Scenic Resort" and "Yunjin", the mountain seat containing phosphorus and the clouds in the sky are reflected in the mirror-like water, and the lakes and mountains are full of interest.
The reflection of mountains and clouds in water is the result of light reflection. Whether it is a transparent object or an opaque object, its surface should reflect some light.
When a plane is illuminated by parallel light, the reflected light is also parallel. This kind of reflection is specular reflection.
Here, we can take the "Ming Lake" in the poem as a mirror. The light emitted from point S, after being reflected by a plane mirror, seems to be emitted from point S', which is called the image of S. The "shadow" and "looking at the light" seen by the poet from the water are the images of the lake reflecting the mountains and clouds.
To the observer on the water, it seems that there is a reflection point S' underwater, but in fact, S' does not exist. Of course, this kind of poems describing the reflection phenomenon of light also include Li Bai's Song of Qiupu, I don't know where to get autumn frost in the mirror, and Harmony with Little Blue Island and Heaven.
"Sailing alone, the sky has gone, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky." This is a famous sentence in Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou. The poet's infinite concern for his friends is pinned on Lonely Sail and Far Shadow.
The "blue sky" in the atmosphere is the result of light refraction. When light enters another medium from one medium, at the junction of the two media, part of the light enters the latter medium, changing the original propagation direction, which is the refraction of light.
The closer the atmosphere covering the earth's surface is to the ground, the greater its density and refractive index. In this medium with uneven density distribution, light does not travel in a straight line.
We can generally think that the air on the surface of the earth is composed of many horizontal gas layers, and the density of each layer is different. Of course, the closer the plane is to the horizon, the more obvious the deflection of light in the atmosphere.
So Li Bai said it was "exhaustion of the sky". There is also a special phenomenon in refraction-total reflection.
"The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds shine like palaces." Li Baizhen has a good eye.
He also saw the phenomenon of total reflection in the air-a mirage. Under the exaggerated style, a looming mirage seems to emerge in front of you.
It is also caused by the propagation of light in uneven air. When the air pressure is constant, the air density decreases with the increase of temperature, and the refractive index of light also decreases.
In summer, the temperature on the sea surface is lower than that in the air. When the light from distant peaks and pavilions shines into the air, because the refractive index of the lower air is higher than that of the upper air, the light refracts continuously and deviates from the normal direction more and more, and the incident angle of the hot air layer increases continuously.
When the incident angle of light increases to the critical angle, total reflection will occur, and people will see distant scenery hanging in the air. Above, we saw the appearance of light phenomenon in combination with ancient poems, and briefly explained its principle.
The poet combines what he has seen and heard in life with wonderful scenery and sincere feelings, and presents the mystery of nature to us completely. Next, let's take a look at how the sound phenomenon and other phenomena are integrated into the scene of ancient poetry.
The third part (sound phenomenon and other phenomena in ancient poetry) Besides the changeable light phenomenon, there are many wonderful sound phenomena and mechanical and kinematic phenomena in life. Poets love life and always pay attention to every detail in life. Of course, they also pay attention to these physical phenomena in daily life and show them in their poems.
Everyone is familiar with the poem "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell arrives at the passenger ship" in a night berth near Fengqiao. This famous sentence, which has been told through the ages, also contains sound phenomena. We live in a world full of sound, and people communicate with each other through sound.